Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件

Optoelectronics光电子学

Photonics光电子

OptoelectronicsMeasurement光电测量微纳米系统实验室黎永前微纳米系统实验室黎永前PhotonicsThescienceofphotonicsincludesthegeneration,emission,transmission,modulation,signalprocessing,switching,amplification,detectionandsensingoflight.Thetermphotonicstherebyemphasizesthatphotonsareneitherparticlesnorwaves—theyaredifferentinthattheyhavebothparticleandwavenature.OptoelectronicsOptoelectronicsisthestudyandapplicationofelectronicdevicesthatsource,detectandcontrollight,usuallyconsideredasub-fieldofphotonics.Optoelectronicdevicesareelectrical-to-opticaloroptical-to-electricaltransducers,orinstrumentsthatusesuchdevicesintheiroperation.OptoelectronicsPhotoelectric

orphotovoltaiceffectphotodiodes(includingsolarcells)phototransistorsphotomultipliersTubeintegratedopticalcircuit(IOC)elementsPhotoconductivity,usedin:photoresistors

photoconductivecameratubescharge-coupledimagingdevicesStimulatedemission,usedin:injectionlaserdiodesquantumcascadelasersRadiativerecombination,usedin-light-emittingdiodesorLEDPhotoemissivity,usedin-photoemissivecameratubeSomePeopleweshouldknow!AugustinJeanFresnelAugustinJeanFresnel(1788-1827)wasaFrenchphysicist,andacivilengineer,whowasoneoftheprincipalproponentsofthewavetheoryoflight.Hemadeanumberofdistinctcontributionstoopticsincludingthewell-knownFresnellens.Duringhisenforcedleisuretimeheformulatedhiswaveideasoflightintoamathematicaltheory.DavidBrewster:polarizationlawDavidBrewster(1781-1868),aBritishphysicist,formulatedthepolarizationlawin1815AnillustrationofthepolarizationoflightwhichisincidentonaninterfaceatBrewster'sangle.LinearCircularEllipticalpolarizationstate.theevolutionoftheelectricfieldvector,alongwithitsxandycomponents(red/leftandgreen/right):Linearpolarization:Theratioofthestrengthsofthetwocomponentsisconstant,sothedirectionoftheelectricvectorisconstant.Thedirectionofthislinedependsontherelativeamplitudesofthetwocomponents.Circularpolarization:Thetwoorthogonalcomponentshaveexactlythesameamplitudeandareexactlyninetydegrees.Onecomponentiszerowhentheothercomponentisatmaximumorminimumamplitude.Ellipticalpolarization:Whenthetwocomponentsarenotinphaseandneitherhavethesameamplitudeorarenotninetydegrees,thoughtheirphaseoffsetandtheiramplituderatioareconstant.Fabry-Perot:F-PinterferometryCharlesFabry(1867-1945),left,andAlfredPerot(1863-1925),right,werethefirstFrenchphysiciststoconstructanopticalcavityforinterferometry

WilliamLawrenceBragg(1890-1971),AustralianbornBritishphysicist,wontheNobelprizewithhisfatherWilliamHenryBraggforhis"famousequation"whenhewasonly25yearsold.ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefractionChristiaanHuygens(1629-1695),aDutchphysicist,explainedthisdoublerefractionintermsofordinaryandextraordinarywaves.Whomademanycontributionstoopticsandwroteprolificallyonthesubject.ErasmusBartholinusdescribedthispropertyastheeffectofdoublerefractionProfessorCharlesKao:

‘Father’offiberopticswhohasbeenrecognizedastheinventoroffiberopticsisreceivinganIEEprizefromProfessorJohnMidwinter.高锟于1933年出生于中国上海金山区，1957年获得英国伦敦大学理学学士，1965年获得伦敦大学哲学博士学位。他在1965年发表的论文中提出了用石英基玻璃纤维进行长距离信息传递，为人类进入光纤通讯时代打开了大门，他因而也被广泛誉为“光纤通讯之父”。

高锟于1996年当选为中国科学院外籍院士，其现在是香港高科桥有限公司主席兼行政总裁。他还是美国国家工程院院士、英国皇家工程科学院院士、英国皇家艺术学会会员、瑞典皇家工程科学院外籍院士，台湾中央研究院院士。他获得的荣誉包括爱迪生电信奖、马可尼国际奖、贝尔奖、巴伦坦奖章、利布曼奖和光电子学奖金等。

Flashbackto1960s:thethenyoungscientistCharlesKaodoinganearlyexperimentonopticalfibreattheStandardTelecommunicationsLaboratoryatHarlow,UnitedKingdom.

ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefraction

SailorsvisitingIcelandduringthe17thcenturybroughtbacktoEuropecalcitecrystals(Icelandspar)whichhadtheunusualpropertyofshowingdoubleimageswhenobjectswereviewedthroughit.AlbertEinstein:

photoelectriceffectIn1922,Einsteinwasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics,andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect".Inhis1905paperonthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinstein:

quantumtheoryandBose-EinsteinstatisticsIn1917,Baseonrelativity,Einsteinproposedthepossibilityofstimulatedemission,thephysicalprocessthatmakespossiblethemaserandthelaser.ThisarticleshowedthatthestatisticsofabsorptionandemissionoflightwouldonlybeconsistentwithPlanck’sdistributionlaw.MaxPlanckMaxPlanck(1858–1947)wasaGermanphysicist.Heisconsideredtobethefounderofthequantumtheory,oneofthemostimportantphysicistsofthetwentiethcentury.PlanckwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1918forhisworkonquantumtheory.Somedevicesweshouldsee!LaserListoflasertypesGaslasersChemicallasersDyelasersMetal-vaporlasersSolid-statelasersSemiconductorlasersOthertypesoflasersAmodernstabilizedcompactHe-NelaserAlaserdiodepigtailedtoafiber.Twooftheleadsareforaback-facetphotodetectortoallowthemonitoringofthelaseroutputpower.AnodeandCathodePinconfigurationInventedRed,greenandblueLEDsofthe5mmtypeLight-emittingdiodeNickHolonyak

Jr(1962)TheinnerworkingsofanLEDPartsofanLEDCombinedspectralcurvesforblue,yellow-green,andhighbrightnessredsolid-statesemiconductorLEDs.FWHMspectralbandwidthisapproximately24–27nmforallthreecolors.SomeapplicationFields

weshouldlearn!科学仅仅是在人们懂得了测量才开始的

－门捷列夫[Mendelyeev,Dmitry

Ivanovich]

测试仪器：PioneerofScienceResearchLaserinterference、infraredsensor,approachingswitch密歇根大学数字化工厂Recongnizationofworkpiecesandpositioninindustrytest例：双目立体视觉检测系统

——简单视觉的机器人系统■自动连接引线、对准芯片和封装；■自动安装部件，自动焊接或自动切割加工、自动浇注系统等。

ApplicationofOptoelectronicsTestorinspectionindimension,tolerance,assemblingposition.InmilitaryaffairsMoonlightingCollimation：no-coolinginfraredsensorLaserrangefinder：在发射20mm高爆弹时，激光测距仪可将目标的距离信息自动传输至高爆弹的爆炸引信，以精确的设定引爆时间。BiomedicineandimaginganalysisCellCountingandStatisticComputerizedtomographymedicineimageanalysisRemoteSensingImage卫星遥感图像---

气象卫星（红外成象---云图---气象状况）资源卫星（多光谱成象----地质、矿藏、森林、灾害）海洋卫星（雷达成象---海洋、海浪、海滩）“勇气”号火星车发回的彩色照片“机遇”号火星车拍摄火星土壤的显微照片

6/4/202336Aguidedbombstrikesapracticetarget

“嫦娥一号”所拍第一幅月面图象中国首幅月图由嫦娥一号卫星搭载的CCD立体相机采用线阵推扫的方式获取，轨道高度约200公里，每一轨的月面幅宽60公里，像元分辨率120米。嫦娥一号卫星上的CCD立体相机获取的19轨图象数据，经处理拼接而成，成像高度两百公里，像元分辨率120米，幅宽约280公里，长约460公里。3DCCD

FTIR：FourierTransformInfRaredSpectroscopyInterferenceimagespectroscopy干涉成像光谱仪：我国是世界上首次把干涉成像光谱仪应用于月球光谱探测的国家。DifferenceoftheReflectedSpectrumcanbeusedtoidentifyMineral.利用物质被太阳光照射后呈现不同的反射光谱特征进行识别物质.TofindthemineralandPetrosaldistribution.对月表4种主要矿物：辉石、斜长石、钛铁矿、橄榄石的含量与分布进行探测分析。3DCCDcameraGettheoriginaldatatoReconstructthe3Dim