西南交通大学机械专业英语考点大全

冬瓜供货叫兽出品冬瓜供货叫兽出品单词15’’ferrousmetals黑色金属nonferrousmetals有色金属hardnessn.硬度foundryn.铸造（车间，厂）copper-basealloys铜基合金pressn.压力机v.压锻sizingoperations精锻工艺；精加工furnacen.（熔，炼，高）炉pyrometern.高温计solderv.软钎焊meltingpoint熔点electroden.电（焊）极machiningn.切削加工grindingn.磨削加工annealingn.退火quench门吊淬火temperingn.回火modulusofelasticity弹性模量lowcarbonsteel低碳钢high-speedsteel高碳钢meshv.啮合；配合right-handthreads右旋螺纹pitchn.节［螺，齿］距leadn.导程rackn.齿条；导轨followern.从动件slippagen.滑动；打滑criticaln.临界点adj.批评的screwn.螺钉studn.螺栓nutn.螺母n.坚果；核心connectingrod连杆couplingn.联轴器lubricantn.润滑剂，a.润滑的leadscrew导杆；丝杆kineticenergy动能frictionn.摩擦（力）hingen.铰链washern垫圈［片］spacern.垫圈，垫片finish工表面粗糙度twistdrills麻花钻rakeangle前角swarfn.金属屑built-up-edge切削瘤tolerancen.公差；容差torquen.扭矩chipn.切屑roughingoperation粗加工finishingoperation精加工inertian.惯性（物）；惯量linkagen.连杆（组、机构）简答轴承种类：sliding-contactbearings滑动轴承rolling-contactbearings滚动轴承angular-contactbearings角接触球轴承groove-ballbearings深沟球轴承CAD:Computer-aideddesignCAM:Computer-aidedmanufacturingCNC:ComputerisedNumericalControlDNC:DirectNumericalControl两类金属：simplemetalsalloys铸造工艺步骤：foundryprocessesFoundryprocessesconsistof①makingmolds,②preparingandmeltingthemetal,③pouringthemetalintothemolds,and④cleaningthecastings.喝恁润属钐瘗歌枥庑赖。软钎焊工艺：solderingprocessesSolderingistheprocessofjoiningtwometalsbyathirdmetaltobeappliedinthemolten(adj,融化的)state.一沟,:爱氇谴净。软焊是要用溶融状态的第三种金属来使两件金属连接在一起的工艺。材料力学特性定义：Thedefineofmaterialsmechanicalproperties残骛楼静锩源湃溆塑箱。Someimportantmechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsare:酽锕极额朗镇桧猪^锥。Strength强度(intension,compression,shearandbending)弹贸摄尔霁毙撰砖卤庑。Stiffness刚度Ductillty延展性Impactstrength冲击强度hardness硬度Toughness韧度齿轮种类：gearsSpurGear直齿轮HelicalGear斜齿轮straightbevel直齿锥齿轮皮带传动是否精确？为什么SmoothflatbeltsandVbeltsdependonfrictiononthepulleysandsomeslippageisinherentintheiroperation.Therefore,speedratiosarenotprecise.^荞抟箧飙舞怼类蒋蔷。列举几种机械零件：mechanicalpartskey键spring弹簧shaft轴screw螺钉cam凸轮coupling联轴器clutch离合器worm蜗杆wormgear蜗轮键的类型：squarekey方键taperedkey锥形键woodruffkey半圆键歹U举磨床：grindermachinescuttergrinder工具磨床surfacegrinder平面磨床internalgrinder内圆磨床externalgrinder外圆磨床切削-各种切削方法：cuttingoperationturning车削milling铣削drilling钻孔grinding磨削boring镗孔刀具磨损类型：flankwear后刀面磨损craterwear前刀面磨损notchwearV形凹口磨损CAD,CAM主要功能种类：majorcategoriesTheexpertsgroupCADfunctionsintofourmajorcategories：厦礴恳蹒骈畤翥继僵骚。Geometricmodeling几何建模Engineeringanalysis工程分析Kinematics运动分析Automateddrafting自动化绘制CAMtechnologyalsocentersaroundfourmajorareasofcategories:茕桢广鳓—选块网踊泪。Numericalcontrol数字控制Processplanning工艺加工过程Robotics机器人技术Factorymanagement工厂管理车床的主要部分：headstock主轴箱tailstock尾座tool-post刀架它由支承着床身和压头(ram)的底座(machineframe),动力电源和使压头垂直于床身(atrightanglestothebed)并作直线运动的机构(mechanism)组成：Itconsistsofamachineframesupportingabedandaram,asourceofpower,andamechanismtocausetheramtomoveinlinewithandatrightanglestothebed.籍丛妈.为赡偾蛏练浮。汉一英把金属件连接在一起的方法有很多，用哪一种方法要根据金属的种类和要连接的焊件的种类来定：Thereareanumberofmethodsofjoiningmetalarticlestogether,dependingonthetypeofmetalandthestrengthofthejointwhichisrequired.颈公真圣金玄.蕨龈讶骅籴。力学性能是材料对所施加外力的反应特性：Mechanicalpropertiesarethecharacteristicresponsesofamaterialtoappliedforces.渗彭呛俨匀谔♦调一帛。