外文文献及翻译-压缩机,泵,制冷工程_第1页
外文文献及翻译-压缩机,泵,制冷工程_第2页
外文文献及翻译-压缩机,泵,制冷工程_第3页
外文文献及翻译-压缩机,泵,制冷工程_第4页
外文文献及翻译-压缩机,泵,制冷工程_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩16页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

外文翻译ChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,Vol.40,Nos.11–12,2004COMPRESSORS,PUMPS,REFRIGERATIONENGINEERINGUPDATINGPISTONPUMPSFOROILPRODUCTIONB.S.Zakharov,1G.N.Sharikov,2andE.G.Kormishin2Thethree-plungeracidtreatmentpumpSIN32andthetwo-cylinderdouble-actingpumpNPTs-32with four working chambers(for cementing units) havebeenupdatedtocontrolpumpdelivery. Thefluiddeliverydiagramsforpumpsofvariousdesigns areexaminedandthetestresultsarereported.Indrilling andoil production, single-acting three-plunger (triplex) pumpsordouble-actingtwo-cylinder(duplex)pumpsareused.Ininjectingreagents(claydrillingmud,water,cement,acid,etc.)intowells,dependingonthetechnologyapplied ,itisrequiredtoinjectthefluidinamountsranging fromthemaximumtotheminimuminasingle operation. If thebedacceptstheinjectedfluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytomaximizepumpdeliveryforquickcompletionoftheoperation.Ifontheotherhand,thebeddoesnotaccept thefluid well, itbecomes necessaryto reducepumpdelivery soastorestrict theinjection pressure tothesafelimit. Atpresent,because ofwearofwell(down-hole)equipment,thepermissibleinjectionpressureisnothigherthan10 –15MPa..Thedeliveryofapiston(reciprocating)oraplunger(displacement)typeofpumpcanbecontrolledinthefollowingways:第1 页共21 页外文翻译byinstallingseveralpumpswithidenticalordifferentpumpingcapacities;bychangingthedriverotationspeed;byusingcylinders(plungers)oftherequiredsize;bychannelingapartofthefluidintoabypass;andbydismountingoneorseveralvalves.Thefirstversionisusedessentiallyindrilling.Inoilproduction,generallyallversionsareusedeitherindividuallyorinsomecombination.Allpumpingunitsdesignedforinjectionofvariousfluids(fluidalmaterials)forcementing,hydraulicformationfracturing,hydraulicsand-jetflushingofsandbridges,andotherflushingoperationsinoilandgaswellsaremountedonthechassisofmotorvehicles(trucks),tractors,caterpillar(tracked)carriers,andspeciallymadecarriages.Theoperatingparametersofthepumps(deliveryandinjectionpressure)dependonthepowerofthedriveandmaximumandminimumspeedoftheengineandthepump.Thepumpdeliverycanbechangedbychangingthenumberofpumpstrokeswithoutstoppingtheenginewiththehelpofagearbox(bygearshifting)andwithstoppingoftheenginebyinstallingcylindersoftherequiredsize.Replacementofthecylinderstakesalotoftimeandisnotalwayspossibleinacontinuousechnologicalprocess.Intheexistingpumpingplants,thedeliveryvariationrangeisinadequate.Attheminimumrotationspeedandcylinderdiameter,thedeliveryremainsextremelyhigh,andforinjectingthefluidintothebedthepressurehastoberaisedabovewhatispermissible.