2020年上海市高三英语一模训练-完形填空

04-2020年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之完形填空

2020奉贤一模

Ecologyisacomplicatedthing.Giventhefactsthatelephantdamageoftenkillstreesand

bushfiresoftenkilltrees,itwouldbe41toassumethatacombinationofthetwowould

makethingsworse.Contrarytothisassumption.42、astherecently-publishedresearchby

BenjaminWigleyshows,ifatreehasalreadybeendamaged,firecan43helptomake

thingsbetter.

Onecommonwayinwhichelephantsharmtreesisbystripping（剥）themoftheir

bark（树皮）.DrWigley,whodidindeedstartfromtheobvious44,setofftofindouthow

muchworsebushfireswouldmaketheeffectsofthisbarkstripping.Toservethispurpose,he

setupastudyintheKrugerNationalPark.Since1954,theKrugerhasbeenthesiteof

experimentsinwhichplotsoflandhavebeenburned45,tounderstandtheeffectsoffire

onplainecology.Intheseexperiments,DrWigleylookedattreesinthreedifferentzones,in

oneofwhich,thetreeswereburnedeveryyear;inthesecond,theywereburnedeveryother

year,whilethethirdzone,bycontrast,wasactively46fire.Tokeepthingsconsistent,he

lookedatthefateofthesametreespecies,themarula（马鲁拉树）,inallthreezones.He

pickedmarulasbecausetheyareparticular47ofelephantactivity.Theirfruitaredelicious,

andprizedbyelephantsandpeoplealike.Butelephantsalsoseemtoenjoyeatingtheirbark.

InJuly2016heandhiscolleaguesidentified20marulasineveryzoneandusedspecialtools

to48fromeachofthemacircularsectionofbark5cmindiameter.Havingimposedthis

damage,they49thewoundsoverthecourseofthefollowingtwoyears,toseewhatwould

happen.Totheir50,theydiscoveredthatthewoundsoftreesinfirezonesrecoveredfar

betterthanthoseoftreesthathadseennofiresatall.Woundedtreesintheannualburnzone

re-grew98%oftheirlost51duringthetwoyearsofthestudy.Thoselivinginthe

biennial（两年——次的）burnzonere-grew92%ofit.Butthoseinthezonewherefireswere

52re-grewonly72%.

Theresearchersalsofoundsomethingelsewhentheyweremeasuringthetrees9wounds:

ants.Tenofthe20treesinthefire-preventionzonedevelopedantcoloniesintheirwounds.

Theantsinquestionwereaspeciesthatisknowntodamagetreesandissupposedto53

tissuehealing.Bycontrast,onlyfivetreesinthebiennialburnzoneandthreeintheannual

zonedevelopedants'nestsintheirwounds.Itlooks,therefore,asifbushfiresaretreating

trees'woundsbykillingantsth54jrd(^totiizeanddamagethem.Thoughsuchfires

aresurelyharmfultohealthytrees,itseems,inanexampleoftwonegativesmakingapositive,

asiftheyareactually55tosickones.

41.A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful

42.A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow

43.A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely

44.A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption

45.A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely

46.A.burntwithB.protectedfromC.coveredbyD.exposedto

47.A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends

48.A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure

49.A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored

50.A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief

51.A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength

52.A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted

53.A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken

54.A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise

55.A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel

41-55BACDBBCBDBCBADA

2020宝山一模

MonacoGrandPrix

Theairisfreshwiththeheatofearlysummerasyouarriveinthebeautifulcountryof

Monacoonthedayoftherace.Your___41totheMonte-Carloneighborhoodisbursting

withcolorasclassicstylesofEuropeanarchitecturecatchyoureye.Whenyoureachtherace

coursearea,youareledtotheharborwhereyouwillwatchtheracefromthe42ofa

friendsyacht（游艇）.Soon,theFormulaOnecarswillpullontothestartingpointandthe

racewillbegin.

EachofthecarsintheMonacoGrandPrixis43,butallofthemarefastand

modem.Theracecoursealso44asbeingcomplexanddifficult,withafrightening

hairpin（发夹）turnalongaverynarrowstreet.45thesestreetsatspeedsover150

kilometersperhour,driversmusttakeover.Eventheslightest46couldturna

multi-milliondollarcarintoapileofwaste.Thedriverwhoclaimsfirstplacereceivesan

awardandwillgodown47asoneoftheworld'sfinestdrivers.

