2022年甘肃省酒泉市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022年甘肃省酒泉市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Vioxxisakindofdiseasetocureheartdiseaseandiswithdrawnfromthemarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

WhenGarrettisachemistryprofessor,Raetzjudgeshercontributionson______.

A.herlargenumberoflaboratoryhours

B.herwillingnesstocontribute

C.thequalityandproductivityofherwork

D.herregularworkschedule

3.

VirtuallyallpatientschoosetotoleratesideeffectswhenconfrontedwiththechoicebetweendyingfromHIV-AIDSandsideeffects.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

BesurenottousebirthdatesoryourphonenumbersasyourPINbecausethey______.

5.

Yourbasalmetabolicrate(BMR)istheamountofenergyyourbodyneedsto______whileyouaresleep.

6.TaughenedGlass:theSolutiontoRetailOwners'SecurityConcerns

Taughenedglass,whichisalsocalledBastieglassbecauseofthenameoftheinventor,isakindofglassthatisfinelytemperedorannealed,byapeculiarmethodofsuddencoolingbyplungingwhilehotintooil,meltedwax,orparaffine.

Thedevelopmentandacceptanceoftaughenedglasshasundergoneseveralstages.Yetthebenefitsofthisparticularkindofglassstillremainunknowntoalargegroupofpeople.

DuPonthasdoneagreatjobofworkingwitharchitectsandthearchitecturalglassindustrytounderstand,developandpromotetheuseoftaughenedglass(safetyglass)worldwide.Withintheretailenvironmentinparticular,architectsinallcontinentsareusingtaughenedglassforadiverserangeofapplications--notonlyforeconomicandfunctionalreasonsbutalsoforthepureaestheticdelightofusingthematerial.

Yetsadly,thegeneralpublicinNorthAmericaisstilltoooftenignorantofthebenefitstaughenedglasscanbring--notonlyinshopsbutalsoinofficesandhomes.Thematerialisstillalltoooftenperceivedasvaguely"moreexpensive"anditswiderangeofbenefitsremainslargelyunknown.Sharingthebenefitswithbuildingowners-fromthebusinesscommunitytohomeowners--hastobeournextmajorchallenge.

NationalGateandGlassCorp.suppliesstorefrontglasstoretailersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromnationwidechainstosingleoutletowners.Howeverlargeorsmall,ourcustomershavesimilarconcernswhenitcomestothestorefrontglasstheyusewithregardtocost,appearance/aesthetics,securityandservice.

Thegoodnewsisthatin99.9percentofcases,wefindthattheinstallationof6mm+6mmtaughenedglasswithaninterlayerof0.76mmButacite(r)PVBinterlayersolvesalloftheseconcernswithease!Taughenedglassisanidealsolutionformodemretailersintermsofsamedayinstallation,securityprevention,protectionfromtheUVraysthatcausethedegradationofstoredisplaysandfurnishingsandtheeliminationofboardingfollowingdamagetothestorefront.

TimeIsMoney.

Everyoneintheretailconstructionvaluechain,fromownerstoforemen,areconcernedwithcosts.Weareabletoaddressthisfirstconcernprettyquickly.IntheUSA,taughenedglasscostsalmostexactlythesameastemperedglasstopurchaseandinstallpersquaremeter.InAustraliaandEurope,itcanbesignificantlycheaperthantemperedglass!Inthecaseofbreakage,thecostbenefitsoftaughenedglasscanbeseenveryclearly;asstoreowners,managersandlosspreventiondepartmentsknow,timeismoney!Unliketemperedglass,taughenedglassallowsstorestostayopeninthecaseofbreakagesincecrackedorbrokenglassstaysintheframe.Smallerlocationsthatareboardedupwithplywoodcanleavecustomerswiththeimpressionthattheyareclosed--andnobodycanaffordthat.It'scriticallyimportantthateveryoneknowsthatyouare

BetterLookingstorefronts

Thesecondmajorconcernisaesthetics.Manyofourretailcustomerslocatedindowntownareasautomaticallyassumethatshutterswillhavetobeinstalledtoensureadequatesecurityafterstoreopeninghours.Itisalwaysapleasureformetoseethereliefoncustomers'faceswhenItellthemaboutthesecuritybenefitsoftaughenedglassandhowthematerialeliminatestheneedforshutters,allowingmuchbetterlookingstorefronts.

ARealBoosttotheBottomLine

Athirdconcernissecurity.Thelosspreventionofficersofmajorretailersunderstandperhapsbetterthananyoneelsetheextenttowhichbreak-insandvandalismnegativelyaffectthebottomline.Myretailcustomerstellmethattheaveragecostofabreak,inisUS＄30,000.Thisnotonlyincludesstole

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Comparedwithwhiteorrefinedstarchyfoods,wholegrainfoodsarericherin______.

8.

Ourperceptionofriskliveslargelyinourfeelings,somostofthetimeweareoperatingonanautomaticsystemforanalyzingrisks.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

______haddominatedsocietyfor10,000yearsbutdeclinedrapidlyinthe20thcentury.

10.

Donggardenworkequallycontributestoour______.

11.

Achimpanzeeoccasionallyexhibitsbehavior.thatlookslikeaprimitivehumanlaughterunderanyconditions.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

______workswhenpatientstalkfreelyaboutthingstroublingthemandthenlearntocontroltheirfears.

13.