第2 页共21 页外文翻译AssignedbyNGDUZainskneft’,ékogermetcarried outupdating oftwotypesofpumps,namely,SIN32andNPTs-32.Inthethree-plunger (triplex) acidtreatment pumpSIN32,for reducing theminimumdeliverydownto1.0m3/h,plungershavingadiameterof125mmwerereplacedwithplungers havinga diameterof 55mm.Asaresult,the theoreticalpumpdelivery wasreducedfrom16downto3.3m3/h.Further reduction ofthepumpdeliverywasachievedbyreducingtherotationspeedofthevehicleenginetothepossibleminimum(500 –600rpm).Simultaneously with this, anewdesignofpackingglands(sealing devices)ofplungersof theUPN55typewasdeveloped.ItwasbasedonZakharovmechanicalseal[1], whichdemonstratedhighreliability anddurability insucker-rod (oil)pumps.Thesealingunitsandthepistonswithadiameterof55mmweremadefortheSIN32pumpbyéLKAMneftemashinPerm.ItsfinishingandtestingweredonebyékogermetjointlywithNGDUZainskneft ’.ThedesignoftheUPN55-typeplungersealisshowninFig.1.Thecombinedsealconsistsofthemainthreestagemechanicalseal 4andanelasticsealing第3 页共21 页外文翻译collar2.Eachstageofthemechanicalsealconsistsoftenringsthatareelasticallypressedagainsteachotherandsimultaneouslyagainsttheplungersurface.Theringsarepressedagainsttheplungerinpairsfromtheoppositesides.Thenextpairisturnedrelativetotheprecedingoneby90o.Theringsarepressedintheaxialdirectionbyrubberringsofroundcrosssectionandintheradialdirection,byrubbergirdleswitheccentriccollars.Theplunger5ismadeofsteel45andischromium-platedandthesealingringsareofbronze.Threecartridgeswithmechanicalsealswereinstalledinthehousingbore3withaclearancethathelpsself-centeringofthesealsrelativetotheplunger.Thecartridgesarepressedtogetherbyaroundnut1throughabushingwiththesealingcollar2.Thereareholesinthehousingforinjectingoilanddrainingouttheoverflowintothereceiving(suction)lineofthepump.Incontrasttothewell-knownelasticglands,themechanicalsealdoesnotrequireperiodicadjustmentsandensuresreliableoperationoftheassemblyoveralongperiod[2].UseoftheupdatedSIN32pumphavingaUPN55typeofmechanicalplungersealsconfirmedthattheproposeddesignoperationallyfit.FromAugustthroughDecember2003,NGDUZainskneft’carriedoutsevenbottom-holetreatments(BHT)ofsixwellsusingtheupdatedSIN32pump.Differenttypesoftechnologicaloperationswerecarriedoutinthewells:mudacidBHT,muriatic(hydrochloric)acidBHT,injectionofthereagentsSNPKh-9021,MIAPROM,andRMD,forwhichSIN32andATs-32pumpingunitsweregenerallyused.Ifacidoranyotherreagentcouldnotbeforcedthrough(injected)at12–15MPapressure,alow-capacityunitwasconnectedwiththeSIN32pump.Inthatcase,theinjectionpressuredroppedby2–4MPa。Injectionwascompletedatthethird-gearspeedoftheengine.第4 页共21 页外文翻译TheNGDUtechnologists believe that connecting alow-delivery unit withanSIN32pumpoffersthefollowingadvantages:?possibility for continuous injection ofacidsandreagents incaseoflowintake capacity ofthebedandfor prevention ofopeningupofthefractures(hydraulicfracturing)ofthecollectorandexcessiveriseinflowstringtestingpressure;extendedoperatinglifeoftheflowstringbyvirtueofpressurestabilizationduringinjection;andactionoftheacidthroughouttheperforationperiodandmorecompletereactionwiththerockwhentheacidinfiltratesthebed.SincethemaximallypossibledeliveryoftheSIN32pumpisreducedatleastfivefold,NGDUZainskneft’proposedtoperformallBHTsbyinjectingacidsintothebedwiththeaidofalow-capacityunitandallotheroperations,withastandardunit.Inthatcase,however,itwouldbenecessarytoplaceinthewell,insteadofone,twounits,whichhavetobehandled,bytwoteams,i.e.,itwillentailadditionalmanpowerandcosts.Moreover,alow-capacityunitisnotalways第5 页共21 页外文翻译fullyutilized(doesnotoperatetofullcapacity)andoftenstalls.Thus,foraspecificsizeofthecylinderitisnecessarytoreducethepumpdeliverydowntotheminimumand,consequently,tobroadentherangeofcontrolofthepumpcapacitytowarditsreductionwhilemaintainingmaximallypossibledelivery.Inmultichamberpumps,thisissueisresolvedbyshuttingdown(disengaging)oneorseveralworkingchambers.Induplexplungerpumps,disengagingoneortwochamberswillcausesignificantlyunevendelivery,hydraulicshocks,disruptionofthebalanceofloadsonthedrive,andfailureofthepump.Indouble-acting two-cylinder (duplex)pumpshavingfourworkingchambersoftheNPTs-32(9T)type,whichareinstalled,forexample,inATs-32cementingunits,thedeliverycanbereducedbydisengagingtworodchambers,whichisachievedbyremovingtwodelivery(pressure)valves(Fig.2).ThedeliveryoftheNPTs-32typeofpump(duplex)havingfourchambersisQ=2(2F–?)Sn,whereFisthecross-sectionalareaofthecylinderwithadiameterDc,dm2;?isthecross-sectionalareaoftherodwithadiameterdr,dm2;Sisthestrokelength,dm;andnisthenumberofdoublestrokesperminute.Ifthedelivery(pressure)valvesareremovedfromtherodchambers,thefour-chamberpumpturnsintoatwo-chamberonewithdifferentiallyactingcylinders.ThedeliveryofsuchapumpQ1=2FSn.