Indianapolis500

Onracedaythegrandstands（大看台）arefilledwithexcitementasyouenterthe

IndianapolisMotorSpeedway.Youfindyourseat,48yourselfagainsttheharsh

heat

andmarvelatthehugeblackoval（椭圆形的）trackbelow.Momentslater,afleetofIndy

Cars

rollsontothetrack,49themselvesin11neatrowsofthree.Thesoundof33

turningenginesringsinyourears,andyoucheerwiththecrowdasthepowerfulcarstakeoff

fromthestartingline.

UnlikeMonacoFormulaOnecars,Indycarsaremoreuniformintheir50.

Theytendtobemuchlonger,andreach260kilometersperhour.Sincethedriversmustrace

for500miles,theraceisquitelong,51threetofivehours.Theresultingwearand

tearoneachcarismanagedwithshortstop.Thedriver'sexcellentteamperforms

52atamazingspeeds.Thedangerousnatureofthisracerequires53

communicationbetweenthedriversandtheirteams.Theymustplanshortstops54

orthedriverlosesprecioustimeanditcould55themtherace.

41.A.memoryB.aimC.anxietyD.ride

42.A.comfortB.positionC.bottomD.direction

43.A.colorfulB.fashionableC.uniqueD.similar

44.A.comesoutB.standsoutC.turnsoutD.pointsout

45.A.CrossingB.ConstructingC.DrivingD.Competing

46.A.touchB.spotC.errorD.hole

47.A.inhistoryB.inadvanceC.inreturnD.inall

48.A.pushingB.drawingC.fightingD.fanning

49.A.followingB.arrangingC.warningD.urging

50.A.designB.preparationC.displayD.regulation

51.A.timingB.extendingC.delayingD.lasting

52.A.checkB.maintenanceC.deviceD.condition

53.A.shortB.specialC.constantD.loud

54.A.professionallyB.positivelyC.directlyD.carefully

55.A.costB.sacrificeC.defeatD.fail.

41-45DACBA46-50CADBA51-55DBCDA

2020崇明一模

Whatdidwedotodeservecatsanddogs?Notonlyaretheysupercuteandmakeus

smileonadailybasis,scientistsfromWashingtonStateUniversityhavenowprovedthat

touchingourfavourite_41—friendsgentlyforjusttenminutesisaneffectivewaytoreduce

stresslevels.

InfindingspublishedinAERAOpen一anopenaccessjournalpublishedbythe

AmericanEducationalResearchAssociation一lastmonth,scientistsshowedthatthegeneral

—42—ofstudentsimprovesquickly,witheventhosewhoarehighlystressedshowing

nsignificanf,reductionincortisollevels—achemicalproducedbyourbodiesinlimesof

stress.

Manyuniversitieshaveadopted"PetYourStressAway"programswherestudentscan

—43—catsordogsanditappearstobeshowingbothpsychologicalandphysiological

benefitsnow.

Theresearch,conductedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),showsthatpets

improvestudents'moods,andtheir_44—asstress-relievingphysiologicalbenefits."Just10

minutescanhaveasignificant_45_saidPatriciaPendry,anassociateprofessorinWSU*s

DepartmentofHumanDevelopment.

Thisisthefirststudythathasdemonstratedreductionsinstudents'cortisollevels

duringa_46—intervention(介入).

Theteamchose249collegestudentsandputthemintotourrandomgroupsand

comparedtheeffectsofdifferent_47—toanimals.Thefirstgroupwereprovided10

minutesofactualinteractionwithdogsandcats.Thesecondgroupwaitedinlinewhile

—48—otherspettingtheanimals.Thethirdgroupwatchedaslide-showofthesame

animals,whilethefourthgrouphadto_49—andwastoldtheywouldbeallowedtosecthe

animalsafter10minutes.

Salivarycortisol_50—werecollectedfromeachparticipantstartingfromthe

momenttheywokeupinthemorning.Therewassignificantlylesscortisolinthesalivaof

studentswhohad_51—interactionwiththepets.

