2023高考英语外刊时文精读专题02机器人的崛起

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(2)Riseoftherobots机器人的崛起主题语境：人与社会主题语境内容：科学与技术【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）Theword“robot”wascoined（创造）in

1920

bytheCzechplaywrightKarelCapek.In“R.U.R.”(“Rossum’sUniversalrobots”)Capekimagined

artificial,fully

functional

servants.Formostoftheirhistory,however,robotshavebeen

dumb,inelegantmechanicaldevicessittingoutofsightinfactories.Thingsarestartingtochange,however.robotshavebenefitedfromrapid

innovations

insmartphones,whichbroughtcheapcamerasand

sensors（传感器）,fast

wireless

communicationsandpowerful,smallercomputerchips（芯片）.Morerecentadvancesinmachinelearninghaveaddedsoftwaretomakerobotsbetterinformedabouttheir

surroundings

andequippedthemtomakewiserdecisions.robotsareleavingcarefullymanagedindustrial

settings

foreverydaylifeand,inthecomingyears,willincreasinglyworkinsupermarkets,clinics,socialcareandmuchmore.Theycouldnotbecomingatabettertime.Manyindustriesarefacingashortageof

labour—the

demand

forworkershasrecoveredmuchfasterthanexpectedfromthepandemic（疫情）andsomepeoplehavelefttheworkforce（劳动力）,

particularly

inAmerica.Warehousing（仓储）hasgrown

rapidly

thankstothee-commerce（电子商务）boom.Robotsarenow

indispensable（必不可少的）,pickingitemsoffshelvesandhelpingpeoplepackanexponentially（迅速增长的）risingnumbersofboxes.Theyareevenbeginningto

trundle（移动）slowlyalongsomepavements,deliveringgoodsorfoodrighttopeople’sdoors.Inapandemic-ravagedworld,shortofworkersbutwithlotsofelderlyfolktolookafter,havingmorerobotstoboostproductivity（生产力）wouldbeagoodthing.Andyetmanypeoplefearthatrobotswilldestroyjobs.Apaperin

2013

byeconomistsatOxfordUniversitywaswidelymisinterpreted（曲解）asmeaningthat

47%ofAmericanjobswereatriskofbeing

automated（自动化的）.Infact,concernsaboutmassunemploymentare

overblown（过分渲染）.Theevidencesuggestsrobotswillbe

disruptive（扰乱的）

butultimatelybeneficialfor

labour

markets.JapanandSouthKoreahavethehighestrobot

penetration（渗透）

butverystrongworkforces.AYaleUniversitystudythatlookedatJapanese

manufacturing（生产）

between

1978

and

2017

foundthatanincreaseofonerobotunitper

1,000

workers

boosted

acompany’semploymentby

2.2%.ResearchfromtheBankofKoreafoundthatrobotisation（机器自动化）movedjobsawayfrom

manufacturing

intoothersectors（领域）,butthattherewasno

decrease

inoverall

vacancies（空位）.Anotherstudy,byresearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandcolleagueselsewhere,lookedatFinnishfirmsandconcludedthattheiruseofadvancedtechnologiesledtoincreasesinhiring.Forallthat,themarchoftherobotswillbringbigchangestoworkplaces.Theskillsandfirmsthatarerewardedwillshift,too.Butthatneednotbethedisastermanyfear.Onesupposedexampleof“bad

automation”isself-servicecheckoutsinsupermarkets,becausetheydisplacehumanworkers.Checkoutstaffwhoretraintohelpcustomerspickitemsfromaislesmaywellfindthatdealingwithpeopleinneedismorerewardingthanspendingalldayswiping（刷磁卡）barcodesinfrontoflasers.Inevitably,somepeoplewillbeonthelosingendofchangeevenastherobotsmakesocietyasawholebetteroff.Onelessonfromthe

freewheeling（自由放纵的）

globalisationofthe

1990sand

2000sisthatthegrowthintradethatwasoverwhelmingly（势不可挡地）beneficial

triggered

apolitical

backlash（反击）,becausethelosersfeltleftbehind.Thatisonemorereasonwhyfirmsandgovernmentswoulddowelltorecognisethevalueofretrainingandlifelonglearning.Asjobschange,workersshouldbehelpedtoacquirenewskills,includinghowtoworkwithandmanagetherobotsthatwillincreasinglybetheircolleagues.​The