第6 页共21 页外文翻译Ifthevalvesfromthefrontchambersareremoved,thepumpdeliverycanbedeterminedbytheequationQF–Sn2=2(?).Reductionofdeliverybydisengagingtherear(rod)chambersdependsonthefactork1=(2–?/F)andbydisengagingthefrontchambers,onthefactork2=[2+?/(F–?)].Itcanbereadilyseenthatforreducingdeliverythefrontchambershavetobedisengaged.However,theoryandpracticeshowthatdisengagementoftherodchambersismoreadvisable.Thus,inNPTs-32typeofpumphavingcylindersof90,100,115,and127mmdiameterandrodsof45mmdiameterthedeliverycanbereduced1.75–1.87timesbyremovingthevalvesfromtherodchambers.Atlowloads(pressuredropnotmorethan15MPaandminimaldelivery),theengineofthemotorvehicleKrAZ-250canrunsteadilyatarotationspeedof550rpm.Inthesecondgearwithminimumenginerotationspeed,thedeliveryofapumpwithacylinderof90mm第7 页共21 页外文翻译diametercanbereduceddownto1.0m3/h.UnliketheSIN32pump,thedeliveryoftheNPTs-32pumpcanbecontrolledduringthetechnologicaloperationandreducingorraisingthedeliverycanchangethepumpoutput.Removalandinstallationoftwovalvesdonottaketoolong.Letusseehowtheuniformityofpumpdeliverywillchangeuponremovalofthevalves.Itiswellknownthattheinstantaneousoutputofasingle-cylindersingle-actingpumpisq=Frsin=0.5FSsinwhereristheradiusofthecrankandisthecrankshaft-turningangle.Theratioofthemaximuminstantaneousdeliverytotheaveragedeliveryofthepumpiscalledcoefficientofdeliverynonuniformity:=Qmax/Qav.Theaveragedeliveryofafour-chamberpumpinoneturnofthecrankQav=2(2F–?)S·3.14./2Themaximuminstantaneousdeliveryofapumphavingfourchambersandcranksturningata90°angle(Fig.3a)Qmax=FSsin45°=0.7FS.FortheNPTs-32typeofduplexpump(D–d=1.25–1.17.c=90127mmandr=45mm),Afterthis,asthedelivery(pressure)valvesareremovedfromtherodchambers,theaveragedeliveryofatwo-chamberdifferential(differentially-acting)pump(Fig.3bQFS·3.14=FS)av=2/2/3.14.Forsuchpumps,themaximuminstantaneousdeliveryQmax=(F–?)Ssin45°=0.7(F–?)S;=1.65–1.91.Forallothertypesofdeliveryvariationonaccountofremovalofvalves(insuccession,allfrontpressurevalvesorcrosswise,oneofthefrontchambersandanotheroftherodchambersinanothercylinder),thecoefficientwillbemuchhigher.Ingeneral,indifferentialpumps,toreducethenonuniformity第8 页共21 页外文翻译inthepumpdelivery,theroddiameterissochosenthatitscross-sectionalareaishalfthatofthecylinder,i.e.,?