Manyuniversitieshavestartedthese_52—wherestudentscaninteractwithcatsor

dogstohelprelievethepressuresofhighereducation."Wealreadyknewthatstudentsenjoy

interactingwithanimals,andthatithelpsthemexperiencemore_53_emotions/9Dr

Pendrysaid."Whatwewantedtolearnwaswhetherthisexposurewouldhelpstudentsreduce

theirstressinaless_54_way.Anditdid,whichis_55—becausethereductionof

stresschemicalsmay,overtime,havesignificantbenefitsforphysicalandmenialhealth.

41.A.newB.furryC.closeD.personal

42.A.enduranceB.awarenessC.educationD.well-being

43.A.glanceatB.focusonC.interactwithD.escapefrom

44.A.presenceB.performanceC.intelligenceD.perseverance

45.A.potentialB.problemC.chanceD.impact

46.A.real-lifeB.part-timeC.first-rateD.high-quality

47.A.responsesB.exposuresC.contributionsD.approaches

48.A.keepingB.preventingC.observingD.catching

49.A.swearB.waitC.superviseD.appreciate

50.A.samplesB.levelsC.injectionsD.tips

51.A.littleB.harmoniousC.informalD.direct

52.A.campaignsB.programsC.researchesD.majors

53.A.complexB.intenseC.familiarD.positive

54.A.subjectiveB.riskyC.mysteriousD.effective

55.A.demandingB.challengingC.excitingD.disappointing

41.B42.D43.C44.A45.D46.A47.B48.C49.B50.A

51.D52.B53.D54.A55.C

2020虹口一模

Amazon,comInc.ischeckingoutofChina'sfiercelycompetitiomnieiRQStice

market.ThecompanytoldsellersonThursdaythatitwouldnolonger_41—itsthird-party

onlinemarketplaceorprovidesellerservicesonitsChinesewebsite,A.

___42___,domesticcompanieswillnolongerbeabletosellproductstoChineseconsumers

onitse-commerceplatform.

Thedecisionmarksanendtoalong___43___byAmerica'se-commercegiantsinthe

Chinesemarket.ThefirmsenteredtheChinesemarketwithgreatattentionintheearly2000s,

onlyto___44___inthefaceofcompetitionfromChina'sfaster-movingInternetgiants.

Amazonhasbeenintalksto___45___itse-commercebusinessforgoodsimportedinto

ChinawithaChinesecompetitor,NetEaseInc/sKaola,inastock-for-stocktransaction

（交易）,accordingtoapersonfamiliarwiththematter.ThatwouldremovetheAmazon

namefrom__46___e-commerceinChina.Neithercompanywouldconfirmtheprogressor

detailsofthose___47___,norwouldtheysayiftheyarecontinuing.

Inawrittenstatement,Amazonsaiditremained___48___toChinathroughitsglobal

stores,Kindlebusinessesandwebservices.AmazonChina'spresidentwouldleavetotakeon

anotherrolewithinthecompany,thecompanysaid.TheChinaconsumer-businessteamwill

report___49___tothecompany'sglobalteam.

WhenAmazonfirstenteredChinain2004withthe___50ofJ,itwasthe

largestonlinesellerforbooks,musicandvideothere.MostChineseconsumerswereusing

cash-on-deliveryastheirtoformof___51___.Today,AmazonChinachieflycatersto

customerslookingforimportedinternationalgoodssuchascosmeticsandmilkpowderandis

a（n）___52___playerintheboomingChinesee-commercemarket.

AmazonChinacommandedjust6%ofgrossmarketvolumeintheniche（细分的）cross

-bordere-commercemarketinthefourthquarterof2018,versusNetEaseKaola's25%

_53___andthe32%heldbyAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd/sTmallInternational

Chineseconsumersarebecomingmorefascinatedwith___54___brands.In2011,85%of

Chineseconsumerssaidtheywouldalwaysbuyaforeignbrandoveradomesticone.By2016,

60%ofrespondentssaidtheypreferreddomesticoverforeignbrands.ShaunRein,China

Marketresearch'sfounder,saidAmericane-commercegiants__55___obstaclesinChina

becausetheydidn'tofferedtheproductsoruserexperiencethatconsumerswerelookingfor.

