（人工智能ChatGPT中学生新一代“芯”希望 中小学劳动新标准）-冲刺2023年中考英语必读时事热点

2023年中考英语必读时事热点(2)文章导读一、阅读理解：香港回归祖国二十五周年，取得哪些长足的进步。二、阅读理解：小小芯片，撬动了世界。那么你对芯片了解多少？三、阅读理解：未来可期！中学生立志成为新一代“芯”希望四、阅读理解：有“创意”的人工智能ChatGPT火爆全网,它究竟厉害在哪里？五、阅读回答问题:中国传统运动蹴鞠进校园。这鼓励着我去推广这项古老的运动六、阅读理解：去年教育提提出加强中小学生劳动教育。2022年秋又实施劳动教育的新标准。语法填空：美方对无人飞艇误入领空反应过度，中方强烈反对。八、书面表达:传统文化是国家和民族的灵魂，是社会进步的动力和源泉。作为新时代的少年，我们肩负弘扬传统文化，传承中华美德的重任。一、阅读理解OnJuly1,1997,HongKongwasformally(正式)handedbacktoChinaafteryearsofBritishcolonialrule(殖民统治).Atthesametime,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion(HKSAR，香港特别行政区)ofthePRCwassetup.Lastyearmarked(标志)the25thanniversaryofHongKong’sreturntothemotherland.Overthepast25years,HongKonghasseenhugechangesinmanyaspects

(方面)underthesupportofthecentralgovernment.●SportsAtthe2020TokyoSummerOlympics,EdgarCheungKa-long(张佳朗),fromHongKong,wonHongKong’sfirstgoldmedalsincethehandover.HissuccessshowsthefastdevelopmentofHongKongsports.HongKongfirstcompetedattheOlympicsin1952.Butitdidn’twinitsfirstmedaluntil1996.ItsbestperformancesofarwasattheTokyoOlympics.●ArtSinceitsreturntothemotherland,museumsandartgalleries(美术馆)inHongKonghavesprungup(涌现)likemushroomsafterrain.MainlandgalleriesbegancomingtoHongKongin2008.InternationalgalleriescametoHongKong,too.Famousauctionhouses(拍卖行)havealsosetupofficesinHongKong.●EducationEducationisthekeytotrainingtalents.Sincethehandover,educationfunding(资金)hasgoneupandfreeeducationhasbeenextended(扩展)fromnineyearsto15years.Anextrayearofstudywasaddedtotheundergraduatecurriculum

(课程),whichismainlydevoted

(致力于)togeneraleducation.Thenumberofcollegestudentshasincreasedbyone-third.

1.In2022,howmanyyearswasitsinceHongKongreturnedtoChina?A.23years.

B.24years.

C.25years.D.26years.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutHongKongsports?A.HongKongfirstcompetedattheOlympicsin1996.

B.HongKongsportshaveseenhugechangessince1997.C.HongKonghaditsbestperformancesofarattheTokyoOlympics.

D.EdgarCheungKa-longwonHongKong’sfirstmedalsincethehandover.

3.HowisthedevelopmentofartinHongKongsinceitsreturn?

A.Itisfast-growing.

B.Itisoutdated.

C.Itisindependent.

D.Itisnewborn.

4.WhyhasthenumberofcollegestudentsinHongKongincreasedalot?①Becauseeducationfundinghasgoneup.②Becausefreeeducationhasbeenextended.③Becausecollegeeducationisfree.④BecausepeopleinHongKongarerich.A.①②

B.①③

C.②③

D.③④5.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HongKongfacesnewchallengesB.SeeHongKong’sgrowthC.HongKongcomeshome

D.WhereHongKongwillgo【答案】CCAAB【解析】本文介绍香港回归祖国25周年从体育，艺术和文化方面取得的进步和发展。1.C细节理解题。C从开头香港1997年回归到2022年是香港回归25周年。答案选C2.C细节理解题。从HongKongfirstcompetedattheOlympicsin1952.Butitdidn’twinitsfirstmedaluntil1996.ItsbestperformancesofarwasattheTokyoOlympics.叙述中A与原文不符合错误，C正确。D香港第一块金牌1996年获得。张佳朗是2020年东京奥运会上获得金牌。故D错误。答案选C3.A推断题。从sprungup和likemushroomsafterrain.可知香港的艺术发展迅速。答案选A4.A细节理解题。香港求学的大学生增长其原因有提及：educationfunding(资金)hasgoneupandfreeeducationhasbeenextended(扩展)fromnineyearsto15years.答案选A。5.B主旨大意题。本文介绍香港回归祖国25周年从体育，艺术和文化方面取得的进步和发展。答案选B二、阅读理解Amicrochip(芯片)issmallerthanyourfingernail.ButItisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.Almostallmodernproductsusechiptechnology.Whataremicrochips?

