人们身边的网络安全隐患等2则外刊阅读训练2023届高三英语二轮复习

外刊精读精练人们身边的网络安全隐患导读：近来，网络安全对于个人和企业来说都是一个不可忽视的问题。每个建立了网络连接的用户都面临着一个真实存在的危险一被黑客攻击，比如受到数字病毒的感染或某种形式的数据盗窃。然而说来也怪，在大多数情况下，威胁网络安全的始作俑者并不是计算机本身，而是使用互联网的用户，因为人们总在犯一些看似微不足道，却常常很关键的错误。本集《外刊精读》介绍三个引起人们加强网络安全意识的相关小贴土。一、语篇泛读词汇：网络安全和科技Vocabulary:cybersecurityandtechnology词汇：网络安全和科技It'sadangerousworldoutthereincyberspace.Hackers,viruses,andmalware,amongothers,a11existandareveryrealthreats.A2017UKgovernmentcyber-securitybreachessurveyshowedthatinthepreceding12months,justunderhalfofthecompaniesaskedhadidentifiedanattackorbreach.Thatcouldhavebeendisastrous.Theproblemisnotthecomputers,firewallsorencryption-it'sus.Peoplearebadatfollowinggoodcyber-securityprotocol-suchasusinganeffectivepassword.We'realsoprettydumbwhenitcomestoclickingonlinksanddownloadingcontentweshouldn't,IanPratt,co-founderofcyber-securityfirmBromiumtoldtheBBC.Withthatinmind,herearethreetipstokeepyou'cyber-safe,.Passwordsareaweakness.Theidealpasswordshouldbeatleasteightcharacterslong,andcontainupperandlowercaseletters,symbolsandnumbers.Anddon'tuseacommonwordsuchas'password'."Thismakesyouvulnerabletoascrapeattack.Thisiswherehackerstakethemostcommonpasswordsandtrythemonmillionsofaccounts,"ThomasPedersenfromOneLogin,anidentityandaccessmanagementcompany,toldtheBBC.请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。Notbeingmarriedandhavingachildnolongercarriesastigmaincertainsocietiestoday.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenfiguringouthowtopayforthenewcarhe'djustbought.Weallhadtoworkintenselytocompleteourassignmentsontime.Mymumhadafeelingofdespairwhenshelostherpurseandherkeystothehouse.Themuseumhasgotsobusywenowhavetoregulatethenumberofpeoplevisitingatcertaintimes.Keepyourequipmentup-to-datebyinstallingthelatestsecurityupdatesforyourcomputer-obviously.Lessobviousperhaps,isdoingsoforothertechnologyalsoconnectedtotheinternet-suchasyourrouter.ArecentstudycarriedoutbytheAmericanConsumerInstituteCentreforCitizenResearchfoundthat"fiveoutofsixroutersareinadequatelyupdatedforknownsecurityflaws."Theserequiresoftwareupdates,too.Anddon'tforgetyourothersmartdevices,suchasyoursmartTV!Finally,considerenablingmulti-factorauthenticationforyouraccounts.That'swhereamobilephoneordongleisusedtoverifyaccesstoadevice.Ifyourpasswordbecomescompromised,noaccesscanbeobtainedwithoutyoursecondauthenticationdevice...sodon'tloseyourphone!Inthefuture,biometricssuchasvoiceandfingerprintmaymakethiseasier.TheinternetiswonderfuI,butsecuritythreatsdoexist.Fortunately,withalittlecommonsenseandforethought,youcanbesecurefromthemajorityofcyber-securitythreats.二、词汇表cyberspace网络空间hacker黑客virus计算机病毒malware恶意软件cyber-security网络安全的（其名词搭配为"cybersecurity"）breach破坏、违规firewa11防火墙encryption数据加密protocol协议、协定character字符（如数字、字母、标点等）vulnerable易受攻击的scrapeattack撒网式密码盗窃up-to-date最新的update更新,升级router路由器flaw漏洞muIti-factorauthentication多重身份认证dongle软件保护器compromised被攻破的biometrics生物特征识别技术（其形容词为"biometric生物特征测定的"）denselyp三、测试与练习阅读课文并答问题。阅读课文并答问题。TrueorFalse:Therearethingswecandotobettermaintainourcybersecurity.Apartfromusingbadpasswords,whatarepeoplealsosusceptibleto?Whichdevicescanpeopleoverlookwhenupdatingsecuritysoftware?Whatistheadvantageofmulti-factorauthentication?Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'notdonetoagoodenoughstandard,?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。Intheeventofafire,pleasefollowsafety andevacuatequicklybutsafely.breachesupdatesdonglesprotocolsdonglesprotocolsTheunknownmanmanagedto stagesecurityandattackthepopstarmid-concert.breachscrapehackflawThemajorityofemailsthesedaysaresecuredwithend-to-endmalware firewaIIsencryptionpasswordsSoon,a11transactionscouldbe .You'llbeabletopayforyourshoppingwithyourface!compromised biometricvulnerable up-to-dateIthinkthere'sasmall inyourplan.Wedon'thaveanymoneytogotothecinema!flaw attackviruscharacter【参考答案】阅读课文并答问题。阅读课文并答问题。TrueorFalse:Therearethingswecandotobettermaintainourcybersecurity.True.Thisarticleoffersthreesimpleideas,buttherearemanymore.Apartfromusingbadpasswords,whatarepeoplealsosusceptibleto?Peoplearesusceptibletoclickinglinksanddownloadingcontentthattheyshouldn't.Whichdevicescanpeopleoverlookwhenupdatingsecuritysoftware?Theyforgettoupdateotherdevicesthatareconnectedtotheinternet,suchasroutersandsmartTVs.Whatistheadvantageofmulti-factorauthentication?Ifyourpasswordeverbecomescompromised,noaccesscanbeobtainedwithoutyoursecondauthenticationdevice.