41.A.assistB.expandC.operateD.tailor

42.A.AsaresultB.BycontrastC.ForexampleD.Inaddition

43.A.criticismB.negotiationC.struggleD.resolution

44.A.interactB.withdrawC.splitD.survive

45.A.associateB.combineC.exchangeD.supply

46.A.time-consumingB.long-sufferingC.ever-lastingD.consumer-facing

47.A.talksB.businessesC.competitionsD.instructions

48.A.relatedB.accustomedC.exposedD.committed

49.A.automaticallyB.directlyC.regularlyD.secretly

50.A.breakdownB.improvementC.purchaseD.participation

51.A.refundB.paymentC.sponsorshipD.trade

52.A.complicatedB.criticalC.originalD.insignificant

53.A.shareB.budgetC.volumeD.maximum

54.A.foreignB.luxuriousC.domesticD.fashionable

55.A.dealtwithB.forgotaboutC.gotthroughD.cameacross

41-45CACBB46-50DADBC51-55BDACD

2020黄浦一模

Endangeredlanguagescanbefoundthroughouttheworld.Manylanguagesnowhavefewer

than100orevenfewerthan10speakers.Thecrisisisnotlimitedtoremoteregionsofthe

world.WhenEuropeansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica,312differentlanguageswere_41—,

ofwhich123arenowknowntobeextinct.Ofthe_42_languages,mostspeakersare

grandparentsandgreat-grandparents.

Differentresearchersofferdifferentdefinitionsof“endangered”.Thesystemof_43_

usedbytheCatalogueofEndangeredLanguagesevaluateslanguagesinfourareas:the

—44—ofallthespeakers,howoftenthelanguageisconveyedtothenext_45—,therateat

whichitislosingspeakersandthe_46—inwhichitisused.Basedonthisdata,languages

arerankedonasix-pointscalefrom“saffe"to"severelyendangered.,,Themidpoint,

“endangered“referstolanguagewithbetween100and1,000speakerswhorepresentabout

halfofthelanguage'scommunityorethnicgroup.Thelanguageisspokenonlybysome

parents,ofwhomveryfewteachittotheirchildren.Itis_47_usedathomeandisnot

taughtinschoolsorusedforgovernmentbusiness.

Languagesbecomeendangeredduetoanumberof_48—factorsincluding

globalization,economics,technology,educationpolicy,andchangesin_49—attitudes.As

theforcesofglobalizationmaketheworldmoreinterconnected,previously_50—language

communitiescomeunderpressuretoparticipateinalargereconomy,whichmeanslearning

thearea'smajoritylanguage._51_,localschoolsoftenbegintoteachthemajoritylanguage

insteadofthelocaltongue.Locallanguagesalso_52—ascommunitiesadoptmobilephones

andcomputersmostofwhichrunonsoftwarethathasbeentranslatedintoonlyahandfulof

languages.Thistrend_53—asthesedevicesconnectuserstotheInternet.Atthispoint,

manycommunitiesundergoacultural_54—inwhichparentsnolongervaluethelanguage

enoughtoteachittotheirchildren.

Initiativesto_55—endangeredlanguageshavebecomemorenumerousinrecentyears.

Theseeffortstendtofocusontwomainareas:thedocumentationofendangeredlanguages,

andeffortstoincreasetheuseofendangeredlanguagesamongyoungerspeakersandinthe

communityatlarge.

41.A.athandB.atriskC.inuseD.inview

42.A.ancientB.evolvingC.localD.surviving

43.A.assessmentB.classificationC.descriptionD.research

44.A.ageB.backgroundC.numberD.religion

45.A.committeeB.centuryC.generationD.government

46.A.contentB.occupationsC.situationsD.themes

47.A.advisedlyB.efficientlyC.primarilyD.rarely

48.A.balancingB.complicatingC.historicalD.interrelated

49.A.culturalB.mentalC.moralD.religious

50.A.foreignB.informalC.isolatedD.national

51.A.ForexampleB.IncontrastC.InresponseD.Viceversa

52.A.boomB.developC.disappearD.suffer

53.A.ceasesB.changesC.increasesD.starts

54.A.differenceB.influenceC.shiftD.variety

55.A.enrichB.purifyC.refreshD.standardize

41-50CDAACCDDACBCCCC

2020嘉定一模

Inproductdesign,imagininguser'sfeelingsleadstomoreoriginaloutcomes

Researchersfindthatinanewproductdesign,connectingwithuser'sheart,ratherthan

theirhead,canleadtomoreoriginalandcreativeoutcomes.

