医学类英语词根专业知识专家讲座

MedicalEnglish

forpostgraduates

主讲人：彭继兰

Word–building基本意义单位第一种符号第二种符号(word)(root)人man anthrop花flowerantho时timechron色colourchrom

石stonelith

水waterhydro生命lifebio头headcephal牙toothdent

lith-lithoscope结石检验器lithectomy结石切除术lithoid如石旳-lithurolith尿结石nephrolith肾结石cholelith胆结石

aerolith陨石megalith巨石monolith独石柱trilith三石(塔)zoolith动物化石entemlith

昆虫化石Thepartsofhumanbody人体部位

1.头headcapit-caput-[L]cephal-[G]2.颈neckcarotico-[G]cervic-[L]

3.胸chestpectus-[L]pectorisa.steth-[G]thorac-[G]4.腹abdomenabdomin-[L]lapar-[G]5.腰waistn.lumb-[L]lumbus[L]n.6.盆,肾盂pelvispelvi-[L]7.肩shoulderom-[L]8.臂armbrachi-[L]

brachiumn.9.肘elbowcubitus[L]10.前臂forearmantebrachi-11.腕wristcarpus-[L]12.手handmanu-[L]manusn.cheir-[kaiər][G]13.指(趾)finger(toe)dactyl-[G]dactylogram/fingerprint指纹phalanxn.[G]digitusn.[L]14.臀buttock(breech/nump)clunis[L]n.gluteal[G]a.gloutosn..pyg-[G]15.股thighfemur-[L]n.16.膝kneegenu-[L]17.小腿legcrus[L]18.踝ankletalus[L]n.19.足footped-[L]pod-[G]

organsandtissues组织和器官1.cell细胞cyt--cyte[G]2.gland腺体aden-[G]3.muscule肌肉muscul-[L]my-[G]4.skin皮肤derm(at)-[G]5.bone骨oste-[G]6.joint关节arthr-[G]7.heart心cardi-[G]心肌myocardi-8.brain脑encephal-[G]cerebrum大脑cerebr-[L]cerebellum小脑cerebell-[L]9.bile胆（汁）bili-[L]chole-,chol(o)-[G]10.liver肝hepat-[G]11.stomach胃gastr-[G]12.intestine肠enter-[G]

13.lung肺pneumon-[G]肺炎pneumonia,pneumonitis14.pneum(at)-呼吸，空气，肺气胸pneumothorax15.bronchus支气管bronch-[L]16.spleen脾splen-[G]17.kidney肾nephr-[G]ren-[L]18.testis睾丸orchi(d)-[G]19.womb子宫metr-[G]uter-[L]20.breast乳房mast-[G]mamm-[L]21.spine脊柱rachi-[G]22.eye眼ophthalm-[G]ocul-[L]左眼oculussinister(0.S.)右眼oculusdexter(0.D.)23.ear耳auri-[L]外耳，心耳ot-[G]otitismedia中耳炎24.nose鼻nas-[L]otorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科学rhin-[G]rhinophyma(肥大性）酒糟鼻25.throat咽pharyng-[G]pharynxn.pharyngitis咽炎throat喉laryng-[G]larynxn.

喉炎laryngitis26.toothdent-[L]dentistry牙科学dentist牙科医生denture义齿，牙托odont-[G]odontolith牙结石27.bloodvesselangi-[G]vascul-[L]vascularadj.vasospasm血管痉挛vasoconstriction血管收缩28.vein静脉ven-[L]phleb-[G]29.artery动脉arteri-[L]30.nerve神经neur-[G]neurasthenia神经衰弱31.blood血haem-,hemat-,hem-32.bladder膀胱[G]cyst-cystitis膀胱炎cystofibroma囊性纤维瘤

