Die-as-You-Choose教学讲解课件

LessonFour

DieasYouChoose生死由你Euthanasia(安乐死)Itisthepracticeofkillingsomeonewhoisveryillandwillnevergetbetterinordertoendtheirsuffering,usuallydoneattheirrequestorwiththeirconsent.PassiveeuthanasiaActiveeuthanasiaForum

Iseuthanasiaanacceptablechoicefortheterminallyill?MainideaThisarticleisabouteuthanasia.Euthanasiaisaproblemhavingbeendiscussedforalongtime.Therearetwodifferentattitudesaboutitatpresent.Hollandacceptedeuthanasiaandopenlypracticeditafewthousandtimeseachyear;Americacondemnedit.Euthanasiaisdividedintotwokinds--theactiveandthepassive.Thefirstoneisthatdoctorsadministersenoughpainkillerstokill,andthelatteroneisthatdoctorsdon'tgivemedicaltreatmentandletthepatientdie.Passiveeuthanasiaisacceptedbymanycountries.Butifeuthanasiaislegalized,itwillbeusedbymanypeopletomurder.Theauthor'sideaistoletpatientsdieastheychoose.PreviewLanguish:vitobeforcedtostaysomewhere,andsuffersthunpleasantforalongtime长期受苦；受折磨；变得虚弱languishinprison/inhisdulljob

由于坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振

Theflowerswerelanguishingintheheat.

花儿在炎热的天气里渐渐枯萎。★Polemical：adj.argumentative,disputatious

好辩的，好争论的，挑起论战的

Itiseasytobepolemicalaboutinnovation.

事关改革的话，极易挑起争论。Polemicn.

论战

involvingstrongargumentsfororagainststh.Ofteninoppositiontotheopinionofothers.Polemicist

善辩者

支持VS反对proponentsustainsupportstandbybacksbupopponentopposebeagainstobjectoverruled（否决）beopposedfight/struggle/goagainsttakeastandagainst(standagainst)Macabre:unpleasantandstrangebecauseconnectedwithdeathandfrighteningthings.可怕的，恐怖的

ThatbookisaboutthemacabretalesofwarintheMiddleage.

那是一部关于中世纪战争的恐怖故事书。Monstrosity

n.巨大而丑陋之物/事情Monster/ogre

怪兽Monstrousadj.

丑恶的，丑陋的，骇人的

gruesomeadj.veryunpleasantandfillingyouwithhorror,usuallybecauseitisconnectedwithdeathorinjury.令人毛骨悚然的，令人厌恶的，可怕的Aftertheslaughter,thebattlefieldwasagruesomesight.

经过这场厮杀，战场上一派触目惊心的惨状。★Taboo

aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo禁忌，戒律;ageneralagreementnottodosthortalkaboutsth避讳“Death”isoneofthegreattaboosinyourculture.culpable:adj.responsibleanddeservingblame

应受谴责的，难辞其咎的Theaccidentwastheresultofaculpablefailuretoconsidertherisksinvolved.

这场事故是没有考虑到有关风险引起的，应该追究责任。Weareourselvespartlyculpableforthestateofevent.

事情发展到这个地步，我们自己应该担负一些责任。culpabilityn.culpablyadv.WithholdVsPrevent★withhold:torefusetogivesomeonesomething制止，抑制，拒绝给予

Prevent:tostopsomethingfromhappening,orstopsomeonefromdoingsomething.防止，阻止Thereaderscannotwithholdtheiradmiration.Whatcanwedotopreventthisdiseasespreading?★Terminaladj.cannotbecuredandwillleadtodeath

晚期的，不治的，致命的

terminallungcancer晚期肺癌airport/bus/trainterminal

航空终点站/汽车终点站/铁路终点站★Squeamishnessn.refertoeitheramildfeelingofnauseaorthequalityofbeingeasilydisgustedorupset.Mayalsocausefeelingfaintorgeneraluneasiness.