Developingoriginaland_41_productsiscriticaltoacompany'slong-termsuccess.

Thus,understandingwhatinfluencesoriginalitycanhaveimportantandpotentially_42—

consequencesforbusinesses.RaviMehta,aprofessorofbusinessadministration,showsthat

adoptinga(n)—43—thatimagineshowtheuserwouldfeelwhileusingaproductleads

designerstoexperiencegreaterempathy(同感),which_44—creativityand,inturn,

outcomeoriginalityfornewproductdesign.

Therearetwowaysthattheproductdesignercan_45_theconsumer'sproductusage.

Onefocusesonobjectiveuseoftheproduct-howconsumersmightusetheproduct,thatis,

an"objective-imagination“approach.Theotherfocusesonfeelings-howtheproductmakes

theconsumerfeel,a“ffeeling・imaginatiorTapproach.

Consumersalwayswanttohavenewproductsthatsolveproblemsmoreefficientlyand

atalesscost.Soproductdesigners_46—thistrapofbeingveryobjectiveinfocusingonthe

useofaproduct.That'simportant,leadsdesignerstoexperiencegreaterempathy,which

makesthemmore_48—,thefeelings-imaginationapproachleadsdesignerstoexperience

greaterempathy,whichmakesthemmore_49_totheconsumers9ideas.Thisleadsto

greateroutcomeoriginality.Mehtasaid,“whenyouimagineconsumersandfbcusontheir

feelings,thafspowerfulandwillleadtosomethingmuchmoreinnovativethanonlyfocusing

onaproduct'susage."Theresearchshowsthatafeelings-basedapproachis_50_tothe

commonlyusedobjective-basedapproach,theresearcherswrote.Itnotonlyhelpsproduct

designersbuildabetterproduct,butisalsothemcreatemoreinnovativeproducts.

Theimplicationsofthefindingsextendtoeverydayconsumers,whonowplayarolein

shapingcompaniesdesign.Mehtasaid,"Marketersareincreasingly_51_consumersfor

newproductideas."_52_,therewasverysuccessfulcampaignafewyearsagofocusedon

gettingconsumerstocreateanewpotatochipflavor.

Theexperimentsdemonstrateda_53—effectofadoptingafeelings-imagination

approach.Thatsuggestthatthesedesignersmay_54_imaginingusers'feelings.Inthis

way,designerscandevelopproductsthecould_55_tothemasses.Companiescaneasily

adoptthisprocessandpromotefeelings-imaginationexercisethroughtheirwebsitesorsocial

media.

41.A.primaryB.innovativeC.naturalD.domestic

42.A.temporaryB.slightC.indefiniteD.profitable

43.A.policyB.proposalC.approachD.standard

44.A.enhancesB.exhibitsC.illustratesD.explores

45.A.recommendB.extendC.exploitD.imagine

46.A.fallapartB.figureoutC.fallintoD.turninto

47.A.originalityB.objectivityC.creativityD.flexibility

48.A.InconclusionB.InadditionC.AsaresultD.Bycontrast

49.A.openB.harmfulC.resistantD.equal

50.A.evidentB.superiorC.relevantD.alert

51.A.joininginB.applyingtoC.turningtoD.takingto

52.A.InrealityB.InotherwordsC.What'smoreD.Forexample

53.A.dramaticB.positiveC.negativeD.serious

54.A.dependonB.benefitfromC.contributetoD.involvein

55.A.appealB.referC.adaptD.commit

41-45BDCAD46-50CBDAB51-55CDBBA

2020静安一模

IntheFakeNewsEra,BuildingTrustwithConsumersIsCrucial

Withconsumersgrowingincreasinglyfrustratedwithonlineadvertisingandprivacy

concerns,howdoyouconvinceshopperstobuyyournarrative（叙述），letaloneyourproduct?

ArecentreportbyTrustRadius,asoftwarereviewcompanythatconnectsbuyersand

vendors（供应商），maybeabletoshedsomelight.Amongotherinterestingfindings,itturns

outthatitmayactuallybenefitbrandstobepainfully_41—abouttheirproducts.

Consumerawarenessofinfluencermarketingtactics（策略）isincreasing.—42—,

accordingtothereport,mostconsumerstrustonlinepeer_43—asmuchas

recommendationsfromfriends一andwellabovecompanyadvertisingmessage.Feedback

fromeverydayfolks,itseems,actuallycarriesmore_44_thanabrandambassador（大使）

fromanout-of-reachpersonality.