Microchipsareverysmallelectronicdevices(设备)peopleusetostoreanddealwithinformation.Amicrochipisasetofinterconnectedelectroniccomponents(互联的电子元件)thatareimprinted(刻)onaverysmallchip.Asmicrochipshavesomanyconnectedcomponents,theyarealsocalledintegratedcircuits(集成电路).Therearetwomajortypesofmicrochips:logic(逻辑)chipsandmemorychips.Logicchipsarethe“brains”ofelectronicdevices–theydealwithinformationtocompleteatask.Memorychipsstoreinformation.

ApplicationandimportanceMicrochipsareineverythingelectricalfromcomputerstocellphones,TVs,cameras,cars,airplanes,appliances(家用电器)andmedicalequipment.MicrochipsarealsousedinGPStrackingdevicesandidentificationcards(身份证)andareusedtokeeptrackofactivitiesandinformation.

Microchipstakeandprocessdigitalinformationandmakeitusablestraightaway.Forexample,aCentralProcessingUnit(CPU),orprocessor,isthemainchipinacomputer.It’sresponsibleforcarryingoutallthecomputer’stasks.

Whataremicrochipsmadefrom?

Themainingredient(材料)formakingmicrochipsissilicon(硅).It’sachemicalelement(化学元素)thatcanbefoundinrocks,sand,clayandsoil.Siliconisasemiconductor(半导体),meaningthatitsconductiveproperties(导电性)canbeincreasedbymixingitwithothermaterials.Thismakesitpossibletoturnanelectricalcurrent(电流)onoroff.

Thesiliconusedtomakemicrochipsmostlycomesfromsilicasand,madeofsilicondioxide(二氧化硅).Helpfully,it’severywhere!It’sthesecondmostcommonelementonEarthafteroxygen(氧气).Howsmallcanmicrochipsbe?Onemicrochipissmallerthanabuttononyourshirtbutithasbillionsoftransistors.Soit’seasytounderstandjusthowsmallthefeaturesonachipneedtobe.Chipfeaturesaremeasuredinnanometers(纳米).Ananometerisonebillionth(十亿分之一)ofameter.Mostcomputerchipstodayuse10-nanometeror7-nanometerprocesstechnology,whilesomemanufacturersproduce5-nanometerchips.IBMhascreateda2-nanometerchip,thesmallestintheworld.

1.Whatisanothernameformicrochips?A.Potatochips.

B.Transistors.

C.Resistors.D.Integratedcircuits.

