unit9TeachingListening公开课一等奖市赛课一等奖课件

Unit9

TeachingListeningOutline1.ListeningproblemsandEnglishsituations2.Thecharacteristicsofthelisteningprocess3.Theprinciplesandmodelsofteachinglistening4.ThecommonactivitiesinteachingEnglishITheimportanceofteachinglisteningListeningisoneofthefourbasicskillsofalanguage.ListeningisbecomingmoreandmorenecessarytounderstandspokenEnglishinmanysituations:face-to-faceconversationstelephonecallsbusinessmeetingsLecturesSpeechestelevisionTask1DifficultiesencounteredReasonswhyitisdifficultDifficultiesencounteredCannothearthewordscanhearbutcannotunderstandQuicklyforgetwhatisheard.NeglectthenextpartwhenthinkingaboutmeaningUnabletoformamentalrepresentationfromwordsheard.DonotunderstandsubsequentpartsofinputbecauseofearlierproblemsReasonswhyitisdifficultDifferentspeakersproducethesamesoundsindifferentways.(dialectsandaccents,stresses,rhythms,intonations,mispronunciations)Thespeedoftheinputofspokenmaterialcannotbecontrolled;Spokenmaterialisoftenheardonlyonce.Andthelistenercannotpausethespeakertoworkoutthemeaning.BackgroundnoiseDoothertasks,suchasnote-taking,writingdowndirectionsormessagesfromtelephonecalls.ReasonswhyitisdifficultListenerNeglectit’simportancedistractedPoorvocabularyLackofpracticeSpeakerSpeakingwaysspeedvolumeListeningmaterialUnfamiliartopics&wordsBackgroundinformationlength2.Whatdowelistentoineverydaylife?Task3:SituationswhereChinesepeoplemayneedtolistentoEnglish:(P138)3.Characteristicsofthelisteningprocess(P139)SpontaneityContextVisualcluesListener’sresponseSpeaker’sadjustment2)Context

Thecontextoflisteningisusuallyknowninreallife.Thesituationusuallyhelpsuspredictwhatwearegoingtohear.1)Spontaneity

Weoftenlistentopeoplespeakingspontaneouslyandinformallywithoutrehearsingwhattheyaregoingtosayaheadoftime.

3)VisualClue

Whilelistening,thespeakers’facialexpressions,gesturesandotherbodylanguagewillprovideusvisualclueswhichcanhelpusunderstandandpredictwhatwehear.

4)Listener’sresponse

Mostofthelisteningallowsthelistenertorespondsthespeaker,whethertheyunderstandornot.5)Speaker’s

adjustment

Thespeakercanadjustthewayofspeakingaccordingtothelistener’sreactions.

Principlesforteachinglistening1.Focusonprocess2.Combinelisteningwithotherskills3.Focusonthecomprehensionofmeaning4.Gradedifficultylevelappropriately1)typeoflanguageused2)taskorpurposeinlistening3)contextinwhichthelisteningoccursTask5(p.140)Principles(shortenedform)forselectingandusingactivities(Oxford1993:210)(p141)Theactivitiesmusthaveareal,communicativepurpose.Theactivitiesmustuseauthenticlanguagenormallyusedineverydaylife.Pre-reading-tasksmustbeusedtostimulatetheappropriatebackgroundknowledge&helpSsidentifythepurposeofthelisteningactivity.Thecontentispersonallyinterestingandmotivating.Thespeakermustbevisiblewheneverpossible.Theactivitiesmustoffermanyenvironmentalcluestomeaning.Thewholetextshouldbegiven,andthendividedintopartsthatcanberepeated.Principles(shortenedform)forselectingandusingactivities(Oxford1993:210)(p141)Attheend,thetextshouldbegivenagain,andtheSsshouldhavetheopportunitytodiscusstheirhypothesesandsoon.Theactivitiesmustrequirelistenerstorespondinsomemeaningfulfashion.Theactivitiesmustbefashionedforlistenerswithnormalknowledgetobeabletounderstandthetopic.Thetextmustbetypicalforitsownspeechtype.Theclassroomclimatemustbenon-threateningandpositive,andsimpleaffectivestrategiesshouldbeusedtoreduceanxietyifany.4.TheNatureoftheListeningProcessandtheListeningClasstop-downandbottom-upprocessingoperatesimultaneouslyinthelisteningprocess(Anderson&Lynch,1988;)----Interactivemodela.