=0.5F.Inthatcase,thedeliverynonuniformitycoefficientwillbethelowestfortwo-cylinderdifferentialpumps:FS·3.14/FS=1.099.Foreachcylinder,inordertogetthecoefficient=1.099,itwillbenecessarytomakearodofafixeddiameter(63,70,80,and90mm,respectively).Butthen,ifthepumpoperateswithallthevalves,therewillbeasubstantialincreaseindeliverynonuniformityanddecreaseinpumpdelivery.IftheNPTs-32pumpisrequiredtooperateintwomodes,itisperhapsadvisabletomakearodof55mmdiameter(forcylindersof90and100mmdiameter)andof70mmdiameter(forcylindersof115and127mmdiameter).Inthatcase,thedeliverynonuniformitycoefficientwillbeidenticalforbothmodesofpumpoperation:1.35–1.38.Thetheoreticalpumpdeliveryonaccountofincreaseinthediameteroftherodinaduplex-typepumpwilldecreaseroughlyby10%.Letusseehowthedeliverynonuniformitywillchangeifthepressure(delivery)valvesareremovedfromthefrontchambers(Fig.3c).Thedelivery,aswasnoticedearlier,willdecreasemorethantwofold.Theaveragedeliveryofaseries-producedNPTs-32pumpoperatingwithtworod-chambersisQav=2(F–?)S/2·3.14=(0.75–0.87)FS/3.14.Themaximuminstantaneouspumpdelivery(forwardstroke)isQmax=FSsin45°=0.7FS.Theminimuminstantaneousdelivery(backstroke)isQFS°=0.7FS=0.7(0.25–FSmin=sin450.125).Thedeliverynonuniformitycoefficientis=(Qmax+Qmin)/Qav=3.87–3.45.Iftheroddiameterofsuchadifferentialpumpisincreased,thedelivery第9 页共21 页外文翻译nonuniformity will increase further and,therefore, it will benecessarytoremovevalvesonlyfromtherodchambers.Inseries-produced NPTs-32typeofpumpshavingfour workingchambers,thenonuniformity ofthefluid flow inthedelivery (pressure) andsuction (intake)lineswillbeidenticalandwilldependontheroddiameter.Thesmallerthecrosssectionalareaoftherod,thegreaterwillthefluidflowuniformitybe.Inthesuction (intake) line ofadifferential pump,theflownonuniformityincreasesconsiderablybecauseonlytwochambersoperateandthecranksofthecrankshaftareturnedbynot180 °,asisusualforsingle -actingtwo-cylinder(duplex) pumps,butby90 °.Thedelivery nonuniformity coefficient inthis casewill be =Qmax/Qav=2.199.Suctionconditionsofdifferentialpumps,justasofallothertypesofpistonpumps,canbeimprovedbyinstallingairsuctionsurgechambersinthesuctionlineandplacingthefluidtanksabovethepumpingunit.AnNPTs-32typeof differential pumpwastestedinfield conditionsin twomodes:withtwofrontworkingchambers(thedeliveryvalveswereremovedfromtherodchambers)andwithtworearrodchambers(thedelivery valveswereremovedfromthefrontchambers).Duringthetests,thedelivery Qandthepressure pweremeasuredatvarious rates. Cylinders withadiameterof115mmandrodswithadiameterof45mmwereinstalledinthepump.ThetestresultsarereportedinTables1and2,respectively.