33.bileduct胆管cholangi-34.fat脂肪lip-[G]35.fibre纤维fibr-[L]36.trachea气管trache-[G]37.meninx脑膜,脊髓膜mening-[G]38.spinalcord脊髓myel-[G]39.encephalomyel-脑脊髓40.colon结肠colo-[G]41.thrombus血栓thromb-[G]（embolus，plug)42.platelet血小板thrombocyt-[G]Diseasesandmorbidcondition疾病和病态1.炎(inflammation)-itis[G]2.疼痛(ache)-algia[G]neuralgia神经疼痛myalgia肌肉疼痛arthralgia关节疼痛3.膨出，疝(hernia)-cele[G]gastrocele胃疝4.扩张,膨胀(dilation)-ectasis[G]bronchiectasis支气管扩张5.充血,血症(congestion)-emia[G]anemia贫血症leukemia白血病bacteremia菌血症6.巨大,肿大(swelling)-megaly[G]hepatomegaly肝肿大splenomegaly脾肿大7.瘤(tumor)-oma[G]fibroma纤维瘤lipoma脂肪瘤encephaloma脑瘤8.病,(异常)增多(abnormalincrease)-osisacidosis酸中毒leukocytosis白细胞增多9.降低(decrease)-penia[G]lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞降低leukocytopenia白细胞降低10.麻痹,瘫痪(paralysis)–plegia[G]hemiplegia半身不遂quadriplegia四肢瘫痪11.下垂(prolapse)-optosisgastroptosis胃下垂choleocystoptosis胆囊下垂12.出血(hemorrhage)-rrhagiarhinorrhagia鼻出血gastrorrhagia胃出血

SurgicalOperation（外科手术）1.穿刺(puncture)-centisis[G]abdominocentisis腹腔穿刺thoracocentisis胸腔穿刺2.切除术(excision,removal,resection)-ectomy[G]thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术3.切开术(incise,incision),–otomy[G]tracheotomy气管切开术angiotomy血管切开术4.造口术,吻合术(anastomosev.anastomosisn.)-ostomygastrostomy胃吻合术enterostomy肠造口术colostomy结肠造口术tracheostomy气管造口术5.缝合术(suture)–orrhaphycardiorrhaphy,neurorrhaphy,angiorrhaphyPosition方位1.在…之上,在…之外epi-[G](on,out)epicondyle髁上骨epicardium心外膜epicardiectomy心外膜切除术epidermis表皮

在…上,超出(above)super-[L]supra-[L]superacute超急性旳supernormal超常旳superextension伸展过分旳supra-epiocondylar位于髁上骨之上旳supranormal超常旳suprarenal肾上旳，肾上腺旳2、在…下，次于，不足sub-[L](under)subacute亚急性旳subtotal次全旳subclinical亚临床旳subcostal肋下旳subnutrition营养不足下，在下(beneath)infra-[L]

infracostal肋下旳infracortical皮质下旳infraorbital眼眶下旳infra-axillary腋下旳3、向内，在内（within）end(o)-[G]endocrine内分泌endotoxin内毒素金

endoscope内窥镜endogenous内源性旳内，在内(within)intra-[L]

intracardiac心脏内旳intramuscular肌肉内旳intraoperative手术中旳intravenous静脉内旳intrahepatic肝内旳在内，入内，进入(within)intro-[L]introgastric导入胃内旳intromit插入introvert性格内向旳introflexion内屈4、外，外侧(outside)ect(o)-[G]

ectocardic心脏异位旳

ectogenous外源性旳ectotoxin外毒素向外、在外(outside)exo-[G]exotoxin外毒素exocrine外分泌exocardia心脏异位外，额外、向内(outward)extra-[L]

加在形容词之前表达超出、越出…之外extracellular细胞外旳extrasystole期外收缩旳extralegal法律权力以外旳extraordinary非凡旳5、在…前(before)ante-[L]anteflexin(子宫)前屈antemarital婚前