神经质；过于拘谨Squeamishadj.易心烦意乱的，神经质的，神经脆弱的-ish:似…的，有点儿…的-ly:像…的childish,girlish,mannish,boyish,reddish,womanly,motherly,sisterly,brotherly,manlyIntrudeVSInvadeIntrude:v.togoorbesomewhereyouarenotwantedorarenotsupposedtobe闯入；tointerruptsomeoneinhisprivateaffairsinanannoyingandunwantedway侵扰，扰乱Intrudeon/into/uponInvade:toenteracountry,town,orareausingmilitaryforceinordertotakecontrolofit侵略，侵犯WouldIbe(intruding,invading)ifIjointedinyourdiscussion?ushern./v.引座员/引导

Thegirlusheredmealongtheaisletomyseat.引座小姐领我沿着通道到我的座位。usherin:tobethebeginningofsthnew,ortomakesthnewbegin开创，开始，开启，带来usherinanewageofprosperity

走进了一个繁荣的新时代Textanalysis1.dodge:1)avoid,evadeoreludeHewasaccusedofdodginghistaxes.他被指控逃税。2)moveasidesuddenlyIdodgedoutofthewaywhenhethrewachairatme.他将椅子向我扔来的时候,我急忙闪开。cometolight:tobediscoveredorrevealed暴露，真相大白，众所周知Oninvestigationsomenewfactscametolight.一经调查,一些新的事实就被暴露了。Ithasnowcometolightthathewasfinanciallybackedbysomeinterestgroup.

人们刚刚得知,他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持。Bringtolight

揭示显露Wehopetheinvestigatorwillbringtolightmorefactsaboutthismurder.Whichofthesecountrieshasamercy-killingdoctornowlanguishinginitsjails？Itisthesmallone，Holland，whichhasrulesforeuthanasiaandsocanpoliceiteffectively.（which指？）TheDutchdoctorbrokehiscountry'srules.

在上述哪个国家有医生因为实施安乐死而在监狱里服刑呢？是在小国荷兰。荷兰制定了有关安乐死的法律，能有效地管理它。那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。Thereisamoralhereforallthecountries，andnotjustforthebig

death-forbiddingcountry，America.Rightnowitisgoingovertheargumentsabouteuthanasiaonceagain.（moralaboutwhat？Death-forbidding只是禁止死亡吗？It指的是？）

这里涉及到的（有关安乐死的）道德问题在所有国家都存在，决不仅只针对美国这个禁止安乐死的大国。目前美国正再次展开有关安乐死的辩论。bizarre:weird（adj.)unusualinappearance,style,orcharacters外貌,风格或性格怪异hisbizarrebehavior

他古怪的行为Bizarrelydressed

穿着奇装异服atone’srequest=attherequestofsb

应某人的要求他按照经理的要求到了那里。

Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager/athismanager’srequest.Thisstartedadebatethatwillrumbleonintotheautumn,whenCaliforniansmayvoteonaproposedlawlegalizingeuthanasia.voteon:就......进行表决Let'svoteonthisissue,sincewecan'tagree.

既然我们不能达成一致意见,就来投票表决吧。Rumbleon1.Thunderisrumblinginthedistance.2.rumbleon:(anargumentoradispute,tocontinueslowlyandsteadilyforalongtime)缓慢而长久地持续Discussionsrumbleonoverthesitingofthenewairport.关于新机场的选址问题，讨论起来没完没了。这挑起了一场将会持续到秋季的争执不休的辩论，到那时加利福尼亚人会就安乐死合法化的议案进行表决。Mostsaytheyknowsomebodyelsewhodoes.Butbecausetheycanrarelydiscusseuthanasiaopenlywithpatients–evenwhenthosepatientsbegthemforit–doctorstendtokillonlywhen

thedyingaretoofargonetoconsent.(如何理解betoofargonetoconsent)

