-新教材高中英语单元加餐练4UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS（含解析）新人教版

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解ACaliforniafamilydrivesacarthatcouldhelpprotecttheenvironment.WhenJonandSandygotothestoreortotheirdaughters'soccergames,theydriveinhigh­techstyle.Theydrivea$1million,fuel­cell­poweredcar.Itmaybetheworld'smostexpensivecarandoneofthemostenvironmentallyfriendlycars.TheFCXisthefirstfuel­cell­poweredcartobeusedbyafamilyanywhereintheworld.TheFCXuseshydrogenandoxygenforfuel.Carmakershavebeenworkingtodevelopvehiclesthatarebetterfortheenvironment.Theyaredevelopingcarsthatusefuelotherthangasoline.Andthenwhatisfuelcelltechnology?Fuelcelltechnologyworksbychangingthechemicalshydrogenandoxygenintowater.Thisprocessproduceselectricity,andwatervaporwhichcomesoutoftheexhaustpipe.Mostcarsreleasedangerousgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandcarbondioxide.Manyscientistssaythesegasesaremajorcontributorstoglobalwarming.“TheFCXisdrivenjustlikeanyothervehicleontheroad,butwithoutthegaseswhichpollutetheenvironment，”scientistssay.Fuelcelltechnologyhasbeenaroundsincethe1800s,butscientistshaveyetbeentoperfectit.Theysayitmaytakeyearsbeforethetechnologyisreadyforwidespreaduse.Anotherearth­friendlycarisalreadyonthemarket.Hybridcarsusebothgasolineandanelectricmotor.Theyarebecomingmorepopularwithcustomersbecausetheycutpollutionandimprovefuelefficiency.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了使汽车更加环保的燃料电池技术。1．WhichofthefollowingabouttheFCXisnottrue?A．Itletsoutdangerousgasestopollutetheair.B．Itmaybethemostexpensivecarintheworld.C．Itisoneofthemostenvironmentallyfriendlycars.D．Ituseshydrogenandoxygenforfuelotherthangasoline.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“TheFCXisdrivenjustlikeanyothervehicleontheroad,butwithoutthegaseswhichpollutetheenvironment.”可知，FCX和道路上的任何其他车辆一样，但没有污染环境的气体。因此推断FCX不会排放有害气体污染空气，故A项正确。2．Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajorcauseforglobalwarming?A．GasesfromFCX. B．Gasesfromcars.C．Hydrogenandoxygen. D．Watervaporfromcars.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostcarsreleasedangerousgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandcarbondioxide.Manyscientistssaythesegasesaremajorcontributorstoglobalwarming.”可知，科学家认为汽车所排放的像一氧化碳和二氧化碳这样的气体是全球变暖的主要原因，故B项正确。3．Fromthepassage,weknowthatfuelcelltechnology________.A．worksbywaterB．worksbyelectricityC．hasbeenwidelyusedsincethe1800sD．hasahistoryforovertwohundredyears答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fuelcelltechnologyhasbeenaroundsincethe1800s，”可知，燃料电池技术从19世纪就开始了，现在已经21世纪了，至今已经有200多年的历史了，故D项正确。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Therewillbenogasolineforcars.B．Globalwarminghasbeenstopped.C．Peoplecan'taffordtobuycarsinthefuture.D．Futurecarswillbeenvironmentallyfriendly.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theyarebecomingmorepopularwithcustomersbecausetheycutpollutionandimprovefuelefficiency.”可知，因为能够减少污染和提高燃料效率，这种汽车将越来越受消费者的欢迎，为了满足消费者的需要，汽车生产商必定会生产越来越多的环保汽车，也就是说未来的汽车将是环保的，故D项正确。Ⅱ.七选五HowtomakeQuickDecisionsForYourLifeWemakedecisionseveryday.__1__Whenitcomestomakingdecisions,choosingtherightonecanattimesbestressful,especiallyifthedecisionmustbemadequickly.Indecisionoftenweighsusdown,buttherearesomeusefultipsformakingquickdecisionsmoreeasily.__2__Sometimesthekeytomakingaquickdecisioncomesdowntoplanningaheadoftimeforjustsuchanoccasion.Weallknowwe'regoingtocometoanimportantdecision­makingpointsoonerorlater,sohavingaplanalreadyinhandcanputourmindateasewhenthattimecomes.Overcomefear.