2.Whatcanmemorychipsdo?A.Processinformation.B.Storeinformation.C.Starttasks.D.Completetasks.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Ananometerisonebillionmeters.B.CPUcan’tfinishallthecomputer’stasks.C.TherearechipsinidentificationcardsD.Sofarone-nanometerchiphasbeenproduced.4.Whatdoesthearticletellus?A.Howchipsareproduced.B.Wherechipscomefrom.C.Whatarechipsandtheirimportanceandapplication.D.Howtousechips.【答案】DBCC【解析】芯片很小但是它是人类历史上最重要的发明，几乎所有现代化产品都使用芯片。本文介绍芯片的重要性及应用。1.D细节理解题。从第二段theyarealsocalledintegratedcircuits可知答案选D2.B细节理解题。从第三段Memorychipsstoreinformation.记忆芯片储存作用。答案选B3.C细节理解题。A错误。1纳米等于十亿分之一米。从ProcessingUnit(CPU),orprocessor,isthemainchipinacomputer.It’sresponsibleforcarryingoutallthecomputer’stasks.可知B错误。从第四段叙述可知我们的身份证里面有芯片。故C。从IBMhascreateda2-nanometerchip,thesmallestintheworld.知D错误。答案选C4.C主旨大意题。本文介绍芯片的重要性及应用。答案选C三、阅读理解Youmightthinkthatchipdesignisajobmeantonlyforresearchers’,butteenagerscantakeparttoo.OnAug28,atechnologyforum(论坛)aboutchipswasheldbytheInstituteofComputingTechnologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS,中科院).Amongallthepresenters(发言人)(whoweremainlyfromcollege),twohighschoolstudentsstoodout.TheywereYanYusongandHuangYi’anfromBeijing101MiddleSchool.BothofthemjoinedtheIntegratedCircuit(IC)Laboratory,whichwassetupbytheschoolandtheInstituteofComputingTechnologyoftheCASinMarch.Theyhavesharedacommongoal–tograduatefromhighschoolwithchipsthattheyhavedesignedthemselves.AccordingtoYan,chipdesignanddevelopmentrequiresdeepknowledgeofmathandcomputerscience.“Weneedtolearnmath,especiallydiscretemathematics(离散数学)well.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinbuildingthelogicalstructure(逻辑结构)ofthechipatamicrolevel.Atamacrolevel,weshouldknowaboutcomputerarchitecturedesign,thatis,howacomputerworks,likeVonNeumannarchitecture(冯诺依曼架构),”Aspiritofscientificexplorationisalsosomethingtheycan’tdowithout.Studentsinthelaboratoryarefreetodoself-studybasedontheirownneedsandinterests.Mostimportantly,they’reencouragedtosolveproblemsbythemselves.“Iftheproblemsremainunresolved(未解决的)afterItriedhard,IwouldthenturntomytutorsfromtheCASforhelp,whoarealwaystheretogivemepatientguidance(指导),”saidYan.Inthisway,Huanghaslearnedalotaboutdigitalcircuits(数字电路),microelectronics(微电子学)andmore.“Ithastrainedmetothinklikeanengineer,”hesaid.ThisshowsthattheChinesegovernmentistryingtodeveloplocaltalentsinthesemiconductorindustry.In2020,theStateCouncilsaidyestotheestablishment(建立)ofanICuniversityprogram.ThehopeisthatmoresupportwillgotoICeducation.Asforhisfutureplans,Yansaid,“I’llcontinuetobroaden(扩宽)myvision(视野)inuniversityandtrymybesttocontribute(贡献)tohumansociety!”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologyforumonAug28?A.Teenagerscannottakepartintheforum.B.ItwasheldbytheChineseAcademyofSciences.C.Mostofthepresenterswerefromhighschools.D.Thepresentersoftheforumwillworktogethertomakeachip.2.WhatisthesharedgoalbetweenYanYusongandHuangYi’an?A.Toselltheirownchipstosupportaschool.B.TotakepartintheIClabattheiruniversity.C.Tosetupalaboratoryfortheirschool.D.Tograduatewithchipstheydesignedthemselves.3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howtolearndiscretemathematics.B.Thelogicalstructureofchips.C.Whatchipdesignersneedtolearn.D.Therelationshipbetweenmathandcomputers.4.WhatistheICuniversityprogramfor?A.ToworkwithothercountriestodevelopICs.B.Toencouragemoreengineerstoworkinlabs.C.TosupportICeducationinChina.D.ToattractmoreICtalentsfromabroad.【答案】BDCC【解析】在中国芯片技术论坛上两位中学生脱颖而出，他们需要较深的数学和电脑知识，也需要科学探索精神。中国芯片业未来可期。1.B细节理解题。从第一段atechnologyforum(论坛)aboutchipswasheldbytheInstituteofComputingTechnologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS,中科院).可知答案选B2.D细节理解题。从第二段Theyhavesharedacommongoal–tograduatefromhighschoolwithchipsthattheyhavedesignedthemselves.答案选D3.C主旨大意题。从chipdesignanddevelopmentrequiresdeepknowledgeofmathandcomputerscience.答案选C4.C主旨大意题。从第七段可知，中国政府在大学建立芯片专业主要是为了发展本土芯片人才。支持中国芯片教育。答案选C四、阅读理解Typein“Acatwantstogotospace”andaskChatGPTtowriteabedtimestory.Justonesecondlater,you’llgetthestoryofMax,whoclawedhiswaypastmanydifficultiestosingamongthestars.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPThastakentheinternetbystorm,winning100millionuserssinceitcameoutinNovember2022.Peoplecanasktherobottowritestoriesandemails,createrecipes(食谱),translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.Initsownwords,itis“alanguagemodeltrainedininternettexttohelpusersgethuman-liketext.”ComparedwithSiriorotherchatbots(聊天机器人),ChatGPTusesamuchbiggerdatabase(数据库)fortraining.Italsousesstrongersoftwareandhardwaretolearnthingsbyitself.Forexample,ifitprovidesawronganswertoyourquestion,youcantellittherightoneanditwillmakecorrections.“It’satotallydifferentproduct,”computerscientistLiuXiaoguangfromNankaiUniversitytoldTianjinDaily.“TheknowledgelevelChatGPTshowsisequaltoanundergraduate(本科生)student.That’swhyitshockedtheworld.”ButonebigproblemwithChatGPTisthatitmakesmistakesorevengivesfake(虚假的)information.WhenRezza,a28-year-oldfromIndonesia,usedtherobottowriteanessay,it“gaveoutnonexistentacademiccitations(不存在的学术引用)”,hetoldTheGuardian.Sincetherobotistrainedusingwordsfromtheinternet,itcanalsopickupontheinternet’sbiases(偏见)aboutcertaingroups.Theseareallthingsthatneedtobedealtwith.1.Thecatstorywaswrittento_____.A.showwhatcreativeworkChatGPTcandoB.introduceacatthatwantstogotospaceC.introduceaseriesofbedtimebooksD.showhowrobotscreatestories2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanChatGPTdo?A.Makedishes.B.Singsongs.C.Translatetexts.D.Createnewlanguages.