potential

gainsfromtherobotrevolutionarehuge.InCapek’splay,therobots

revolt（反叛）againsttheirhumanmastersandcausemassunemploymentandworse.Thebeginningsoftheworld’srealrobotshavenotmatchedCapek’ssatire（讽刺）.Thereisnoreasontothinkthattheirfutureneedstoeither.【课标词汇】artificial人造的，人工的；仿造的•clothesmadeofartificialfibres人造纤维质地的服装•anartificialheart人造心脏•anartificiallake人工湖•artificialfur/sweeteners/flowers人造毛皮／人造甜味剂／假花functional实用的;作用的；功能的；（能）起作用的，工作的，运转的Bathroomsdon'thavetobepurelyfunctional.浴室不必完全只为了实用。Theseunitsplayedakeyfunctionalroleinthemilitaryoperation.这些单位在军事行动中起到了主要的职能作用。Thehospitalwillsoonbefullyfunctional.这家医院将很快全面运作。dumb哑的；不能说话的;一时说不出话的；不肯开口的Wewereallstruckdumbwithamazement.我们都惊讶得说不出话来。Shewasborndeafanddumb.她天生又聋又哑。inelegant不雅的；粗俗的•aninelegantposture不雅的姿势•inelegantsurroundings粗俗的环境mechanical机械的；机械零件的•amechanicaldevice机械设备Theplaneappearedtohavecrashedbecauseofamechanicalproblem.这架飞机看来是因机械故障而坠毁的。outofsight看不见了Shesawthemoff,wavinguntilthecarwasoutofsight.她给他们送行，一直挥手到车子从目光中消失。Karenwaveduntilthecarwasoutofsight.卡伦不断挥手，直到汽车看不见了。benefit得益，受惠；（使）受益；对…有帮助IfeelthatIhavebenefitedgreatlyfromherwisdom.我觉得从她的睿智中我获益良多。Theyareworkingtogethertobenefitthewholecommunity.

他们在为整个社区的利益共同努力。innovation革新，创新:

Weneedtoencourageinnovationinindustry.

我们需要鼓励工业创新。Manypeoplefeelbewilderedbythespeedoftechnologicalinnovation.

