高考英语复习句子分类之简单句并列句和复合句知识点

英语句子结构分类英语句子结构分类：简单句，并列句和复合句的概念及区别1.简单句：无论句子长短，只包含一套主谓结构，句子中个个成分都是单词或短语。有时主语或谓语可以是并列结构。请划出下面句子的主谓宾成分。TheaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoonOurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Heputthedictionaryinthebackpack.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Shekeptthedooropen.MyclassmatesandfriendsallreceivedmyChristmascardsandthankedmeverymuch.2.并列句:由并列连词and/but/or/so/however/for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来。如：ComehereandI’llhelpyou.请划出两个分句并判断各分句的成分。并列连词：一、表转折的并列连词主要有but(但是),yet(可是),while(而，却)等二、表选择的并列连词主要or(或者，还是，否则),either,or(不是、就是),neither,or,(既不、也不)otherwise(要不然)等。三、表联合的并列连词主要有and,notonly,butalso,(不但,而且),when(=andjustatthistime就在这时)等。四、表因果的并列连词主要有for(因为),so(因此)等。并列句例句：1.ThisisthecustomofChina.Theyarenotlikeustofinishitinonedrink,_____but_____prefertodrinkbytakingasmallamountatatime.2.Mymotherwantstodecorateourroomsinamodemlook__while_____myfatherprefersatraditionalstyle.3.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,___and____itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatoindependent.4.Heisashyman，__but/yet_______heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.解析：But/yet转折连词。5.Givemeachance,____and______I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.6.Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,_____so____plantscanspreadtonewplaces.7.Makeupyourmind,or/otherwiseyouwillmissthevaluablechance.3.复合句：又称为主从复合句，是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，从句需要有一个从属连词（如that/what/why/how/if等）引导，修饰说明主句或主句中的某个词或短语，不能独立存在。从句可以分为三大类：定语从句、名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句4种）、和状语从句（包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果、目的、比较9种）。定语从句基础句子TheboywhoisreadingisTom.Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.定语从句提高版1.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.2.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived3.Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchfatandsalt，which___isnotgoodforthehealth.4.Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，___which__isontherooftopoftheirhouse.5.ZhengHehadover300ships,someofwhichwereover150meterslongandcouldcarryupto1,000people.郑和有300多艘船，其中一些150多米长，能载多达1，000人。6.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingsthat/whichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.7.Sarah，__who_hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.8.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，__who_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.9.Allthismeansthatcompanieswillrequirepeoplewhoareflexibleandcanworkontheirown.所有这些都意味着公司需要的将是富有灵活性和能够独立工作的员工。10.Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.11.Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupininfluencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.解析：which句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。这是一个定语从句，先行词为指物的thebasicprocesses，所以介词by后面用which。12.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon__which__schooleducationdepends.解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词thefundamentalskill，因此用which。13.Self-drivingisanarea____where______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.14.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere___where_____hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.【答案与解析】where句意：这家公司的老板正试图创造一个员工都喜欢工作的轻松环境。先行词为抽象地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。15.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，oneof___whose_____purposesistorelieveworld­widestarvation.解析：whose考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国建立世界粮食计划署，它的目的之一就是缓解全球饥饿。根据先行词“theWorldFoodProgramme”和“purpose”间的所属关系，故用whose。16.Thebooksonthedesk，__whose__coversareshiny，areprizesforus.解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为thebooks，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。句子主干：Thebooksonthedeskareprizesforus17.Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.埃里克再次起航，这次带着25艘船，其中只有14艘船成功到达格陵兰。18.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks，nearlyhalfof__which__werepublishedinthe1990s.解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children'sbooks，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。19.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，___when_____theweathermaybebetter.【答案与解析】when句意：我们将把在公园里进行野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。空后是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词nextweek，故用when引导。20.Thenumberofsmokers，___as___isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.【答案与解析】as句意：据报道，仅一年的时间，吸烟人的数量就下降了百分之十七。此处由as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如……”。asisreported既可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。21.Iamlookingforwardtotheday__when_mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.