A.M.=antemeridian午前、上午antemortem死前(before)pre-[L]precardium心前部（心口）premature早产旳，precapillary前毛细血管presystole收缩前期前，初，前体(before,forward)pro-[G]proenzyme酶原procedure程序prochromosome初染色体6、post-[L](after)postmeridian午后旳postdiastolic舒张后旳posthepatitic肝炎后旳

postcerebral大脑后旳postwar战后旳postcerebellar小脑后旳postmortem死后(尸检)postgraduate硕士retro-[L](backward)向后，倒退retroperitoneal腹膜后旳retroaction反作用旳

retrobronchial支气管后旳7、旁，外，副，远处para-[G]parathyroid甲状旁腺旳paraplegia截瘫旳，下肢麻痹旳parasympathetic副交感旳8、在…周围peri-[G]pericardium心包

periosteum骨膜perimeter周长

Comparison对比1.macro-大(异常体积)[G]巨球蛋白macroglobulin巨细胞macrocyte巨结肠macrocolon肉眼检验macroscopemega-[G]巨直肠megarectummegalo-[G]巨脾megalosplenia

micro-小[G]微生物microbe显微镜microscope显微外科microsurgery微型手术刀microtome微波microwave

2.multi-多[L]多病灶旳multifocal多核旳multinuclear多型旳multiform多菌感染multi-infection细胞簇multicellpluri-多[L]多核旳plurinuclear

全血球降低pluricytopenia多种耐药性旳pluriresistantpoly-多[G]多腺瘤polyadenoma多血管炎polyangiitis红细胞增多症polycytemia多动脉炎polyarteritis

oligo-少,不足[G]红细胞过少oligocytemia白细胞过少oligoleukocytosis营养不足oligotrophia胆汁过少oligocholia3.tachy-快[G]心动过速tachycardia呼吸急促tachypnea记速器tachymeter迅速免疫法tachyphylaxis心收缩过速(期外收缩)tachysystole

brady-慢[G]心动过缓bradycardia呼吸徐缓bradypnea心舒张期延长bradydiastole4.hyper-过高,超出[G]高血压hypertension高脂肪血症hyperlipemia代谢过盛hypermetablism体温过高hyperthermiahypo-低下,过少[G]低血糖症hypoglycemia贫血hypohemia=anemia低血压hypotension甲状腺技能减退hypothyroidism

Examination检验（措施和仪器）1.-ography造影术,X光摄影术,描记法胆管造影术cholangiography心动描记法cardiography放射摄影术radiography断层摄影术temography胆囊造影术cholecystography2.-oscopy镜检法,检验法膀胱镜检法cystoscopy胃镜检验法gastroscopy喉镜检验法laryngoscopy气管镜检法tracheoscopy结肠镜检法coloscopy肝脏检验法hepatoscopy3.(o)metry-计数法，测量法血小板计数法thrombometry白细胞计数法leukocytometry红细胞计数法erythrocytometry结石测定法lithometry血红素测定法hemoglobinometry4.-graph[G]描记器，统计器，照片肠运动统计器enterograph脉搏计angiograph呼吸运动描记器pneumograph肝搏动描记器hepatograph5.-gram描记波，描记图，照片肌运动描记波myogram心动图cardiogram5.scope-镜，检验器胃镜gastroscope气管镜tracheoscope膀胱镜cystoscope口腔镜stomatoscope石镜检验器lithoscope呼吸检验器pneumoscope肌缩检验器myoscope6.-(o)meter计数器，测量器细胞计数器cytometer结石测定器lithometer血小板计数器thrombometer血成份测定器hematometer肠腔测量器enterometer血管口径张力器angiometer肌力计myometer呼吸气量测定器pneumometer

Exercise

1.关节疼痛8.脑膜炎2.膀胱疝9.血管扩张3.脂血症10.静脉出血4.肝瘤11.脾肿大5.血小板降低12.脑瘫6.神经官能症13.腰穿7.子宫下垂14.肝切除术

Exercise

1.关节疼痛arthralgia2.膀胱疝cystocele3.脂血症lipemia4.肝瘤hepatoma5.血小板降低thrombocytopenia6.神经官能症neurosis7.子宫下垂hysteroptosis/metroptosis/uteroptosis