3.WhatmakesChatGPTanexcellentchatbot?a.Itcanlearnthingsbyitself.b.Ithasabigdatabasefortraining.c.Itwon’tgivepeoplewronganswers.d.Itissmarterthananyundergraduatestudent.A.ab

B.ac

C.bc

D.bd

4.WhydoesChatGPTmakemistakes?A.Itlikesfakeinformationmore.B.Someofitsyounguserscannotuseitcorrectly.

C.Itscreatordoesn’tknowalltheanswers.

D.Itmaypickupwronginformationontheinternet.【答案】ACAD【解析】本文介绍火爆全网的人工智能ChatGPT具有一些“创新”能力。1.A细节理解题。文章开头用一个实例说明让人工智ChatGPT写一个故事，它一秒钟就能写出一个故事来。向读者介绍人工智能做创建性工作。答案选A2.C细节理解题。从第二段人工智ChatGPT能够做一些事情。从writestoriesandemails,createrecipes(食谱),translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.可知答案选C3.A细节理解题。从第三段ChatGPTusesamuchbiggerdatabase(数据库)fortraining.Italsousesstrongersoftwareandhardwaretolearnthingsbyitself。可知答案选A4.D推理判断题。从最后一段Sincetherobotistrainedusingwordsfromtheinternet,itcanalsopickupontheinternet’sbiases(偏见)aboutcertaingroups.因为人工智能使用的因特网的语言，他可能使用因特网内某些有偏见的信息。导致犯错。故答案选D五阅读理解ThoughtheFIFAWorldCupcametoanendinDecember2022,thepeopleofaparticular(特别的)cityinChinawerebusymakingsoccerhistoryoftheirown.ZiboinShandongprovinceiscalled“thehomeofsoccerball”,beingthebirthplaceoftheancientChinesesportofcuju.Cujuwonrecognition(认可)fromsoccer’sgoverningbody,FIFA,astheearliestformofsoccerin2004.“Side-flicking(叶底摘桃)”,“chestdown(燕归巢)”and“shoulderstopper(双肩背月)”aresomeofthekeymovesmastered(掌握)bycujuplayers.LiWeipeng,34,fromLinzidistrictofZibocityisaseventh-generationinheritor(传承人)ofcuju.Hehasbeenpracticingtheseskillsfor18years.Masteringdifferentcujuskillsisnoteasy.“Atthebeginning,Ispenteighthoursadaypracticingjuggling(颠)aball.Itwastiring,”LitoldChinaDaily.Heisnowabletojuggleaballwithhisfootover10,000timesinarow(连续地).TeachingstudentscujumovesisapartofLi’sjob.ThetraditionalChinesesportcujuisnowpopularatprimaryandmiddleschoolsinLinzi.Itsmoveshavebeenadapted(改编)intodancesandmorningexercises.“Studentsshowgreatinterestinplayingcuju,whichencouragesmetopromote(推广)theancientsport,”LitoldChinaDaily.Moreover,cujuhasalsobecomeaplatformforculturalexchanges.DuringtheWorldCupinQatar,LiintroducedcujuataChina-QataryouthexchangeactivityheldinDoha.HeledChineseandQatariyouthplayers,wearingtraditionalcujucostumes(服装),toexperiencetheancientgame.“Assoonaswestarted,manysoccerfansgatheredaroundus.Whenweplayedoutthedifferentmoves,theycheeredforusandgaveusthethumbs-up,”saidLi,addingthatmanypeoplewerecuriousandwantedtointeract(交流)withthecujuplayers.1.Whereisthebirthplaceofcuju?【答案】ZiboinShandongprovince.2.HowoldwasLiWeipengwhenhebegantolearncuju?【答案】16yearsold3.HowdidLiWeipengfeelwhenhefirstpracticedjugglingaball?【答案】Hefelttired4.WhatencouragesLitopromotecuju?【答案】Students’greatinterestinplayingcuju5.WhatdidLidoinDohatopromoteculturalexchange?【答案】LiintroducedcujuataChina-QataryouthexchangeactivityheldinDoha.六、阅读理解Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(修理家电)undernewrequirementsforlaboreducation.TheMinistryofEducation(MOE)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfromthe2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Laboreducationhelpsstudentsvaluehardwork.Itincludesthingslikehouseholdchores(家务),on-campuslaborandcommunityvolunteerservices.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisforthingslikeeverydaychores,includingcleaning,organizing,cooking,andusingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisproductivelabor,includingagriculture,makingtraditionalhandicrafts,andapplyingnewtechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandlasercutting(激光切割).Thethirdtypeisservicework,whichincludesvolunteerwork.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudying,andmanyhaveseenhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentscultivate(培养)socialvaluesanddevelopaninterestinlabor.Online,peoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.