Thebottom-upprocesslisteningisaprocessofdecodingthesoundsthatonehearsinalinearfashion,fromthesmallestmeaningfulunitstocompletetextsphonemicunitsaredecodedandlinkedtogethertoformwords,wordsarelinkedtogethertoformphrases,phrasesarelinkedtogethertoformutterances,andutterancesarelinkedtogethertoformcompletemeaningfultextsb.Thetop-downprocessthelisteneractivelyconstructstheoriginalmeaningofthespeakerthelistenerusespriorknowledgeofthecontextandsituationwithinwhichthelisteningtakesplacetomakesenseofwhatheorshehearsphrasesclausessentencestopbottomparagraphswordssound5.ListeningStrategiesListeningstrategiesaretechniquesoractivitiesthatcontributedirectlytothecomprehensionandrecalloflisteninginput.Top-downstrategies

arelistenerbased;thelistenertapsintobackgroundknowledgeofthetopic,thesituationorcontext,thetypeoftext,andthelanguage.listeningforthemainideapredictingdrawinginferencessummarizingBottom-upstrategies

aretextbased;thelistenerreliesonthelanguageinthemessage,thatis,thecombinationofsounds,words,andgrammarthatcreatesmeaning.Bottom-upstrategiesincludelisteningforspecificdetailsrecognizingcognatesrecognizingword-orderpatterns

6.ClassroomModelofTeachingListeningPre-listeningactivitiesWhile-listeningactivitiesAfter-listeningactivitiesPre-listening:Helpstudentspreparetolisten;While-listening:Guideandhelpstudentstocomprehendthetext.Post-listeninghelpthemtointegratewhattheylearnedfromthetextintoexistingknowledgeThreeteachingstagesLookatsomepicturesbeforelisteningtothepassage.Readthelisteningcomprehensionquestionsbeforelistening.Setthesceneforthestudentsbeforelistening.Listenforthegistofthepassage.Listenforspecificinformation.Pre-listening:Pre-listeningTosparkinterestandmotivatestudentstoattendtothespokenmessage:

Toactivateorbuildstudents'priortopicalandlinguisticknowledge:

Tosetpurposesforlistening:PredictingReadlisteningandcomprehensionLookattherelevantpicturesLookattherelevantpicturesWhatdoyouseeinthepicture?Whatisthegirldoing?Whataretheydoing?Wherearetheboys?Aretheytheclassmates?Settingthescene

Whydoweusethiskindofpre-listeningactivity?Exercise:WearegoingtolistentoapassageaboutBinLadenDead,howwouldyousetthescene?Thinkaboutit?AnswersProvidesomeofhisphotos.Providethevideoorreportabouthisdeath.Tellabouthisstory.Discusshimingroupamongtheclassmates.……拉登之死,全美狂欢report美国总统奥巴马宣告，世界头号恐怖分子通缉犯、基地组织领导人本.拉登在巴基斯坦境内一座建筑被美军击毙。星期天晚上，奥巴马在白宫刊登全国讲话时说，一小队美国人在伊斯兰堡以北一种富裕地域阿伯塔巴德执行了这次有锁定目旳旳行动。他说，美军在交火后打死了拉登，并掌握了他旳尸体。奥巴马将这一发展称为打败基地组织使命旳“最主要成就”。他说，本拉登旳死亡应受到全部信仰和平和人类尊严人旳欢迎。他说：“正义得到了伸张。”在一次新闻公布会上，奥巴马政府称这次攻击是一种复杂、危险旳任务。一位官员说，美国并没有与任何其他国家分享有关这次攻击旳情报，美国政府旳极少数人事先懂得这个计划。一位官员称那个建筑备有“特殊”旳保安措施，其中涉及两道安全门和三、四米高旳围墙，上面设有铁丝网。本拉登被打死发生在基地组织组员2023年9月11日发动劫难性攻击近23年之后。近3000人在那些攻击中遇难。奥巴马说，本拉登不是一种穆斯林领袖，而是一种“屠杀穆斯林旳凶手”。奥巴马总统说，在巴基斯坦情报部门旳帮助下找到了本拉登，并在对一条情报线索追踪数月之后，他授权采用了这一行动。Listeningforthegist

ExerciseListeningthenansweringthefollowingquestion:What’sthispassagetalkabout?AboutBinLaden’sdeath.Listeningforspecificinformation

While-listening:Listenandtick:Listsomeobjects.Thenaskstudentstolistenandtick.Listenandsequence:Listenandnumber;listenandmatchListenandact:“Simonsays…”,listenandpoint.Listenanddraw:listenandcolor.ListenandfillListenandfindoutListenandguessWhile-Listening:InterpretingSpeechandConstructingMeaning

Tofosterstudents'comprehensionofthespeaker'slanguageandideas:Tofocusstudents'attentiononsuchthingsasthespeaker'sorganizationalpatterns:

Toencouragestudents'criticalreactionsandpersonalresponsestothespeaker'sideasanduseoflanguage:TrueoffalseMultiplechoicequestionsAnsweringquestionsNote-takingandgap-fillingCompletethedialogue…Post-listeningPost-listening:Responding,Reflecting,andReconstructingUnderstandingToexaminerelationshipsbetweenpriorknowledgeandexperience,andnewideasandinformationgainedfromthespeakerordiscussionToinviteandencouragestudentreflectionandresponse:ToclarifyandextendcomprehensionbeyondtheliteralleveltotheinterpretiveandcriticallevelslisteningClassClassroomModelofListeningPre-listeningactivitiesWhile-listeningactivitiesPost-listeningactivitiesIntroductionTitleguessingQuestionsDiscussionsKeywordsVisualaidsSyntacticproblemsDiscourseproblemsSocialproblemsCulturalproblemsListeningStrategiesWritingorreadingactivitiesComprehensioncheck-upOralreproductionWrittenreproductionOutsidelisteningTestinglisteningClassTechniquesf