【答案与解析】when句意：我一直都在期待我的女儿能够读懂这本书并了解我对她的感情的那一天。要填的词引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的theday；从句缺少时间状语，故填when。22.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities___where_____theycangainexperienceforgrowth.【答案与解析】where句意：应该让学生参与社团活动，在活动中他们能够获得成长所需要的经验。分析句子结构可知，从空格处一直到句尾为定语从句，修饰先行词activities，并且先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。23.Iamnotthesamekindofpersonasyouare.我可不是和你一类的人。（as在从句中作表语）24.Youmaytakethesamebusaswetake.你可乘坐我们坐的同一辆大巴。（as在从句中作宾语）25.Asyouknow,weneedtohurryup.大家知道，我们需要加快速度。26.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.27.Asitturnedout,Ilovedeveryminuteoftheclass.As引导的非限制性定语从句位置即可以位于句首，也可以位于句中或者句末。名词性从句按照类别单句that引导主语从句1.Thatyoudidn'tknowtheruleswon'tbeanexcuseforyourfailure.2.Thatthestormwillcontinuemakesthepublicworried3.ItsuddenlyoccurredtoRosethatshehadn'tturnedofftheTVafterleavingtheroom.(It作形式主语，正在的主语从句是thatshehadn'tturnedofftheTVafterleavingtheroom.)4.Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(It作形式主语，正在的主语从句是thatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.)5.AsIsearchedthenameLindaontheInternet,itbecameevidentthatthere'retwowiththesamenamewholookcompletelydifferent.当我在网上搜索Linda这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。6.Itisapitythatyouhavemissedthewonderfullecture.你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。7.Itisannouncedintoday'snewspaperthatthepresidentwillpayavisittoChinanextweek.今天报纸上宣称总统下周要对中国进行访问。8.Itisbelievedthatchildrenshouldlearntoberesponsiblefromtheverybeginning．人们认为，小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。(It作形式主语，正在的主语从句是thatchildrenshouldlearntoberesponsiblefromtheverybeginning．)9.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.10.Thatlighttravelsfasterthansoundisknowntousall.that引导宾语从句1.Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.2.Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.3.Whydon’tyoubringittohisattentionthatyouaretooilltoworkon?it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。4.Wethinkitimportantthatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。5.Tomisaniceboy,exceptthatheissometimeslateforschool.（词句为介词后宾语从句）汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。6.Iamgladthateverythingisallright.（形容词后的宾语从句）注意：动词后连个宾语从句的时候，第一个宾语从句引导词that可以省略，第二个宾语从句引导词不可以省略。Hesaidhehadeatennothing,andthathewashungry.Mostparentsfearcomputergameswillpreventtheirchildrenfromstudyinghardandthattheirchildrenwillfailintheexamination.that引导表语从句1.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.3.Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。4.Whatisknowntousisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheeartheverymonth.5.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)tellhimthetruth.That引导同位语从句（仅需要了解即可）that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。Hehasmadeapromisetohisbossthathe'llreturninthreedaysaslongashecangettothedestinationintime.他向他老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会三天后回来。what引导名词性从句what引导主语从句1.WhatDavidusedtosaywasalwaysnewandworthhearingandallhispupilslovedhim.2.Whatmakesthebooksospecialisthenameofthewriter.3.Whatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.4.Whatyousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.5.Whatisimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.解析考查主语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，系动词is前的句子缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”要用what。6.Whatsomepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.意思：一些人看作是缺点的东西却被许多其他的人看作优点.7.Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.解析本题考查主语从句。句意：这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句，其中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what。What引导宾语从句1.I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.(介词后的宾语从句)2.Tinaismuchmoreconfidentbehindthewheelthanwhatshewaswhenshestarted.(介词后的宾语从句)3.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.解析如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocksandbranches可知，此处要用what来引导。4.Readingherbiography，IwaslostinadmirationforwhatDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.解析句意：读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记，我很钦佩她在文学上获得的成就。考查名词性从句。考查宾语从句的连接词。在介词for后的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。(介词后的宾语从句)5.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyou'reafraidtodo.解析考查名词性从句。句意：跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作do的宾语，所以用what。6.Itisdifficultforustoimaginewhatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.解析考查宾语从句。句意：对我们来说很难想象古代奴隶的生活像什么样子。what引导的从句是宾语从句，在宾语从句中what作介词like的宾语。What引导表语从句1.Thisyearisveryspecialbecauseit'swhatwecall“aleapyear”.2.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.解析句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中for的宾语。答案what3.