■■^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^■I^^^^^^H深沟球轴承滚道深度大约是滚珠直径的1/4：Indeep-grooveballbearings,theracesareapproximatelyonefourthasdeepastheballdiameter.铙一卜泻.圣骋贶一。常常用于冷作加工的机器称作压力机：Themachineusedformostcold-workingoperationsisknownasapress.挑冬帝凤袜备..^轮烂蔷。英一中段落翻译车，磨，刨，铣表面加工目的，方法：lathe车床millingmachine铣床shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨床grindingmachine磨床Thelatheisoneofthemostusefulandversatilemachineintheworkshop,.臧熟俣阃羲匮阊邺镓车床是车间里最有用、最通用的机床之一。andiscapableofcarryingoutawidevarietyofmachiningoperations.坛搏乡罩忏蒌锲铃觐波它能进行多种机械加工作业。Themaincomponentsofthelathearetheheadstockandtailstockatoppositeendsofabed,蜡燮—铉锚.赘。车床的主要部件是主轴箱、尾座和刀架。主轴箱与尾座位于床身的两端；andatool-post刀架betweenthemwhichholdsthecuttingtool.^鲷—揩昙庸遥闫撷凄。用于夹持刀具的刀架置于主轴箱与尾座之间。Thetool-poststandsonacross-slide中拖板whichenablesittomovesidewardsacrossthesaddle床鞍orcarriageaswellasalongitdependingonthekindofjobitisdoing.余麦镝蜩^^鹕踪韦辚.IIIIIIIIIIHHIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIHIMIIIHII刀架安装在中拖板上，根据加工的种类，中拖板使刀架既能作横向运动，又能与床鞍一起作纵向运动。Theordinarycenterlathecanaccommodateonlyonetoolatatimeonthetool-post,,^踬震彦浃绥言—锦。普通顶尖车床在刀架上一次只能安装一把刀具，butaturretlathe转塔车床iscapableofholdingfiveormoretoolsontherevolvingturret.猫虿―诛髅.庑。而在转塔车床的转塔刀架上可同时夹持五把或更多的刀具。Thelathebedmustbeverysolidtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress.锹籁饕迳琐肇禊鸥娅蔷。车床床身必须非常坚固，以防在应力作用下产生弯曲或扭转变形。Theheadstockincorporatesthedrivingandgearmechanism,横氽元直黉硕饨荠龈话骛主轴箱内有驱动装置与齿轮机构，andaspindle主轴whichholdstheworkpiece工件andcausesittorotateataspeedwhichdependslargelyonthediameteroftheworkpiece.辄峄随槿簖疖幺:偎胪泶以及夹持工件并使其旋转的主轴。工件转速很大程度上取决于工件的直径。Abaroflargediametershouldnaturallyrotatemoreslowlythanaverythinbar;尧侧力藕绛^绚—。直径大的棒料自然应比直径很小的棒料转得慢，thecuttingspeedofthetooliswhatmatters.这与刀具切割速度有很大关系。Tapered带锥度的center顶尖inthehollownoseofthespindle空心主轴andofthetail-stockholdtheworkfirmlybetweenthem.识.谖金昆缢—竟—俨凄装在空心主轴和尾座轴前端的带锥度的顶尖，把工件牢固地夹在它们之间。Afeed-shaft光杠fromtheheadstockdrivesthetool-postalongthesaddle,濂—劳月葭锴痫女帚胫籴。由主轴箱带动的光杠驱动刀架，eitherforwardsorbackwards,atafixedanduniformspeed.耳心—灭萦欢蜴聋鹜金帛以固定且均匀的速度与床鞍一起来回运动。Thisenablestheoperatortomakeaccuratecutsandtogivetheworkagoodfinish.・鲨胃输诎.御沩］瞿咨充摩。这使操作者能精确地切削，且使工件得到良好的表面光洁度。Gearsbetweenthespindleandthefeed-shaftcontrolthespeedofrotationoftheshaft,硕一颃诌蔹。主轴和光杠之间的齿轮控制着光杠的转速，andthereforetheforwardorbackwardmovementofthetool-post.阌擞♦^^迁择.秘麓。因而控制了刀架的进退。Thegearwhichtheoperatorwillselectdependsonthetypeofmetalwhichheiscuttingandtheamountofmetalhehastocutoff.一噜—富贸艮弹滤颔果。操作员根据所切金属的种类和要切除的量来选配齿轮。Foradeeporroughingcuttheforwardmovementofthetool走刀速度shouldbelessthanforafinishingcut..鹆资赢隼^孙滋.币赘。深切或粗切时的走刀速度应比精切时的低。Centresarenotsuitableforeveryjobonthelathe.怂阐^簸迳醇啸重晨凉车床顶尖并非对每种工件都适用。Theoperatorcanreplacethembyvarioustypesofchucks卡盘，谚辞^担^谄动律泻类直根据工件的形状和特定的切削操作，whichholdtheworkbetweenjaws卡爪,orbyafront-plate花盘,dependingontheshapeoftheworkandtheparticularcuttingoperation.啜觐］圭缧铴嗫俱幺屯铪锩操作者可用以卡爪夹持工件的卡盘或用花盘来取代顶尖。Hewilluseachuck,forexample,toholdashortpieceofwork,樊绐^钲—鹰辎檄库例如，操作者可以用一个卡盘夹持一个短工件，orworkfordrilling,boringorscrew-cutting.或需要钻孔、镗孔及车螺纹的工件。Atransversemovement横向移动ofthetool-post刀架acrossthesaddleenablesthetooltocutacrossthefaceoftheworkpieceandgiveitaflatsurface.一渍蟆俾阅.鲰胃暹蔽刀架在床鞍上的横向运动，使刀具能够横切工件的端面使其成为平面。Forscrewcutting,theoperatorengagest