LiuFang,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinBeijing,stronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shehastrainedherdaughterstodohouseholdchoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletthemshareresponsibilityasfamilymembersandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidLiu.“Throughdoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(协调),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax.”Throughsucheducation,Liusaidhertwinshavefoundfunindoingchoresandaremoreindependent.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewlaboreducationstandard?A.Itisforstudentsfromprimaryschooltocollege.

B.Studentscangetextracreditsfortakinglaborcourses.

C.Itstartedinthefallsemesterof2022.

D.Studentshavetotakethreelaborcourseseveryweek.2.Whatcanstudentslearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.

b.Howtoraisechickensorducks.

c.Howtobemorefocusedinclass.

d.Howtofixcomputersorfridges.A.abc

B.abd

C.bcd

D.acd3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Whystudentsshouldreceivelaboreducation.

B.WhatlaboreducationwaslikeinChinainthepast.

C.Thetypesoflaboreducationincludedinthenewstandard.D.Howstudentsfindabalancebetweentheirstudyandlabortasks.

4.WhatdoesLiuFangthinkoflaboreducation?A.It’stoosimpleforstudents.

B.Itisn’tfunenoughforstudents.

C.Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D.Ithelpsstudentsdevelopdifferentskills.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Newcoursesforprimaryschoolstudents.

B.Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C.Waystocultivatestudents’socialvalues.D.Newtechnologiesusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.

【答案】CBCDB【解析】本文着重介绍了教育部2022年秋季实施的劳动新标准的内容。1.C细节理解题。从第二段第一句Itstartedinthefallsemesterof2022.答案选C2.B细节理解题。从文中第一段和第四段可知答案选B3.C主旨大意题。从第四段教育部规定的学生劳动新标准包括三各方面。everydaychores日常琐事usingandmaintaininghomeappliances.使用和维护家用电器。productivelabor生产性劳动。所以第四段主要介绍新标准所包括的内容。答案选C4D.推理判断题。从Liufang所叙述中Throughdoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(协调),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax.”通过做家务，他们的手眼协调(协调),可以训练时间管理和组织技能，帮助他们放松心情也很好。可知答案选D5.B主旨大意题。本文着重介绍教育部劳动教育的实施的新标准。答案选B七、语法填空AChineseunmannedairship(无人飞艇)1.__________(see)intheairspace(领空)abovetheUnitedStatesearlythismonths.TheChineseForeignMinistryconfirmed2.____________Feb3thattheairshipisfromChina.Itisacivilianairship3.________isusedformeteorological(气象的)research.Itflewfarfrom4._________(it)plannedcoursebecause5._______windsfromthewestanditslimitedself-steering(自动控制)6._________(able).However,someUSpoliticians(政客)andmediaorganizations7.________(call)theairshipa“spy(间谍)balloon”.OnFeb4,theUSshotdowntheairship.Chinaexpressedstrongopposition(反对)totheuseofforce8___________(attack)theairship,theChineseForeignMinistrysaid.TheUSoverreacted(反应过度)and9.__________(serious)wentagainstthespiritofinternationallawandinternationalpractice,Vice-ForeignMinisterXieFengsaidonFeb5.SuXiaohuiisanassociateresearchfellow(副研究员)attheChinaInstituteofInternationalStudies.ShetoldChinaDailythattheairshipaccidentwashyped(炒作)amid(在……中)risingunfriendlinessintheUSpoliticalcircleagainstChina.ThereishugepressurefromUSlawmakers10_________(ask)Washingtontotakeatougherattitud