“Everytimeyoueatasweet，drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhatmymotherusedtotellme.解析考查表语从句。句意：每次吃糖时，喝点绿茶。这是妈妈过去常对我说的话。答案what4.—Whatamess！Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame，Mum.Iamwhatyouhavemademe.解析考查名词性从句。句意：——这么一团糟！你总是那么懒惰！——妈妈，该受责备的不是我，是你让我成了这个样子。根据结构分析，所填词汇在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中担当宾语补足语，此处指目前的这种状况，指事物，故用what。除what/that外其他引导词引导的名词性从句除what/that外其他引导词引导的主语从句Whowillbeinchargeofthecompanyremainsamystery.Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.Whenwewillholdthesportsmeetisstillunknown.Whyhedidthatisnotclear.HowhegotintouchwithTomisnotclear.Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepublished.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.Whicheverofyougetstherefirstwillgettheprize.除what/that外其他引导词引导的宾语从句Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.Let'sgoonwiththediscussionfromwhereweleftoffyesterday.(介词后的宾语从句)Iwanttoknowwhenwewillholdthesportsmeet.I'minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.I’llgiveyouwhateveryouwant.(whatever有任何的意思)Mostofushateitwhensomeonetalkswithhismouthfulloffood.(it作形式宾语，真正的宾语从句是whensomeonetalkswithhismouthfulloffood.)TheoldcouplegavewhoeverattendedtheirDiamondWeddingAnniversarysomegiftstosharetheirhappiness.除what/that外其他引导词引导的表语从句Hiscarbrokedownonthewaythismorning.Thatwaswhyhewaslateforworktoday.Mymotherthinksthateverygirlshouldlearntodance,andthisiswhereIdisagree.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.ItisjustbecauseTomdoesn’tknowher.除that外其他引导词引导的同位语从句（仅需要了解）Eventodayscientistsstillhavenosolidevidencewhethertherearelivingcreaturesinouterspaceornot.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.Thequestionwhenweshallgooutingisnotclear.状语从句单句1.___Unless

____youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.2.____If_____wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.If引导条件状语从句句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。3.Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend____sothat_______theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.4.Allpeople,_whether_____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.5.Timisingoodshapephysicallyevenif/eventhoughhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.6.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unless_____accompaniedbyanadult.7.Howeverseriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.8.whateveraseriousproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.9.Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.10.Youmayusetheroomasyoulike_aslongas_____youcleanitupafterwards.11.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears__since____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.12.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening,__unless____youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.13.Itisalmostfiveyears____since___wesaweachotherlasttime.14.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework___when___hermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.15.__Although____thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.16.Itjustisn’tfair.__while____Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach...17.Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdo___aslongas___Iamhappy.18.Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?___if___itdoesn’train.19.___Evenif/eventhough_______youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.20.Theboywassotired___that_______hefellasleeponthebus.21.Hard____as/though_____hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.22.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday___evenif_______sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.23.We'redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou_____as______wecan.24.Mymotherwantstodecorateourroomsinamodemlook__while_____myfatherprefersatraditionalstyle.25.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople__until/till_____youfigureitout.26.Overtime,____as/when___thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.27.___As/When_____theaverageageofpopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.28.Ifbeyoumissthischance,itmayyears____before_____yougetanotherone.29.Thereisonlyonemoredaytogo____before_____yourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.30.___Though/Although/While_________birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.31.___Though/Although/While_______Idon'treallyliketheauthor,Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.32.___Unless______youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.33.Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficult___if____youkeeppracticingit.34.Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutside_____unless_____fullycoveredinthickclothes.35.________If______yous