__3__Whileitmayseemdifficulttoovercomethefearofmakingthewrongchoice,manyexpertsagreethatweshouldn'tbeafraidtomakethewrongdecision,evenifitseemsimportant.Thevastmajorityofwrongdecisionscanbecorrected,whiledelayingdecisionscanoftenleadtomoreproblems.Writedownalltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofyourdecision.Evenifyoudon'thavealltheinformation,writingdownalltheprosandcons(优缺点)isagoodstartingpointforfiguringoutwhattodo.Incaseswheretheresimplyisn'tenoughtimetowritethingsdown,makeamentallistinyourmind.Thinkingoftheprosandconscanhelpyouorganizeyourthoughts.__4__Determinecriteria.Rememberthateverydecisionyoumakeshouldcomewithacertainlistofcriteria.__5__Butonceyouknowtherequirementsyou'relookingfor,makingadecisionwillbecomeeasier.Lookforthechoicethatsatisfiesthelistyou'vemade,andoncethatchoiceisfound,youshouldmoveaheadwithit.A．Haveaplan.B．Thelistmaybeshortorquitelong.C．Communicateyourdecisionwithothers.D．Andthiscanalwaysleadtoaclearanswer.E．Socutoutanyoptionsthatyouknowyouwillnotchoose.F．Often,onethingthatkeepsusfrommakingdecisionsisfear.G．Somecanbeveryimportantwhileothersarenotseriousinthelongrun.这篇文章的作者就如何快速做出决定，给出了自己的一些建议。1．G解析：根据Wemakedecisionseveryday.以及Whenitcomestomakingdecisions,choosingtherightonecanattimesbestressful,especiallyifthedecisionmustbemadequickly.可知，这里意思是有些可能非常重要，而有些从长远上来看，并不是十分重要，所以选G。2．A解析：根据Sometimesthekeytomakingaquickdecisioncomesdowntoplanningaheadoftimeforjustsuchanoccasion.可知，这里意思是制定一个计划，所以选A。3．F解析：这里提到了Overcomefear.所以接下来会说通常阻止某人做出决定的事情正是害怕，所以选F。4．D解析：Thinkingoftheprosandconscanhelpyouorganizeyourthoughts.这里讲了思考优缺点的好处，所以接下来会说这总是引导我们找出清晰的答案，所以选D。5．B解析：根据Rememberthateverydecisionyoumakeshouldcomewithacertainlistofcriteria.可知，这里意思是这个清单可能会很短，也可能会很长，所以选B。Ⅲ.完形填空Lastsummer,ItravelledtoMeixianCountywithmyfriends.ItisasmallcountyatthefootofTaibaiMountaininShanxiIwill__2__forgetthedaywhenweclimbedthemainpeak(山顶).The__3__inthatareachangesveryquickly:itwassunnyintheearlymorningwhenwesetout,__4__itbegantorainheavilywhenwewereonlyhalfwayup.Soon，wewereall__5__andsomeofuswantedtogohome.Theysaid,“Thereisnothing__6__here.Wecametoseethescenery,__7__thepouringrain！”However,theguide__8__，“Sincewehavegotwetalready,whynotjustgoonwithourjourney？”Sowecarriedonupthemountainand,__9__weevennoticed,therainstoppedandthesunwassmilingagain.Whenwereachedthetopofthepeak,theviewwasunique(独特的)．Upthere,itwasbrightandclear.Theskywas__10__andtheairwasfresh.Thegentlewindmadeusfeelcool.Allthecloudswerejustlikewavesintheocean,__11__andfallingunderourfeet.Wecouldonlyseethepeaksofmountains,asiftheywere__12__floatingsparsely(稀疏的)intheocean.Itwasareallymagicalexperience.Whilewewereenjoyingthescene,theguidesaid__13__，“Yousee,Iknewthattherewouldbenorainabovetheclouds.”Itis__14__.Whileitmayrainbelowtheclouds,thesunisstillthereabovethem.Youwillneverseethesun__15__youdon'ttryyourbesttoclimbtothetopofthemountain.Ifwehadstoppedandgonehomewhentherainwasveryheavy,wewouldneverhaveseenthebeautifulscenery__16__theclouds.Ithinkthisisalsotruein__17__.Asthesongsays,“Youwon'tseetherainbowunlessyouhavegonethroughthethunderandstorm.”Ithinkinthe__18__，wheneverIhaveanydifficultiesinmylife,Iwillrememberthe__19__fromthetopofTaibaiMountainandthe__20__whichtouchedmyheartdeeply:Thereisnorainabovetheclouds.本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友们在山中旅行，大雨不期而至。在导游的劝说下，大家继续登山，不知不觉中，雨停了，景色也更美了。通过这次经历，作者深切感悟到“不经历风雨，怎么能见到彩虹”的道理。1．A.spentB．killedC．hadD．enjoyed答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.spent花费；度过；B.killed杀死；C.had拥有；D.enjoyed欣赏；喜欢。由下文中beautifulscenery可以推断出作者很喜欢自己的假期。故选D。2．A.everB．neverC．certainly D．perhaps答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。A.ever曾经；B.never从不；C.certainly当然；D.perhaps也许。