高考语法填空破题策略余力

浙江大区英语学科组教研

余力2018.9.21高考语法填空破题策略1.考纲和考情解读

2.考点统计3.知识构建4.考点精讲考纲和考情解读考纲要求：语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。2.考情解读：浙江高考语法填空自新高考改革后，于2016年10月份学考首次现身，位于高考英语卷第三部分语言运用第二节；该题型以短文填空形式出现，共10个空，设空形式分为：有备选词和无备选词两类，每空1.5分，满分15分，高考总分占比10%，是技巧性最强的一类考题；文章体裁不再以简单叙事为主，更偏向于议论文，句子难度有所加大。考点统计由图可知，浙江高考语法填空词类考查遵循“以实词为主，虚词为辅”的原则；实词考查占比70%以上，实词考查以动词为主；对虚词的考查，连词不可或缺；知识构建语法=词法+句法词法：知识构建2.句法：2.1简单句的五种基本句型主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+宾语(间)+宾语(直)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+系动词+表语2.2三大从句，一个特殊；定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句，省略句；考点精讲高考语法填空虚词考查往往不设备选词，实词考查会给出备选词；虚词：1.冠词(a/an/the;趋势：固定搭配：one…theother/forawhile)【例1】【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】As65.________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【例2】【2017.11.浙江卷】Likemanythingsinlife,it’s1._________ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere’senoughroomforimprovement.【例3】【2018·全国卷ⅠII】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2._________topofherlungs.Keys:a;an;the考点精讲2.介词(特殊介词考查：than、as;考查方式较隐性，重语义理解；)【例1】【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4.____is____(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5.________walking,cyclingorswimming.【例2】【2018.6浙江卷】Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome10._________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.【例3】【2017.11浙江卷】Youwouldn’tthinkthatafew3.____months_____(month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenough4._________therestofyourlife.Keys:than;for;for考点精讲3.连接词(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、并列成分)【例1】【2018·9台州一模卷】IntheUKalone,thiscouldmeanasavingofaround45,000tones(公吨)ofcarbondioxideemissionsayearwhenthemachinesaretransported,9._________isreallyapieceofgoodnewstotheenvironment.【例2】【2018·9全国卷III】I'mnotsure1._________ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.【例3】【2016·全国卷III】InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,1.________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Keys:which;which;and考点精讲【例4】【2016·全国卷III】Overtime,5.________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Keys：as/when考点精讲实词：1.名词(单复数、词性转化)【例1】【2018·6浙江卷】MakingChinese1.____(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【例2】【2018·6浙江卷】Oneofthe5.____(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.Keys:dishes;effective考点精讲2.代词(有可能无备选词；人称代词和物主代词的转化以及人称代词主宾格变化；)【例1】【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive10.________atry.【例2】【2017.11浙江卷】Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnbothnewwordsand9.______(they)useunconsciously.【例3】【2018·全国卷ⅠII】WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind8._______(they)alive.keys:it;their;them考点精讲3.形容词和副词(比较级和最高级、句法功能)【例1】【2018·6浙江卷】Therecouldbeaneven8._________(high)costonyourhealth.【例2】【2018·全国卷III】Hescreamsthe3._________(loud)ofall.【例3】【2017·全国卷II】Steamengines5.____areused____(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6.____(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.Keys：higher；loudest;fairly考点精讲4.动词4.1动词的词性转换(动词变形容词、动词变名词)【例1】【2018·6浙江卷】Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe7._________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.【例2】【2018·6浙江卷】Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein9._________(weigh)problems.Keys:affordable;weight4.2动词的三单形式【例】【2017·11浙江卷】Thisisn’tashardasit7._________(sound),anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodKeys:sounds考点精讲4.3动词的时态和语态(找时间状语和逻辑关系)【例1】【2018·6浙江卷】Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto6._______(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears。【例2】【2017·全国卷I】Whenfatandsalt4.________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.Keys:havebecome;areremoved4.4非谓语动词(固搭、目的状语、伴随状语、省略句)【例1】【2016·10浙江卷】ThehallwasdarkwhenIcamein;theshowwasabout6._________(begin).【例2】【2016·10浙江卷】Soonafter,Iwasonmywaytotheshow,5._________(carry)afancyblackhandbagandahappysmile.Keys:tobegain;carrying考点精讲【例3】【2018·全国卷II】Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice4.________(improve)waterquality.【例4】【2017·11浙江卷】Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnbothnewwordsand9.___their___(they)useunconsciously,meaningthatyouwilltendtousethewords10._______(learn)thiswayinconversationsalmostautomatically.【例5】【2018·9台州一模卷】Butitwilldefinitelyworkwhen10.______(put)intouse.”Keys:toimprove;learned/learnt;put中学生学习习惯养成我不是你的影子，但我与你亲密无间。我不是机器，但我全心全意听命于你。对成功的人来说——我是功臣；对失败者而言——我是罪人。培训我——我会为你赢得整个人生；放纵我——我会毁掉你的终身。猜猜看，我到底是谁？“我”就是_________中学生学习习惯养成亚历山大帝国图书馆发生火灾的时候，馆里所藏图书被焚烧殆尽，但有一本不很贵重的书得以幸免。有一个能识几个字的穷人，花了几个铜板买下了这本书。书本身不是很有意思，但书里面却藏着一样非常有趣的东西：一张薄薄的羊皮纸，上面写着点铁成金石的秘密。所谓点铁成金石，是一块小圆石，能把任何普通的金属变成纯金。小纸片上写着：这块奇石可以在黑海边找到，但是奇石的外观跟海边成千上万的石头没什么两样。谜底在于：奇石摸起来是温的，而普通的石头摸起来是冰凉的。高中学生学习习惯养成于是，这个穷人于是变卖了家当，带着简单的行囊，露宿