Transparency（透明度）iscrucial.Thereportfoundthatthereisalargetrust_45—

betweenvendorsandbuyers.Whilevendorsbelievetheyaretransparent,mostbuyersdon't

appeartoseeit.Duringthesalesprocess,forexample,85percentofvendors_46—tobe

openabouttheirproduct'slimitationsduringthesalesprocess一butonly36percentof

buyerssharethatsameview.Therealityis,consumersdon'texpectanyproductstobe

—47一一theyjustwanttoenterrelationshipswiththeireyeswideopensothattheycan

—48—theoptionsthatarebestforthem.Theyalsowantbrandstobemore_49—.66

percentofconsumerssaytheywillleaveacompanyiftheyfeeltheyarebeingtreatedlikea

numberandnotanindividual.

Alongwiththecombinationoffakenews,advertisingfraud,anddataleaks,therehave

beenfakereviewsaswell.Reviewsiteshavebeen_50—givingpreferential

treatmenttopaidadvertisers,andconsumersareincreasinglydiscerning（有辨另！J力的）,asa

result.—51—,reviewsitesarenotouronlysourceofpeerreviews,withsocialmedia

providingcustomerexperiencesonasecond-to-secondbasis.Whenbrandstreatevery_52—

withacustomerasapotentialreview,they'llstartpayingmoreattentiontodetail,andbeing

alerttodeliveringavaluedandmemorableexperienceeverytime.Takingfeedbackseriously

alsoletscurrentcustomersfeelvaluedandrespectedandmakesyourbusinessseemmore

approachable.Thishelpssecure_53—,andoften,thesecustomerswillbecomebrand

ambassadorstotheirfriends,familyandpeopletheymeetonline.

Thechallengeforbrandstodayisdetermininghowtousethe_54—oftheconsumerto

theiradvantage.Inanageofcutting-edgetechnology,artificialintelligence,andself-service

customercare,it'soddtoacknowledgethatthebestwaytobuildtrustwithyourcustomersis

byholdinganopen_55—withyourcustomers.Beingmorehuman,transparent,and

listeningtowhatpeoplearesayingwillseeyourcompanythriveinaneramarkedby

consumersuspicion.

41.A.nervousB.honestC.careful

D.particular

42.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.Moreover

D.However

43.A.reviewsB.reactionsC.experiencesD.

instructions

44.A.weightB.risksC.warnings

D.burdens

45.A.relationshipB.influencec.gapD.

extension

46.A.refuseB.hesitateC.desire

D.claim

47.A.advancedB.perfectC.remarkableD.

unique

48.A.considerB.offerC.select

D.exercise

49.A.efficientB.profitableC.human

D.responsible

50.A.associatedwithB.mistakenbyC.praisedasD.

criticizedfor

51.A.OnthecontraryB.InfactC.Bycontrast

D.Inaword

52.A.cooperationB.complaintC.interactionD.

appointment

53.A.safetyB.loyaltyC.convenience

D.employment

54.A.moneyB.choiceC.habit

D.voice

55.A.dialogueB.debateC.competition

D.contract

41-55BCAACDBCCDBCBDA

2020闵行一模

Theexpression,“everybody'sdoingit,“isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptof

pressure.Itisasocialinfluenceappliedonanindividualinordertogetthatpersontoactor

believeina(n)_41_waysasalargergroup.Thisinfluencecanbenegativeorpositive,and

canexistinbothlargeandsmallgroups.

Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardly_42_thatsomepartoftheir

self-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctexplainswhytheapprovalof

peers,andthefearof_43_,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.Thisinstinct

drivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswerasimple"fine”

whenastrangerasks“howareyou?^^evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisa(n)_44一

aspecttothis:ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself­

disciplinethat_45_day-to-dayinteractionbetweenpeople.

Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomesa(n)

-46_:inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarasto_47—theirsenseofrightand

wrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthat_48—

criminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimefeel_49—tocoverupillegalactivityatthe

companywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesire

tobuyahouseorcarthattheycan'taffordinaneffortto_50_thepeers.

However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodat

—51—maybeurgedtoworkharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeel

driventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeof_52—canalsogetafriend

offdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.

Althoughpeerpressureisso