很多人对技术革新的速度感到不知所措。advance（使）前进；使进步，使进展；使发展；促进Thefireadvancedsteadilythroughtheforest.大火在森林中不断蔓延。Wehaveadvancedgreatlyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.在认识宇宙方面，我们已经取得长足的进步。He'sjusttryingtoadvance(=improve)hisowncareer.他只是在努力发展自己的事业。advanced先进的;高级的Thisisthemostadvancedtypeofengineavailable.这是现有的最先进的引擎。Thecourseissuitableforbeginnersandadvancedstudents...本课程适合初学者及程度较高者。Thelabhasrecentlybeenupdatedtoallowformoreadvancedcourses.实验室最近经过更新，可以上更高阶的课程了。add加，相加；增加，添加；补充说，继续说Ifyouaddthreeandfouryougetseven.三加四等于七。Beatthebutterandsugartogetherandslowlyaddtheeggs.把奶油和糖搅拌在一起，再慢慢把鸡蛋打进去。She'saddedaPicassotohercollection.她的收藏中增添了一幅毕卡索的画作。"Oh,andthankyouforallyourhelp!"headdedashewasleaving.“噢，谢谢你的帮助！”他在离开时补充道。inform通知，告知Thenameofthedeadmanwillnotbereleaseduntilhisrelativeshavebeeninformed.在通知死者亲属之前，不会公布死者的姓名。IinformedmybossthatIwasgoingtobeawaynextweek.我告诉老板下周我不在。equip装备；配备；使有准备；使有能力It'sgoingtocost$4milliontoequipthehospital.给这所医院配齐医疗设备将耗资400万美元。Thecourseaimstoequippeoplewiththeskillsnecessaryforajobinthistechnologicalage.本课程旨在使人们获得在这个科技时代必备的工作技能。manage管理，掌管；经营（尤指企业）Hasshehadanyexperienceofmanaginglargeprojects?她有负责大型专案计划的经验吗？He'snotverygoodatmanagingpeople.他不是很善于管理别人。Hisjobinvolvedmanaginglargeinvestmentfunds.他的工作涉及管理巨额投资基金。increasingly越来越多地，不断增加地Increasingly,youngpeopledistrustallformsofgovernment.年轻人越来越不相信任何形式的政府。Hewasfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomakedecisions...他发现越来越难以作出决定。TheU.S.hasincreasinglyreliedonJapanesecapital...美国越来越依赖日本的资本。ashortageof缺乏，缺少•ashortageoffunds资金不足•ashortageofskilledlabour缺乏熟练工There'sashortageoffoodandshelterintherefugeecamps.难民营里缺少足够的食物和住处。demand坚决请求，强烈要求；强要Thecarworkers'unionisdemandinga7%payrisethisyear.汽车工会要求今年加薪7%。Shedemandedthathereturnthebooksheborrowedfromher.她要求他把从她那里借走的书还回来。recover（尤指健康、能力、所有物等）失而复得，重新得到，追回，收复，寻回Ittookheralongwhiletorecoverfrom/afterherheartoperation.她心脏动手术后很长时间身体才复原。Ittookalongtimefortheeconomytorecoveraftertheslump.经济萧条期过后，这间公司花了很长时间才恢复元气。thanksto多亏；幸亏；归功于Itwasallagreatsuccess—thankstoalotofhardwork.由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。Everyoneknowsaboutitnow,thankstoyou!多亏了你，现在大家都知道了！boom（经济上的）繁荣，迅速发展Thisyearhasseenaboominbooksales.今年图书销售激增。Tourismontheislandhasboomed.该岛的旅游业迅速发展。Bythe1980s,thecomputerindustrywasbooming.到20世纪80年代时,计算机行业迅猛发展。pack把东西装进（箱，包）,把…打包；把…装箱Ipackedabagwithafewofmyfavouriteclothes.我往包里装了几件我最喜欢的衣服。Shehadpackedandcheckedoutofthehotel.她已收拾好东西结账离开了旅馆。Hepackedabagwithafewthingsandwasoff.他装了几件衣物就走了。deliver运送；递送，投递;发表；宣布；TheshopisdeliveringournewbedonThursday.该店将于周二把我们的新床送来。BeforeleavingIdeliveredmyselfofafewchoicecomments.离开之前，我发表了一些精心准备的评论boost使增长；使兴旺:Themoviehelpedboostherscreencareer.那部电影有助于她的银幕生涯的发展。SharepriceswereboostedbyreportsofthePresident'srecovery.总统康复的报导导致股票价格上扬。atrisk处境危险，冒风险Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasareatriskofflooding.所有离海岸不足100米的房子都有被洪水袭击的危险。Ifwegotowar,innocentliveswillbeputatrisk.如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。concern使担忧；使挂念；使焦虑Thestateofmyfather'shealthconcernsusgreatly.我父亲的健康状况让我们非常担心。Itconcernsmethathehasn'tbeenincontact.还没有联络到他，我很担心。beneficial有益的，有用的，有利的Astayinthecountrywillbebeneficialtohishealth.在乡下生活一段时间，对他的健康有利。Usingcomputershasabeneficialeffectonchildren'slearning.使用计算机对孩子们的学习有益。来自牛津双解conclude使结束;作出结论；推断；断定ThedoctorsconcludedthatEstherhadsufferedastroke.医生诊断埃丝特中风了。Theyconcludetheirstudywiththesewords.他们以这些话结束调查报告。Thereportconcludedthattheschoolshouldbeclosedimmediately.报告的结论是这所学校应该立刻关闭。leadto引发（某事物）Thereisnodoubtthatstresscanleadtophysicalillness.毫无疑问，心理压力会导致生理疾病。shift移动；改变；转移Thewindisexpectedtoshift(totheeast)tomorrow.预计风明天转向（为东风）。Mediaattentionhasshiftedrecentlyontoenvironmentalissues.媒体关注的焦点最近转到了环保问题。

SheshiftedhergazefrommetoBobby.

她把凝视的目光从我身上移开，转向了博比。displace取代，替代;Coalhasbeendisplacedbynaturalgasasamajorsourceofenergy.作为一种主要能源的煤正为天然气所取代。Coalistobedisplacedbynaturalgasandnuclearpower.煤炭将让位于天然气和核能。inneed需要帮助的Wemustcareforthoseinneed.我们必须关心那些生活困难的人。Thecharityaimstoprovideassistancetopeopleinneed.这个慈善机构的宗旨是向贫困者提供帮助。reward答；报偿；奖赏Thecompanyrewardedhimforhisyearsofservicewithagrandfarewellpartyandseveralpresents.公司为了答谢他多年为公司所作的贡献，为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会，还赠送了他几件礼物。Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.

她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔奖金。

Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedwithasmile.她开始给孩子唱歌,孩子则报以微笑。inevitably不可避免地Theirargumentsinevitablyendintears.他们的争论不可避免地以眼泪告终。

Inevitably,thesituationdidnotpleaseeveryone.这种局势必定不能让所有人都感到满意。trigger引起，引发（坏事）Somepeoplefindthatcertainfoodstriggertheirheadaches.有些人发现某些食物导致他们头痛。Hisactiontriggeredamassiveresponsefromthegovernment.