多数医生说他们知道其他医生也有同样的行为。但是因为医生也几乎不能与病人公开讨论安乐死--即使在病人乞求他们的时候—所以医生往往倾向于仅在要死的人处于垂危昏迷之际而无法表达是否同意安乐死时，才结束其生命。QHowdoyouunderstand“voluntaryeuthanasia”?And“involuntaryeuthanasia”?Accordingtotheauthor’sopinion,whichoftheaboveismorehumane?Doestheauthoracceptvoluntaryeuthanasiaornot?Wherecanyoufindproof?Becausemanypeopleacceptthatitissad,undignifiedandgruesometoprolongthethroesofdeathwithallthemightofmedicaltechnology,passiveeuthanasia—lettingpatientsdie—iswidelyaccepted.许多人认为，动用一切医疗技术力量去延长临终的痛苦是使人悲伤的、有损尊严的、令人毛骨悚然的。因此，被动安乐死---让病人自然死亡---被人们广泛接受。Howlongcanthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdieholdout？

formsofeuthanasiapassiveeuthanasia-apatientdoesn’twanthislifeprolonged;lettingpatientsdie,donotsavepatientsactiveeuthanasia–apatientswanttodie,killhim(Para4)StandtodosthTobeinasituationwhereyouarelikelytodosth;islikelyto可能做某事

standtogain处于有利地位…..Youstandtomake/gainalotfromthisdeal.你很可能会从这笔生意中大赚一笔。Justastherecanbeculpableomissions,sotoocantherebeblamelessacts.正如存在应受谴责的不作为一样，也存在无可指责的作为。Suppose–totakeanexamplefromthemoralphilosophybooks–thatamanstandstogainfromthedeathofacertainchild.Thechildstrikeshisheadinthebathandfallsunconscious.Themansitsdownandwatcheshimdrown.

Thefactthatthemanhasperformednoactiondoesnotexcusehim.（把thefact放到后面翻译）让我们从道德哲学书中举一个例子，假如一个人可以从某个小孩的死中获益：那孩子在洗澡时头部受到撞击并且失去了知觉，他坐下来看着那孩子溺死。他没有做任何事，但却不能免究其咎。Similarly，supposethatadoctordoesnowrongbywithholdingsometreatmentinorderthatdeathshouldcomesoonerratherthanlater.Ishethennecessarilywrongifheadministersenoughpainkillerstokill？(passiveeuthanasiavsactiveeuthanasia,在病人的要求之下;should表示对将来的虚拟)Doesthefactthatthedoctorperformedanaction，ratherthananomission，condemnhim？同样，假如一位医生为了使死亡早日降临而不实施某种治疗，他这种做法没有错的话，那么他使用足够多的止痛药去杀人就一定有错了么？医生实施了这一行为，而不是疏忽职守，就应该受到谴责么？

Hippocrates希波克拉底西方医学之父

FatherofWesternMedicine

TheHippocraticOathisanoathhistoricallytakenbydoctorsswearingtopracticemedicineethically.ItiswidelybelievedtohavebeenwrittenbyHippocrates,oftenregardedasthefatherofwesternmedicine,inIonicGreek(late5thcenturyBCE),orbyoneofhisstudentsandisusuallyincludedintheHippocraticCorpusIwillneithergiveadeadlydrugtoanybodyifaskedforit,norwillImakeasuggestiontothiseffect.★ruleoutrulesb/sthout(asadj)认为…而把…排除之外；认为…而觉得…不合适Theproposedplanwasruledoutastooexpensive.

建议的解决方案被认为花钱太多而遭否决。Wecan'truleoutthepossibilityofhisquittingthenewjob.

我们无法排除他辞掉新的工作的可能性。Letyourheartruleyourhead感情用事agreewith

同意，和…意见一致agreeon

对…取得一致意见agreein

在…方面意见一致；在…相同agreeabout

对…有相同的看法；就…取得一致意见agreeupon

对…取得一致意见Embrace1.hug拥抱

Theyembracedandsweptandpromisedtokeepintouch2.toacceptanidea,aproposal,asetofbeliefs,etc,whenitisdonewithenthusiasm

接受信奉，拥护

~democracy/feminism（女权主义）3.include

包含

Tplywith:toobeyarule/order遵守(意愿,要求或条件等).Abideby.Follow,obey~therules/thedemands/thelaw/therequests.

incompliancewith……AccordingtoinaccordancewithPose:causesth.toexist引起；产生；造成（威胁、问题等）poseathreat/challenge/danger