第10 页共21 页外文翻译Thetests ofthedifferential pumpwereperformedintwowells. Inonewell(Table1),theresidualpressurewas10MPaandintheother(Table2),5MPa.Itis evident fromTable1thatthe measureddeliveriesare inaccord withthecalculatedwithdueregardforthevolumetricefficiency.Theaveragevolumetric efficiency ofthepumpoperating atthesecond-gearspeedis0.77andatthethirdgearspeed,0.65.Withincreaseoftherotationspeed,thevolumetricefficiencydecreasesandpressure fluctuations rise from5to30%.Inspite ofhighdelivery第11 页共21 页外文翻译nonuniformitycoefficient( =1.86),thepumpfunctionedsatisfactorily.It follows fromTable2that themeasureddeliveries arenotalwaysinaccordwiththecalculated.Thisissobecauseofwidepressurefluctuations(from70to550%)inthe delivery(pressure) line.Accurate measurementoftherotationspeedofanengineatsuchpressurefluctuationsispracticallyimpossible.Thus,it isprovedboththeoretically andbymeasurementsthat aduplextypeofpumpcanbeconvertedtoadifferentialoneonlybyremovingthedelivery(pressure)valvesfromtherodchamber.Inthisregard,inordertoreducethedeliverynonuniformityofanNPTs-32 typeof pump,itis necessarythatthe roddiameterbe55or70mm,dependingonthediameterofthecylinder.Basedonthestudies madeandtheoperational dataobtained, thefollowingstepsmayberecommendedforimprovingtheseries-producedNPTs-32pump:tomakepumpwithrodoftwodiameters,namely,55and70mm;todesignvalvesystemwithoptionfordisengagingitautomaticallyormanuallywithoutdisassemblingthepump[3];and?todesignpistonandrodsystemshavingmechanicalsea ls.REFERENCESB.S.Zakharov,PistonandPlungerPumpsforOilProduction[inRussian],OAOVNIIOéNG,Moscow(2002),p.52.N.G.Ibragimov,G.N.Sharikov,E.G.Kormishin,andB.S.Zakharov,ApplicationforInventionNo.2003125236.MechanicalSealofPlungerPump [inRussian],2003.3.N.G.Ibragimov,G.N.Sharikov,E.G.Kormishin,V.S.Isakov,andB.S.Zakharov, ApplicationforUseableModelNo.2004119790.Two-CylinderPistonPump [inRussian].第12 页共21 页外文翻译译文化工和石油工程 卷40第11刊C12,2004压缩机,泵,制冷工程最新式的活塞泵专用油产品B.S.Zakharov,G.N.Sharikov, 和EGKormishin2SIN32 酸处理泵的三缸柱塞泵和两缸双作用泵的工作 NPTs-32与四室(对影响固井优质率的单位)已经被更新,以便控制泵流量。用于各种流体输送泵的设计图进行检查和测试结果的报告。在钻井和石油生产中,单作用三柱塞(三缸)泵或双作用两缸(双面)泵的使用。在注射试剂(粘土钻井泥浆、水、水泥、酸等)到油井里,凭借自身的技术应用型£ ?则需注入流体总量从最高到最低限度在一次操作步骤里面。假如机架注入流畅的流体,有必要最大限度的对泵的排量的操作快速完成。如果在另一方面,机架未能接受良好的流体,有必要以减少泵排量,以限制注射压力,控制在安全范围内。目前,由于井(井下)设备的磨损,其允许注射的压力不高于10到15兆帕..一个活塞(往复式)或柱塞(位移)类型的泵可控制在以下几个方面:?通过安装几组具有相同或不同能力的泵获得不同的泵输送能力 ;?通过改变驱动旋转转速 ;?通过改变泵要求的要求的气缸(活塞)的尺寸;?通过引导到一部分流体到一个旁路,?用一个或几个拆装阀。第一个版本主要用于钻井。在石油生产中,一般都使用单独或在某些组合的版本。