他的行动激起了来自政府的极大反响。acquire取得，获得；学到，获得〔知识、技能〕Thecollegeacquiredareputationforveryhighstandards.那所学院以学术水平高而闻名。Hespentyearsacquiringhisskillsasasurgeon.

他花了许多年时间学习外科医生的技能。ShehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

她英语已经学得很好。【课标词汇精练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。Manythousandsfromthenewtreatment.

Hercolleagues'laughteronlytoherembarrassment.Adegreeinthehistoryofartisverynicebutitdoesn'texactlyyouformanyjobs.Hehasalwaysthehigheststandardsofbehaviourfromhischildren.Heneverreallyfromtheshockofhiswifedying.thistreatment,herconditionhasimproved.Theypassedbehindthehilland.Whenyouhaveajobaswellaschildrentolookafter,youhavetolearnhowtoyourtime.ThereisanpopularalternativefundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief.23millionpeopleinAfricaarefromstarvation.Whatmeisourlackofpreparationforthechange.

Theimprovementinsalesfigureshadaeffect/influenceonthecompanyasawhole.Walterswasnotproperlyofthereasonsforherarrest.Theofficewaslargeandratherthanwelcoming.Wesatthereinsilence.Thecompanyproducespartsforairplaneengines.Wemustencourageifthecompanyistoremaincompetitive.Herstudyhasconsiderablythecauseofequalrights.Withoutmoretrainingortechnicalskills,they'lllosetheirjobs.Businesswas,andmoneywasn'taproblem.IdecidedtoafewthingsandtakethekidstomyMum's.Mailtoourofficetwiceaday.Sheisduetoalectureongeneticengineering.Thetheatremanagedtoitsaudiencesbycuttingticketprices.Shethespeechbyremindingusofourresponsibility.Thedecisionwillleadtopoliticaltensions.Theracialkillingsattheweekendhaveoffawaveofprotests.Thesefactorieshavetourismasthecountry'slargestsourceofforeignexchange..Youjusthopethatthemoneygoestothosewhoaremost.Thissuggestionwillcertainlyanargument.She(herweight)uneasilyfromonefoottotheother.Allhishardworkwas(=wasmadeworthit)whenhesawhisbookinprint.ElsieagoodknowledgeofChinese.Keys:havebenefited千千万万的人受益于这种新的疗法。added她的同事笑了起来，这使她更加难堪了。equip能获得一个艺术史学位固然不错，但在很多工作中它并不见得会使你有用武之地。demanded他总是以最高的行为准则来要求自己的孩子。recovered他再也没有从丧妻之痛中真正恢复过来。Thanksto幸亏采用了这种疗法，她的病情已经好转。outofsight他们走到山后，看不见了。manage如果你既要工作又要照顾孩子，就必须学会如何分配时间。increasingly有了越来越受欢迎的替代品。Ashortageof资金短缺使联合国无法督导救援工作。atrisk非洲有2,300万人正处于饥饿的危险中。concerns让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。beneficial销售额的上升使整间公司受益。informed沃尔特斯并未按规定被告知其被捕的原因。functional这个办公室大而实用，但不怎么宜人。dumb我们坐在那里，默然无语。mechanical这家公司生产飞机引擎的机械零件。innovation公司要想保持竞争力，就必须鼓励革新。advanced她的研究极大地促进了权利平等运动的事业。advanced没有进一步的培训或高级技能的话，他们就会丢掉工作。booming生意非常兴隆，钱已不是问题。pack我决定收拾些东西，带孩子们去我妈妈家。isdelivered邮差每天给我们办公室投递两次邮件。deliver根据安排她要作一个关于遗传工程的演讲。boost剧院设法透过降低票价来增加观众数量。concluded她在演讲结束时提醒我们所承担的责任。inevitably该决定必然导致政治局势的紧张。havetriggered周末发生的种族屠杀引发抗议浪潮。havedisplaced这些工厂已取代旅游业成为该国最大的外汇来源。inneed你只是希望那些钱会交到最有需要的人手里。leadto这个建议必将引起一场争论。shifted她不安地把身体的重心由一只脚转移到另一只脚。wasrewarded.看到了自己的书付梓出版，他感到一切的艰辛都得到了回报。acquired埃尔茜汉语学得很好。【译文】“机器人”一词是由捷克剧作家卡雷尔·恰佩克（Kar