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'notdonetoagoodenoughstandard1?Inadequately(Fiveoutofsixroutersareinadequatelyupdatedforknownsecurityflaws.)请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。Intheeventofafire,pleasefollowsafetyprotocolsandevacuatequicklybutsafely.Theunknownmanmanagedtobreachstagesecurityandattackthepopstarmid-concert.Themajorityofemailsthesedaysaresecuredwithend-to-endencryption.Soon,alltransactionscouldbebiometric.You'llbeabletopayforyourshoppingwithyourface.Ithinkthere'sasmallflawinyourplan.Wedon'thaveanymoneytogotothecinema!孤独的年青人导读：我们生活在一个过度拥挤的地球上，人口迅速增长，总数接近80亿人。尽管如此，许多人还是感到孤独或生活处境孤立。英国广播公司展开了一项有关孤独的调查，参与这项调查的万人来自世界各地近240个国家。本集《外刊精读》分析这项“孤独调查〃的结果。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary:loneliness词汇：孤独Howlonelyareyou?Sometimeslivingaloneorbeinginaremotelocationwithnobody around to talktocan giveyou thefeelingofdespairandisolation.It's notagreat feeling. There'sacommonstereotypethatit'ssomethingthataffectsolderpeoplemore,butresearchhasfoundthatlonelinessissomethingthatcanaffectusall,whateverourage.There'safamiliarphrasethatsaysit'spossibletobelonelyinacrowd-despitebeingsurroundedbyhundredsofpeople,youthinkyouhavenobodytotalktoortoconnectwithandthatnobodywantstolistentoyouanyway.It'sprobablynottrue,butlonelinessisseenasabigproblemforthementalhealthofthepopulationwherevertheylive-somuchsothattheBritishgovernmeritevenhasaministerforloneliness.TheBBCrecentlycompletedasurveyaboutthetopicanditfoundthatpeopleagedbetween16and24experiencelonelinessmoreoftenandmoreintenselythananyotheragegroup.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofManchesterwhoanalyzedthedata,suggestedfeelinglonelymayplaguetheyoungbecauseit'satimeofidentitychange-figuringoutyourplaceintheworldandoflearningtoregulateemotions.PsychologylecturerandBBCpresenterClaudiaHammondsaysthat"it'stemptingtoconcludethatsomethingaboutmodernlifeisputtingyoungpeopleatahigherriskofloneliness,butwhenweaskedolderpeopleinoursurveyabouttheloneliesttimesintheirlives,theyalsosaiditwaswhentheywereyoung."Theissueiscertainlybeingtalkedaboutmore.AndintheUK,theMinisterforLonelinessTraceyCrouchhassaidthat"thegovernmentnowrecognizeslonelinessasoneofthebiggesthealthchallengesweface."Shealsosaidthereneedstobea"nationalconversation"toendthestigmaaboutadmittingtofeelinglonely.TheBBCLonelinessExperimeritalsofoundthetypeofcultureyouliveinhasimplicationsforloneliness.Peoplefromcultureswhichtendtoputahighvalueonindependence,suchasNorthernEuropeandtheUS,revealedtheywouldbelesslikelytotellacolleagueabouttheirloneliness.Butincultureswhereextendedfamilyisoftenemphasized,suchasinSouthernEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandAfrica,olderwomeninparticularwereatlowerriskoffeelinglonely.二、词汇表despair绝望isolation孤独，隔绝stereotype成见lonelyinacrowd即使在热闹处，仍感孤独connect建立联系mentalhealth精神健康状态experience感受到，体会到intensely强烈地plague折磨，使苦恼figureout找至I」…regulateemotions控制、调节情绪modernlife现代生活healthchallenge健康隐患stigma耻辱implication可能的影响independence独立extendedfamily大家庭三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。Accordingtothesurvey,whichagerangewasmostaffectedbyloneliness?TrueorfaIse?Thereismorechanceoffeelinglonelyifyouliveinaremotelocation.Whatisthoughttoleadtolonelinessamongsomeyoungpeople?WhymightolderwomeninAsiabeatalowerriskoffeelinglonely?Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'possibleeffectsorresults,?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Notbeingmarriedandhavingachildnolongercarriesacertainsocietiestoday.stigmaplaguestigmastereotypeculture2.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenhowtopayforthenewcarstereotypeculture2.SincePhillosthisjob,he'sbeenhowtopayforthenewcarhe'djustbought.figuredoutfigureoutfiguredoutfigureoutfiguringoutfiguringupfiguringoutfiguringupWenselyindependencestereotypeisolationMymumhadafeelingofwhenshelostherpurseandherWenselyindependencestereotypeisolationMymumhadafeelingofwhenshelostherpurseandherkeystothehouse.despairingdesperatedespairingdesperatedesperationdespair5.Themuseumhasgotsobusywenowhaveto thenumberofpeoplevisitingatcerta