高考英语语法填空解题技巧讲义课件

高考英语语法填空总论高考英语语法句法三大从句虚拟语气特殊句式

倒装、省略、强调、反义疑问其他

简单句、并列句等词法谓语动词

10大时态、语态、主谓一致非谓语动词

3大非谓语成分、时态语态情态动词

虚拟用法、推测用法等其他

名词、冠词、形容词、副词、介词、代词考察内容(1)无提示词：通常考

冠词、介词、代词和连词

等四类词。一个空格只能填

一个单词。(2)有提示词（用括号中所给词填空）：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。

有提示词解题

1，括号内提供的是动词谓语动词

有提示词与主语构成主谓结构1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(07广州一模)2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(08深圳二模)3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(08广东)

wastold

kept考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致考点分析results当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑__________、__________、__________、__________等四个方面。【确定时态的3条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。解题技巧时态、语态、语气、主谓一致非谓语动词

有提示词除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.(17广州一模)2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!(17广二模)3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.(08深圳二模)4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows(眉毛)

(raise).(11广州一模)

receiving

tocomplete

included考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用考点分析raised当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,todo)。词性转换

有提示词介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).(07深圳一模)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.(16惠二模)3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(16广东)4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.(16汕头水平考试)

rudely

suggestion考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化考点分析naturalUndoubtedly2，括号内提供的是形容词或副词Atlast，hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...3，括号内提供的是名词单数名词冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit！”当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。There，myvoicesoundsreally________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.有时也可能考查副词、动词等Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed，heexaminedit.

当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：（1）作主语或宾语用_________形式。（2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some,any,alotof等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用_________形式。（3）作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。（4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_______。（5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。解题技巧名词名词形容词副词

在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下3点：(1)形容词→副词。(2)形容词→名词。(3)名词→形容词。无提示词解题

一，冠词1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey…Sothefarmerkilled____goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas____shy,nervousperfectionist(完美主义者).3.….theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___smalltownsome20kilometersaway.4.Istillremembertaking____visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypubforlunch.下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1)________+可数n.(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数n.(单数)。下列情况下很可能填

：(1)_____(+形容词)+n.+of等介词短语

(表示特指)；(2)_____(+形容词)+n.+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_____(+形容词)+n.+不定式短语或分词短语

(表示特指)考点二：介词(1)介词+宾语（名词）(2)不及物动词+介词+宾语1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.4.Hewasverytired_____________doingthisforawholeday…

of

at考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析onfrom

无提示词：注意固定搭配betiredfrom因…厌倦考点三：代词(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。(2)指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等考查语法点:代词的基本用法考点分析1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:asmile…itherme

无提示词

无提示词：代词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括1.人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代词(it/this等)、3.不定代词(something/anything等)、4.名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑问代词(which/who等)、6.反身代词(不能作主语)(myself/yourself等)在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her等)。考点四：连词或从句引导词两个主谓结构连接Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_______theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_______factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter(柜台)______someattractivetieswereondisplay.4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckup(拔起)allofhiscropafewinches.

why

when考查语法点:各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法考点分析wherethat

无提示词如果两个句子之间（两个主谓结构之间）没有分号或者句号，也没有关联词连接或者引导，这时应该考虑填并列连词或者从属连词。并列句和复合句并列句：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句复合句：主句＋从句（连接词＋主＋谓）两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。总结提升一．根据句子结构，确定词性动词名词形容词副词冠词介词连词代词词性一般有提示词无提示词总结提升二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形冠词定冠词,不定冠词并列句及复合句非谓语非谓语动词todo,doing,done及变形谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致连词介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配词性变化词汇,构词法谓语动词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词根据语义,确定词形分析句子,确定词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文,理解大意总结提升检查搭配,前后连贯第一讲倒装和省略

倒装全倒装1,Herethere,now,then位于句首。

2,副词短语中的副词位于句首。3,介词短语位于句首。

半倒装1，否定半倒装。2，Only+状语，主句半倒装。3，so…that半倒装。4，if虚拟语气半倒装。特殊情况Althogh从句变as引导。省略肯定句考点1，so+主语+助动词2，So+助动词+主语否定句考点1，neither/nor+主语+助动词2，neither/nor+助动词+主语全倒装Thebuscomeshere.Herecomesthebus.倒装情况1，Heretherenowthen等位于句首，句子可以全倒装。Johnopenedthedoor.There___(stand,girl)hehadneverseenbefore.<陕西卷>2，副词短语中的副词（常为goaway,rushout等固定搭配）位于句首，句子可以全倒装。Awayfledthethief.=Thethieffledaway.<上海卷>Downcametherain.Upwenttheballoon.3，介词短语（如Infrontof,with等）位于句首，句子可以完全倒装。Atthefootofthemountain____AvillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage一些例外主语是人称代词（hesheitthey）句子不能完全倒装Hereyouare.Hereareyou(incorrect)Awaytheywent.Shestoodinfrontofthehouse.半倒装Iwillneverforgetyou,dear!NeverwillIforgetyou,dear!1，否定半倒装否定词、词组或者句型放在句首，整个句子要变成半倒装。Littledoesshecare__(care)whatshelookslike,allshecaresaboutisherjobperformance.Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?Super!Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.上海卷2，only半倒装Only位于句首，而且必须要加状语才能用半倒装。Only+状语+主句半倒装。Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited_canwesolve____(solve)theexistingproblemsintheworld.Sothat半倒装____thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.陕西卷A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswas虚拟半倒装Werethesuntoriseinthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.Ifthesunweretoriseintheeast,Iwouldmarryyou.WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.特殊倒装although变asAlthoughheisrich,Idon’tenvyhim.Richasheis,Idon’tenvyhim.省略的情况类型肯定句否定句表示赞同So+主语+助动词Neither/nor+主语+助动词表示类似So+助动词+主语Neither/nor+助动词+主语Tomlikesswimming.SodoI(表示类似)Sohedoes(表示赞同)Tomcan’taffordtobuyahouse.NeithercanI(表示类似)Neitherhecan(表示赞同)Idon’tknowaboutyou,butIamsickandtiredofthisweather.____(s0).Ican’tstandallthisrain.Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship

thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.[福建卷]A.hadherealized B.didherealizeC.herealized D.hehadrealized5Atnotime

therulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.[还宁卷]A.theyactuallybroke B.dotheyactuaillybreakC.didtheyactuallybreak D.theyhadactuallybrokenAtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver____oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.[重庆卷]A.liesChongqing B.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqing D.doesChongqinglieForamomentnothinghappened.Then______allshoutingtogether.[福建卷]A.voiceshadcome B.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcome D.didvoicescomeNeverbefore______seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.[江西卷]A.hadshe B.shehad C.hasshe D.shehas_________，hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.[重庆卷]A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent

第二讲强调句和反义疑问句一，强调句Itis/was….that(who,whom)Tomboughtabookyesterday.强调主语ItwasTomthat/whoboughtabookyesterday.强调宾语ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.强调状语ItwasyesterdaythatTomboughtabook.ItwasinNewZealand_____ElizabethmetMr.Smith.全国卷强调句的一般疑问句句式ItwasabookthatTomboughtyesterday.WasitabookthatTomboughtyesterday?高考原句Wasitbycuttingdownstaff___shesavedthefirm?强调句高考常考句型1，Itis/wasnotuntil…thatItwasnotuntilmidnightthattheyreachedthecampsite.重庆卷2，notuntil位于句首，且连接句子，用半倒装，但是在强调句中不能用半倒装结构。Only也是如此。Not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

didthe

mother

leave

the

room.半倒装It

was

not

until

the

child

fell

asleep

that

the

mother

left

the

room.强调句Do/does/did强调Idoloveyou!Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.Ididcallyoulastnightbutyouwerenotin.高考真题Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherCblumbuscorssed

theAtlantic___ZhengsailedtoEastAfrica.[重庆卷]A.when B.that C.after D.sinceItisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo____benefitsourworkmost.[陕西卷]A.who B.which C.that D.whatItwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage____thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.[安徽卷]A.where B.that C.when D.whichJohn’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork____hasmadetiimwhatheistoday.[湖南卷]A.why B.when C.which D.that第三讲并列连词和主谓一致并列连词1，并列关系2，转折关系3，选择关系4，因果关系主谓一致就近一致当主语为AorB,notAbutB,notonlyAbutalsoB,neitherAnorB等就远一致当主语为A+besides/together/with/like/aswellas+B时特殊主谓一致1，常接单数形式的六大考点2，接单复数形式有区别的考点3，百分数+of+名词等的考点4，定语从句主谓一致的考点5，以复数形式结尾名词的考点6，集体名词的考点类型常考并列连词并列关系And,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor转折关系But,however,yet,whereas,not…but选择关系Or,either…or因果关系So,thereforeYouhavetomoveoutoftheway,___Thetruck,cannotgetpastyou.全国卷Iwasgladtomeetjennyagain,_____Ididn‘twanttospendalldaywithher.全国卷Givemeachance,_______Iwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.主谓一致就近一致的原则AorBNotAbutBNotonlyA

butalsoBNeitherAnorBEitherAorBEitheryouorIamwrong.例句Thereisabookandsomepensonthedesk.Notonlyyoubutalsoheistoblame.高考原句NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneisthenationafteranother.全国卷就远一致ALike/aswellasBesides/but/Except

With/alongwith/TogetherwithB谓语动词（与A一致）Ratherthan/InadditiontoIncluding/Asmuchas高考原句填空Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager___encouragedtoworkonlineathome.广东卷Dr.smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,____goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.陕西卷高考经典真题Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.WereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.HavebeeninvitedD.HasbeeninvitedOneandahalf+复数名词Morethanone+单数名词-One/-body/-thing

构成的符合代词单数Each/EveryA/noAandnoB/manyaAandmanyaBTodo/doing/主语从句

表示时间、金钱或者度量衡的名词高考原句填空1,Didyougototheshowlastnight？Yeah,everyboyandgirlinthearea____invited.陕西卷2,Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcert___(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.湖南卷3,Mostofwhathasbeensaidaboutsmith___alsotrueoftheJohnsons安徽卷主语单复数情况TheteacherandwriterisfromHunanprovince.TheteacherandthewriterarefromHunanprovince.Theyoungarefullofenergy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.百分数+of+名词的考点Half,therest,分数，百分数+of+名词做主语，谓语动词的单复数要和of之后的名词保持一致。Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass全国卷定语从句的主谓一致考点1，oneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语动词通常用复数。2，the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语动词通常用单数。高考原句B