通过下文可知，作者的这次经历对他来说收获很大，因此印象深刻，永远不会忘记。故选B。3．A.sceneryB．cloudC．sky D．weather答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.scenery景色；B.cloud云；C.sky天空；D.weather天气。由下文所介绍的早晨天气晴朗，半路上则大雨倾盆，可以推断出天气变化无常。故选D。4．A.soB．whileC．but D．instead答案：C解析：考查连词辨析。A.so因此；B.while当……时候；C.but但是；D.instead而不是。由上下文可知，存在逻辑上的转折关系。故选C。5．A.tired B．hungryC．angry D．wet答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.tired疲惫的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.angry生气的；D.wet湿的。由常识可知，被雨淋的结果当然是浑身湿透了。故选D。6．A.necessary B．funC．important D．instructive答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.necessary必要的；B.fun乐趣；C.important重要的；D.instructive有益的。联系下文可知，他们觉得在这里一点乐趣也没有。故选B。7．A.notB．noC．never D．hardly答案：A解析：考查副词辨析。A.not不；B.no没有；C.never从不；D.hardly几乎不。有人坚持要回去的理由是“我们是来看风景的，不是来淋雨的”。故选A。8．A.suggested B．orderedC．asked D．demanded答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.suggested建议；B.ordered命令；C.asked询问；D.demanded要求。联系后文可知，导游给我们提建议。故选A。9．A.when B．beforeC．while D．then答案：B解析：考查连词辨析。A.when当……时候；B.before在……之前；C.while当……时候；D.then然后。由语境可知，我们还没有来得及注意到，故选before。故选B。10．A.darkB．greenC．black D．blue答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.dark黑暗的；B.green绿色的；C.black黑色的；D.blue蓝色的。由下文的theairwasfresh暗示出天气晴朗，而晴朗的天气里天空应该是蓝色的。故选D。11．A.jumping B．droppingC．going D．rising答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.jumping跳跃；B.dropping落下；C.going离开；D.rising上升。与下文的falling形成对照，表示像海浪一样起伏的状态。故选D。12．A.islands B．fishC．animals D．waves答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.islands岛屿；B.fish鱼；C.animals动物；D.waves海浪。从后文的floatingsparsely(稀疏的)intheocean可知，云层中的山脉像海洋中的岛屿。故选A。13．A.excitedly B．proudlyC．angrily D．happily答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。A.excitedly激动地；B.proudly自豪地；C.angrily生气地；D.happily开心地。下文向导讲话内容表明他的预测正确，因此讲话时他自然而然带着自豪的口吻。故选B。14．A.false B．certainC．wrong D．true答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.false错误的；B.certain确信的；C.wrong错误的；D.true真实的。联系前文“Yousee,Iknewthattherewouldbenorainabovetheclouds.”及“Whileitmayrainbelowtheclouds,thesunisstillthereabovethem”可知风雨过后见彩虹是真的。故选D。15．A.whenB．unlessC．if D．while答案：C解析：考查连词辨析。A.when当……时候；B.unless除非；C.if如果；D.while当……的时候。根据前后文可知，表示一种假设的情况。故选C。16．A.overB．onC．above D．under答案：C解析：考查介词辨析。A.over越过；B.on在上面；C.above超过；D.under在……下面。登到山顶，我们看到的是云层上面的景色。故选C。17．A.studyB．restC．world D．life答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.study学习；B.rest休息；C.world世界；D.life生活。由文意可知，作者由此事推出生活中也是如此。故选D。18．A.past B．presentC．future D．life答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.past过去的；B.present目前的；C.future未来的；D.life生活。联系后文“wheneverIhaveanydifficultiesinmylife,Iwillremember”可知，此处表示将来的情况。故选C。19．A.weather B．changeC．view D．time答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.weather天气；B.change改变；C.view观点；风景；D.time时间。阅读全文可知，山顶的奇特风光让我们难以忘怀。故选C。20．A.word B．phraseC．speech D．sentence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.word单词；B.phrase短语；C.speech演讲；D.sentence句子。冒号后面是一个句子，因此本空应选sentence。故选D。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Arecentstudyshows85percentofpeoplehandedovertheirpersonalinformationtostrangers.Oneineightpeopleadmittedtheywouldreplytoane­mailfromsomebodytheydidn'tknow,whilesomesaidtheywerecomfortablehandingoutpersonal,securityorbankdetailstoastranger.Inreallife,withabitoftemptation(诱惑)peopleseemevenmorelikelytohandoverimportantinformation.PosingassomebodyworkingforamarketingagencycalledCAMS—amade­upnameforfraud(欺骗)—aresearcherhandedoutaquestionnaire(问卷)andaskedpeopletofillinitinordertowina￡400television.Thesurveyaskedquestionsaboutnotonlytelevisionpreferencesandholidays,butalsopersonalinformationincludingaddress,dateofbirth,phonenumberand