2013年新中考题型串讲第5短文填空

第5

讲短文填空短文填空是2012

年广东中考出现的一个新题型，其特点是在一篇短文中留出10个空(首句不设空)，要求考生根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的

单词，一空只能填一个词(有些空的答案可能不是唯一的)。短

文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等，所选的文章一般都是考生比较熟悉的材料。短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查考生理解、推导、

分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力，而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了

他们对上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知

识记忆与再现能力。一、解题步骤1．跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。在通读过程中，若能够想到应该填什么的可以先直接填上，但后面要检查核对。复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。二、解题技巧做好短文填空题要求考生具备扎实的语法基础、理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空时可从以下几个方面着手：1．从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑。有的空必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什么单词。day.例(2012

年广东)I

have

had

a

lot

of

(73)

every“I

understand

that

it

is

important

to

do

my

homework”从而可确定填homework/schoolwork/work。解析根据短文可知此处需要填入一个名词，再根据下文2．从语法方面考虑。短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、冠词、介词和连词的选用等。例1 (2012

年广东)The

longer

the

holidays

are,

the(78)

homeworkIget.Ireallyfeelbadaboutit.解析根据句意可知要填形容词much

，又根据上文“Thelonger”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……越……”。故此处应填more。例2 (2012

年广东)I

am

looking forward

toa

holiday(79)

homework

so

that

I

can

relax

and

have

some

timefor

my

hobbies.解析

分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一个介词，与homework

一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“Ican

relax

and

have

some

time

for

my

hobbies”可知本空应填表示

“没有”作业的without。upsetthesedays.Ihave例3

(2012

年广东)I'm(71)

problem,...解析名词前面一般填冠词或形容词，句中已有I'mupset，解析such

as意为“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77

空填as。例(2012

年广东)I

almost

have

no

free time

for

myhobbies,

(77)

as

playing

volleyball

and

ping-pong.故可确定应填一个冠词。problem

在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词a。3．从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑。先易后难。在做题过程中遇到个别空格填不出的，可以适当跳过，待全部完成后，再考虑填不出的空格，这样未知的信息就越来越少。当明确空格的意思后，可以把与表达此意有关的词罗列出来，找出最好的和最有把握的词填进去。检查错误。在填完后，应该将短文重新审读一次，检查答案是否有不合题意的或有语法错误等。(一)2012年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Nov.

26,

2011,

Saturday

CloudyI

am

upset

these

days.I

have

(71)

problem,

and

I

donot

(72)

howtodealwithit.I

have

had

a

lot

of

(73)

every

day

since

I

became

aGrade

9

student.I

have

no

choice

but

to

do

it.I

often

stay

up

late

tofinish

it

and

then

feel

(74)

thenextday.(75)

I

understand

that

it

is

important

to

do

myhomework

and

(76)

itinontime,sometimesIstilldon'twant

to

do

so

much

homework.I

almost

have

no

free

time

for

myhobbies,

(77)

as playing

volleyball

and ping-pong.Theworst

thing

is

that

I

even

have

homework

on

weekends

andholidays.The

longer

the

holidays

are,

the

(78)

homeworkI

get.I

really

feel

bad

about

that.I

am

looking

forwardto

a

holiday

(79)

homework

sothat

I

can

relax

and

have

some

time

for

my

hobbies.What

should

Ido?

I

really

hope

that

someone

can

give

(80)

somesuggestions.I

am

sure

they

will

be

of

great

value

to

me.本文是一篇日记，主要写了一个孩子因为有太多作业而感到很累、不开心，他希望能够拥有一个没有作业的轻松假期，并希望有人能够给他一些建议。71.a

名词前面一般填冠词或形容词，句中已有

“I'mupset”，故可确定应填一个冠词。problem

在此是第一次提及故应用不定冠词a。72.know根据句意，此处应该是“我不知道怎样处理”，前面有“I

do

not”，所以后面应填know。73.homework/schoolwork/work根据短文可知此处需要填入一个名词，再根据下文“Iunderstand

that

it

isimportant

todo

my

homework”从而可确定填homework/schoolwork/work。tired/sleepy feel

是系动词，后面应接形容词，而根据上文分析，因为“我”经常熬夜完成作业，所以会感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填tired/sleepy。Although/Though

根据上下文的描述可知，本句应意为“虽然我知道做作业并按时上交作业很重要，但是有时我还是不想做太多的作业”。分析句子结构可知，此处填although/though。76.hand联系上下文可知，本句句意为“按时上交作业”。hand

in

上交，是固定搭配。77.such78.moresuch

as例如，是固定搭配。根据句意可知要填形容词much，又根据上文“The

longer”

可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……越……”。故此处应填more。79.without

分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一个介词，与homework

一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“I

can

relax

and

have

some

time

for

myhobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的without。80.me

根据句意，此处指“给我……”，空格前面是give，故空格处应该填宾格me。(二)2011

年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Li

Ming

is

a middle

school

student.His

15th

birthday

iscoming

on

(71)

3rd.Oneday,LiMingwalkedpasttheshoe

shop

at

the

street

corner.Once

again,

he

stopped

to

look

at

theshop

(72)

．He

felt

happy

to

see

the

shoes

that

hewantedvery

much

were

still

there.He

really

wanted

to

have(73)

for

his

birthday.Looking

down

at

his

old

shoes,

he

felt

sorry

forhimself.He

sadly

walked

away

and

thought

(74)

to

tell

hismother

about it.He

knew

shewould givehim

(75)

heliked

if

she

could.But

he

also

knew

very

well

she

had

little

moneyfor

that

￥

1299-Nike

Shoes.He

(76)

nottogohomeatonce,

as

he

didn't

want

to

upset

his

mother.So

he

went

to

the

parkand

sat

on the

(77)

.There

he

saw

a

girl

in

a

wheelchair.He

noticed

that

the

girl

(78)

the wheel

with

herhands.Li

Ming

watched

her

carefully

and

was

(79)

to

findthat

the girl

had

no

feet.He

looked

at

his

own

feet.“It's

much(80)

to be

without

shoes

than

without

feet.”hethought.There

was

noreason

for

himto

feel

so

sorry

andsad.Hew