文献汇报课件-参考

文献汇报2015/12/2什么是文献汇报文献汇报是指汇报人对一篇或多篇文献进行深入阅读研究后，对文献研究背景，研究目的，研究方法、研究手段和研究结果以及对汇报人有何启示等方面以书面形式进行的报告。作者为什么要进行研究？怎么样研究？研究结果如何？对汇报人的启发？新课题的启示？对自己工作的指导意义？为什么要进行文献汇报汇报人学习和掌握本学科前沿进展，避免“闭门造车以牛人大家的工作为参照，学习研究思路，Idea对自己工作水平的判断组内其它成员了解相关领域的知识，拓宽视野提高个人写文章的能力，制作PPT的能力和讲演能力督促学习怎样进行文献汇报选择文献阅读目标文献及重要参考文献研究文献文献汇报组内讨论（非文献本身）文献汇报的结构文献简介（发表时间，杂志，作者，作者研究领域）文献结构文献思路和文献内容有何启发如何选择文献课题相关层次深，影响力强（IF）内容新颖经典文献，最新文献，仪器方法，科普宣传，综述文献如何查找文献一般搜索引擎（Google,Bing,Baidu等）文献搜索引擎（Pubmed,Webofscience，中国知网，维普等）网络数据库（Nature，Science,Springer,Elsevier,Wiley,ACS，RSC等）大连理工大学图书馆：各学科网络数据库，国内外硕博论文数据库国内论坛：小木虫，丁香园，化学吧等选择和自己领域相关的几个杂志，定期阅读更新的文章如何查找文献如何阅读文献略读概读详读精读文献结构背景实验方法实验结果讨论和结论参考文献附加数据选择文献文献简介1.题目：Organometallicpalladiumreagentsforcysteinebioconjugation2.杂志：Nature（IF41.456）3.文章类型：Letter（Aticles,Newsandviews）4.作者：EkaterinaV.Vinogradova1*,ChiZhang1*,AlexanderM.Spokoyny,BradleyL.Pentelute1&StephenL.Buchwald15.作者研究领域：Organicmethodology(Buchwald-Hartwigreaction)文献背景(大背景和小背景)大背景（研究意义和研究难点）：Post-translationalmodificationsgreatlyexpandthefunctionofproteins5.Chemistsaimtomimicthesuccessofsuchnaturaltransformationsthroughthedevelopmentofchemo-andregioselectivereactionsofproteins.Thediversityofpotentiallyreactivefunctionalgroupspresentinbiomolecules(forexample,amides,acids,alcohols,amines)combinedwiththerequirementforfastkineticsandmildreactionconditions(forexample,aqueoussolvent,pH6–8，temperatureT,37℃)makechallengingthedevelopmentofnewtechniquestofunctionalizeproteins.

小背景（同行研究水平）：Nevertheless,methodshaveemergedforbioconjugationwithnaturalandunnaturalaminoacidsinproteinmolecules6,7.Cysteineisakeyresidueforthechemicalmodificationofproteinsowingtotheuniquereactivityofthethiolfunctionalgroupandthelowabundanceofcysteineresiduesinnaturallyoccurringproteins8,9.MichaeladditiontomaleimidesandSN2reactionwithalkylhalidesarecommonlyusedforcysteinemodification.Theresultingconjugatestendtodecomposeinthepresenceofexternalbasesorthiolnucleophiles10,whichpromptedtherecentdevelopmentofadvancedcysteinebioconjugationsfortheimprovedstabilityofconjugates.Theabilitytoachievehighlevelsofchemo-andregioselectivitythroughthejudiciouschoiceofmetalandliganddesignsuggestthatmetal-mediatedprocessescouldbeveryattractiveforthedevelopmentofnewbioconjugations.Existingmetal-basedtransformationsoftenrelyontheuseoffunctionalhandles12orunnaturalaminoacids,suchas4-iodophenylalanineandaldehyde-oralkyne-containingaminoacids3,4,13,andrequirehighconcentrations(mM)ofderivatizingagents,whichcancauseoff-targetreactivityorpurificationproblems.文献背景(大背景和小背景)Weconsideredthatpalladiumcomplexesresultingfromtheoxidativeadditionofarylhalidesortrifluoromethanesulfonates14couldbeusedforthetransferofarylgroupstocysteineresiduesinproteins(Fig.1a).(Forexistingtransition-metal-catalysedC–Sbond-formingreactions,seeref.15.)Theefficiencyandselectivityoftheproposedreactionwiththehighlyactivepalladiumspeciesmaybehamperedbythepresenceofavarietyoffunctionalgroupswithincomplexbiomolecules.Furthermore,thepresenceoffreethiolshasbeenpreviouslyshowntoinhibitpalladium-catalysedcross-couplingreactionsonpeptides16,whilePd(II)-complexeshavealsobeenshowntoexhibitprotease-likebehaviourwithcertainpeptides17.However,weenvisionedthatthecarefulchoiceofligandwouldprovidestable,yethighlyreactivereagentsforthedesiredtransformations(Fig.1b),whiletheinteractionbetweenthesoftnucleophilecysteinethiolandthearylpalladium(II)specieswouldguideitsselectivity.文献背景(Howideascome)文献背景（新方法、技术或成果的引出）Webeganourstudywithapalladium–tolylcomplex(1A–OTf;Fig.1c)using2-dicyclohexylphosphino-29,69-diisopropoxybiphenyl(RuPhos)astheligandandtrifluoromethanesulfonateasthecounterion.Amodelpeptide(P1;Fig.1c)wasusedfortheoptimizationofthereactionconditionsandfortheexplorationofthesubstratescope.Fullconversionofthestartingpeptidetothecorrespondingarylproductwasobservedinlessthan5minatlowmicromolarconcentrationsofreagents(Fig.1c).Further,thereactionwasselectiveforcysteine.Noreactionwasobservedusingacontrolpeptidewithcysteinemutatedtoserine(SupplementaryInformation),incontrasttothepalladiummediatedproteinallylation,whichisselectivefortyrosine(O-allylation)overlysineandcysteine(N-andS-allylation).(Thenewaryl–palladiumreagentsarelesselectrophilicthantheallylpalladiumspeciesusedinref.18,whichtunestheirselectivitytowardscysteineresidueswhilemakingthemcompletelyunreactivetowardsalcoholbasedspeciesliketyrosine.)Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofchoosingtherightligand,whichfacilitatesC–Sreductiveeliminationand,togetherwiththeoverallelectrophilicityofthepalladiumcentre,tunestheselectivityofthetransformation.实验结果与讨论（条件筛选）实验结果与讨论（条件筛选）底物扩展1（Substratescope）底物扩展2（Substratescope）底物扩展3（Substratescope）实验结论Wenotethattheeaseofpreparation,storageanduseofthepresentpalladiumreagentsmakethemparticularlyattractiveforroutineapplicationinchemistry,biology,medicineandmaterialsscience.Furtherevolutionofthemetalsandligandsemployedwillprobablyprovideanextendedsetof