所有的抽油机设计各种液体注射 fluidal) 对影响固井优质率的材料 所有抽油机组注入各种流体(流体材料)泥浆,水力压裂,液压砂喷射冲洗,及其他石油和天然气井的作业是安装在汽车(卡车)机箱,拖拉机,卡特彼勒(跟踪)载流子,和特制的车厢。第13 页共21 页外文翻译泵的(流量和注射压力)的操作参数取决于驱动器和发动机和泵最高和最小高动力。该泵流量的改变可以通过齿轮变速器(通过齿轮位移)在不停止发动机的情况下改变其泵的冲程,并在发动机停止时可通过安装所需气缸尺寸调节排量。对柱塞更换需要花费很多时间,柱塞的更换往往具有不可连续性。在现有的泵机装置,流量的变化范围是不够规范的。以最低转速和最小气缸直径、排量仍非常高,并注入底座流体的压力将高于可允许的范围。图1.UPN55-type密封相结合的SIN32柱塞泵由NGDUZainskneft,kogermet进行了两种类型的泵的更新,即SIN32和NPTs-32.在三柱塞(三缸)酸处理泵SIN32排量减少到最低1.0流量立方米/小时,柱塞直径125毫米,替换为活塞直径55毫米。以至于,泵理论输送率从16下降到3.3立方米/小时泵的流量进一步减少,通过减少发动机转速到可能的最低速度(500到600每分钟转速)。同时,随着这一点,一种有关于填函料(密封装置)新的设计得到发展。正是以扎哈罗夫的机械密封[1]为基础,这展示了高可靠性和耐久性抽油杆(油)泵。密封装置和一个55毫米直径的活塞为SIN32泵|LKAMneftemash而做最终的完成和测试测试由kogermet和NGDUZainskneft完成。该UPN55型柱塞密封设计如图1所示联合后的阀座主要由 threestage机械密封4和弹第14 页共21 页外文翻译性密封轴环2组成。机械密封的每个阶段都包括十个弹性环,同时对柱塞表面施加压力。密封环挤压在柱塞的两个对侧面。接下来的一对相对于原来的转一个90度。环是压在圆截面橡胶圈轴向和径向方向,通过橡胶环束缚轴偏心。柱塞5是由45号钢,是镀铬和密封环镀铜组成的。三组机械密封盒安装在箱体钻孔部位3,以利于泵的自动定心。使用这个方案被压在一起的一个圆螺母1通过套管与密封圈2结合。有孔的外壳注入了石油终止啦泵输出端的溢流。相较于著名的弹性汽封,机械密封不需定期调整,这确保了程序长期可靠的运行 [2]。使用最新的SIN32机械柱塞泵证实,拟议的设计密封 UPN55类型在操作上是了可行的。从八月到2003年12月NGDUZainskneft完成了7井底的六口井的处理(BHT)使用的最新SIN32泵。不同类型的操作技术,进行了井:泥酸甲苯,盐酸(盐酸)酸甲苯,试剂的SNPKh-9021注射,MIAPROM和RMD,为此SIN32和ATS-32抽油机被普遍使用。如果酸或任何其他试剂无法通过(注入)在12-15MPa的压力下,低容量的装置将与SIN32泵相连接。在这种情况下,注射压力下降2-4兆帕?注射操作在发动机的第三档速度完成。图2.液压原理图的一部分:a)两缸泵和四个工作腔(双);与differentially-acting圆柱体,1)前面(头)工作室(横截面积F);2)后方(杆)室(横截面积F-?);3)压力(交货)阀;4)吸(摄入)阀门;(5)杆截面?)。TheNGDU技术专家认为,连接带有低配送单位的 SIN32泵将提供下列优点:第15 页共21 页外文翻译?连续注入的可能性酸试剂 ,并在试剂如果较低的注射入机构 ,在防治过大的破损(水力压裂)的情况下和过度上涨压力下 ,测试出流量的压力。?凭借稳定的压力可以延长注射液管柱使用寿命 ;及?在整个行动期间,穿孔与摇晃时,酸试剂更完整的浸润机构。此后SIN32泵最大可能减少五倍流量, NGDUZainskneft提出了一种通过注射执行所有BHTs酸借助于一个low-capacity单元和所有其他操作,与标准件在这种情况下,然而,也有必要放置好,代替一个,两个单元,它们必须处理两队的,也就是说,它将需要额外的人力及成本此外,低容量的单位并不总是被充分利用(不运作满负荷),往往不起作用。因此,对于一个特定大小的气缸,有必要以减少泵输出到最低限度,因此,以拓展其在减少对泵流量能力的控制范围,同时最大可能的保持限度的泵流量。在多室泵,这个问题停止(分离)了一个或多个工作线程。在双缸柱塞泵,脱离一个或两个分庭将造成明显不均匀排量,液压冲击,扰乱了驱动器上的负载平衡,导致泵的故障。在双动两缸(双面),有四个工作腔32(9齿)类型已经安装。比方说,在ATS32固井单位,排量可通过减少分离两柱塞杆,从而降低两个阀流量(压力)(图2)。NPTs-32型泵流量(双面),有四个腔室,是其中F是DM2的汽缸横截面面积;f是活塞杆横截面面积,S为行程长度,n为每分钟双笔画数。如果流量(压力)阀从活塞杆上移除,那么四腔泵变成两个间隔不同的气缸。这种输出泵Q1=2FSn。第16 页共21 页外文翻译图3. 图中的液体交付的活塞泵 :1)duplex-type 和b,c)differential-type( 当前面和杆工作腔,分别在运作)。如果正面的阀门被移除后,泵输送可以由第二方程式减少泵排量取决于系数k1=(2–?/F)和k2=[2+?/(F–?)]。它可以很容易地看出,对于减少排量是被分离开的。然而,理论和实践表明,活塞杆脱离是更明智的。因此,泵NPTs-32型气缸具有90,100,115,127毫米和45毫米直径杆可减少泵排量通过移除活塞杆气阀1.75-1.87个杆长。在低负载(压力降不超过15MPa和最小的流量),对发动机KrAZ-250可以稳固的运行在550rpm的发动机转速。在与发动机转速最低第二齿轮,泵用的90毫米直径圆筒传递会降到1.0立方米/小时不像SIN32泵,NPTs-32泵输送过程中可以控制技术操作,降低或提高流量可以改变泵的输出。拆除和安装两个阀门不要太长。