8.脑膜炎meningitis9.血管扩张angiectasis10.静脉出血phleborrhagia11.脾肿大splenomegaly12.脑瘫encephaloplegia13.腰穿lumbocentisis14.肝切除术hepatectomy15.静脉放血术16.胃肠吻合术17.血管缝合术18.气管切开术19.支气管镜检法20.充气胃镜检验法21.肺x光摄影术22.肾造影术23.巨淋巴细胞24.显微外科25.多动脉炎26.细胞增多症27.白细胞降低28.心动过速29.呼吸缓慢30.高血糖症31.甲状腺机能亢进32.低血压15.静脉放血术phlebotomy16.胃肠吻合术gastroenterostomy17.血管缝合术angiorrhaphy18.气管切开术tracheotomy19.支气管镜检法bronchoscopy20.充气胃镜检验法pneumogastroscopy21.肺x光摄影术pneumonography

22.肾造影术nephrography23.巨淋巴细胞macrolymphocyte24.显微外科microsurgery25.多动脉炎polyarteritis26.细胞增多症cytosis/polycythemia27.白细胞降低oligocytosisoligocythemia28.心动过速tachycardia

29.呼吸缓慢bradypnea30.高血糖症hyperglycemia31.甲状腺机能亢进hyperthyroidism32.低血压hypotensionUnitOne1.Comparedwithothernutrients,thereislessdemandforvitaminsandmineralsalt.2.LackofVitaminCmayresultinscurvy,adiseasewhichischaracterizedbypainfulmuscle,weakness,hemorrhage,fragilebones,looseteethanddentalcaries.3.VitaminsareclassifiedaccordingtothelettersofEnglishalphabet.TheyarereferredtoasVitaminsA,B,C,D,E,KandcomplexVitaminB.4.Nutriology(Thescienceofnutrition)isthestudyofhowfoodaffectshumanbody.Or:Nutriologyisasciencewhichdealswiththestudyofhowfoodaffectsthehumanbody.5.ItisthoughtthatVitaminCcanimproveshort-termmemoryandevencan“cure”schizophrenia.UnitFour1.Existence(Subsistence)dependsonacontinuoussupplyoffoodandoxygen.Theformerentersthehumanbodythroughthedigestivesystemwhilethelatterthroughtherespiratorysystem.2.Sometimesthevesselsoftheliverorkidneysmaycontract,inwhichcasetheorgancouldshrink.3.Onetypicalsymptomofnephritisisedemawhichmeansabnormalaccumulationoffluidsinbodytissuesorbodycavities.4.Thelong-termdamagetonephronshasfinallymadethekidneyscompletelylosetheirfunctions.5.Whenrenalfunctionisdestroyed,theexcretory

speedofuriccalciumslowsdown.

UnitSix1.AlthoughDNAdactyloscopy(fingerprint)wasnotusedasamethodofdifferentialexamination,itwasusedtofind/seekhereditarymarksforhereditarydisorders.2.Ifonlyasmallnumberofachild’sDNAstripstallywithhismother’sorhisfather’s,thechild’sparentsareothers,notthosewhosefingerprintshavebeenexamined.

3.par.4onP.394.Socalledviraltransductionistoinsertthedesiredgeneintoavirusthatwouldinfecttheafflictedtissueandusethevirustogetthegenetoitstargetcellswithdefectivegenes.5.Thelastsentenceonpage41.

UnitEight1.Theheart,bloodandvesselsmakeupthreeimportantpartsofthevascularsystem.2.Theoxygenatedbloodreturnstotheheartthroughthepulmonaryveins.3.CapillariesarethesmallbloodvesselswhichJointhearteriolestovenules.4.Mildhypertensionislimitedbysomespecialiststothenumbers/readingsofdiastolicpressuresbetween90-110mmHg.5.Beforemiddleageapersonwithsystolicpressureabove150ordiastolicpressureabove90allthetimeshouldbeconsideredasahypertensive.

UnitEleven1.Leukemiaischaracterizedbyabnormalproliferationofleukocytesoftenwithanemiaandenlargementoflymphnodes,spleenandliver.2.Atpresentthecausesofleukemiaisstillunknown.Thediagnos