第17 页共21 页外文翻译让我们看看如何改变泵的输送均匀性在阀门切除后的情况下。众所周知,一个单缸单动泵瞬时输出其中r是曲柄半径是曲轴转角。的最大瞬间传递到泵的平均流量的比率称为流量不均匀系数:一个四腔泵于一体的平均流量转曲轴 Qav=2(2F–?)S/2·3.14.一个有四个腔室的泵的最大瞬时流量,曲柄旋转在90正负角(图3a)Qmax=FSsin45°=0.7FS.转向。NPTs-32型双缸泵(直流=90°C127毫米和博士=45毫米),在此之后,由于流量(压力)阀将从杆上移除,一个差异双缸(差异效)泵(图3b)Qav=2FS/2·3.14=FS/3.14.对于这样的泵,最大瞬时流量全部其他类型的流量变化对移除阀(接着,所有前压力阀或横向来看,正面的腔室和另一杆的腔室的另一个气缸)系数的较其他类型将高得多。一般来说,不同的泵,减少泵输出的不均匀性,杆直径是精心设计过的,其横截面面积是气缸的一半,即f=0.5F。在这种情况下,输出的不均匀系数将是两缸泵的最低差:对于每个气缸,为了得到系数?? =1.099,有必要做一个固定的直径(分别为63,70,80和90毫米)的杆。但是,如果泵所有的阀门运行,将会大幅增加流量不均匀性和泵输出下降。如果NPTs-32型泵需要在两种模式下运行,这可能最可取的直径是55毫米(90缸,100毫米直径)和活塞杆直径70毫米(为115汽缸直径127毫米)。在这种情况下,泵输出的不均匀系数,在两种运行模式下将是完全相同的:关于从理论上增加泵杆的直径为一个双缸型泵流量将减少 10%。让我们来看看如何导致泵流量的不均匀性的改变,如果压力(流量)阀是从(图3C)的腔室移除。流量,正如先前发现,将减少超过两倍多。第18 页共21 页外文翻译一个系列生产的 NPTs-32泵的工作有两个杆腔室平均流量Qav=2(F–?)S·3.14=(0.75–0.87)FS/2/3.14.最大瞬时泵输送(向前冲程)是Qmax=FSsin45°=0.7FS.最低瞬时流量(逆行程)是Qmin=FSsin45°=0.7FS=0.7(0.25 –0.125)FS.流量不均匀系数如果这种差异的泵杆直径增加,流量不均匀性将会进一步增加,因此,有必要消除泵腔室气阀。在系列生产的NPTs-32型泵有四个工作腔室,其流量(压力)和吸入(摄入)流量的不均匀性将是相同的,将取决于杆的直径。较小的杆的截面积越大,流体流动的均匀性将越高。在吸(进气)的差分泵管,流量不均匀性大大增加,因为只有两腔室运作和曲轴的曲柄是不是正负180正负旋转,这个现象是常见的,因为单作用两缸(双面)泵。流量不均匀系数在这种情况下泵吸条件差,就像活塞泵的所有其他类型,可以通过安装吸气调节室吸风调压室,并把泵装置流体油槽加以改善。一个NPTs-32型差动泵在现场条件下进行了两种模式的测试: 有两个正面的工作腔室(流量阀门被拆除的杆腔)和两个后轮杆工作腔室(流量阀门从正面杆腔拆除)。在测试过程中,流量Q和P测量的压力是不同的比率。汽缸直径115毫米,杆直径45毫安装在泵上。测试结果报告表1和2是各自独立的。对不同泵的测试执行的两个不同的实验。其中一个(表 1),剩余的压力为10MPa和在其他(表2),5兆帕。从表1可见,在符合流量测量与容积效率在适当考虑后计算。 平均在第二个齿轮泵的第19 页共21 页外文翻译运行速度容积效率为0.77,并在第三档速度快,0.65。随着转速的增加,容积效率降低,压力波动上升,从5至30%。泵在高输出下的不均匀系数=1.86),泵运作情况令人满意。因此,测量流量不符合计算结果如表2。之所以如此,是因为压力波动大(从70到550%)超出额定输出(压力)线。精确测量在这种压力下的发动机转速波动测量几乎是不可能的。因此,在理论上证明了它是由一个泵双缸类型可以转换到只能通过移除流量(压力)阀门杆腔测量的微弱差别。在这方面,为啦降低NPTs-32型泵流量不均匀性,这是必要的,杆直径为55或70毫米,取决于气缸的直径。研究的基础上提出和获得的运行数据,下面的步骤可能被推荐为改善该系列生产的NPTs-32泵:?把两个泵杆的直径改为 55mm和70mm?以设计阀门装置可自动脱离或者手动的拆离出泵 [3]?设计有机械密封活塞和活塞杆系统。参考文献1。[俄罗斯]采油学士扎哈罗夫,活塞和活塞泵,OAO跟VNIIO,莫斯科(2002年),p.°.52。2。议员易卜拉欣莫夫,沙瑞克夫,Kormishin,和BS扎哈罗夫,发明号二十〇亿零三百十二万五千二百三十六应用。机械密封柱塞泵[俄罗斯],2003。3。议员易卜拉欣莫夫,沙瑞克夫,Kormishin,与伊萨科夫,和BS扎哈罗夫,对于可用的模型中的应用没有G2两缸活塞泵[俄罗斯]。基于C8051F单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究基于单片机的嵌入式Web服务器的研究MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC(8)05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正(STR)调节器单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP协议栈的实现基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的研究基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机实现一种基于单片机的轴快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于双

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论