Organicagriculturecontributestoslowingdowntheglobaltemperatureincreasethroughitsabilityto___________________.

14.IfalltheiceintheAntarcticmelted,globalsealevelswouldrisehugely.

15.

TheInternetAddictionSupportGrouphasbeenestablishedtotreat______.

16.

Accordingtothepassage,______werethefirsttouseiceforpracticalpropose.

17.GeoffreyHealholdsthattohavecompaniesrespondingtofinancialincentivesratherthantheirownfeelingsisthe______.

18.

SomeexpertsthinktheFremontwaspushedoutbyotherpeoples,whileotherexpertsbelievethattheymovedsouthbecauseofsome______.

19.

Epidemicdiseasesusuallyspreadthroughpeople'ssneeze,humancontact,and______.

20.

Oneofthebestwaystoalleviatestressisto______.

A.setdeadlinesforyourself

B.completetasksearly

C.dowhatwedesiretodo

D.putourscheduleinwriting

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(33)

A.Consumersbegantoresistbuyingproductsoftheseads.

B.Consumersstoppedtheirenvironmentalmovement.

C.Consumersturnedcautiousofenvironmentalappeals.

D.Consumersdidn'tcareaboutthemallthetime.

22.(31)

A.Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeneartheroad.

B.Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeononeofhisfield.

C.Becausethefarmerplantedthetreenearhishouse.

D.Becausethefarmerplantedthetreeinhiswoods.

23.(28)

A.Ithasshownthataspirincanimprovesurvivalincoloncancerpatients.

B.Ithasshownthatcoloncancerhadnotspreadtootherpartsofthebody.

C.Ithasshownthataspirinusersincreasedthirtypercentrisksfromtheircancer.

D.Ithasshownthataspirinhadbeendiscoveredforelevenyears.

24.(34)

A.Moremusclesthanaveragepeople.

B.Astrongwill.

C.Strength,fitnessandendurance.

D.Astrongheart.

25.听力原文：W:Hello,Mr.Johnson!I'mcallingaboutthecaryouadvertised.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?

M:It'smywife'scarandshe'stheonewhoputstheadvertisementinthepaper．ButI'lltry,sheisn'thererightnow.

Q:Whatisthemantryingtodo?

(14)

A.Tellthewomansomethingaboutthecar.

B.Lookforhiswife.

C.Showthewomanhiswife'scar.

D.Askhiswifetoanswerthephone.

26.

【B9】

27.(39)

28.(13)

A.Havinganinterview.

B.Fillingoutaform.

C.Talkingwithafriend.

D.Askingforinformation.

29.听力原文：W:Hey,congratulationsonwinningtheessaycontest.Thatthousand-dollarprizemoneyshouldreallycomeinhandy.

M:Youbet!I'vealreadyputitasidetocovertheincreasemylandlordjustannouncedfornextyear.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(15)

A.Hehasdecidedhowhe'sgoingtospendtheprizemoney.

B.Hedoesn'tknowhowmuchhisrentisgoingtoincrease.

C.He'salreadyplanningtoenternextyear'sessaycontest.

D.Hehasalreadypaidhislandlordfornextyear'srent.

30.听力原文：W：Youwouldn'tbeinterestedinworkingthissummertomakesomeextramoney，wouldyou?

M：Notmuch，1wouldn't．AndthissummerIhaveavacationplan．

Q：Whatdoesthemanmean?

(19)

A.Heisnotveryinterestedinworking.

B.He'llworkeventhoughhedoesn'twantto.

C.Hedoesn'tneedmuchmoney.

D.Hecouldonlyworkpartofthesummer.

31.(24)

A.Coffeeisgoodfortheheart.

B.Coffeeisbadfortheheart.

C.Coffeeisbothgoodandbadfortheheart.

D.Therearestillnofindingsabouttheinfluenceofcoffeeontheheart.

32.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica'Snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,(36)popularpublicationsaswellaslettersof(37)historicalinterest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art(38)prints,movies,soundrecordingsandmusical(39)instruments.Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.

TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis(40)permittedtotakebooksoutofthebuilding.

TheLibraryofCongresswas(41)establishedin1800.ItstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomoftheCapitolBuilding.By1814,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall(42)destroyedthatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica'swarwithBritain.

Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson's(43)collectionincluded7,000booksinsevenlanguages.

(44)In1897,thelibrarymovedintoitsownbuildingacrossthestreetfromtheCapitol.Todaythreebuildingsholdthelibrary'scollection.

(45)ThelibraryprovidesbooksandmaterialstotheU.S.CongressandalsolendsbookstootherAmericanlibrariesgovernmentagencies,andforeignlibraries.Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.(46)AnyonewhowantscopyrightprotectionforapublicationintheUnitedStatesmustsendtwocopiestothelibrary.ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.

TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica'snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,【B1】______publicationsaswellaslettersof【B2】______interest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art【B3】______movies,soundrecordingsandmusical【B4】______Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.

TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis【B5】______totakebooksoutofthebuilding.

TheLibraryofCongresswas【B6】______in1800.ItstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomoftheCapitolBuilding.By1g14,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall【B7】______thatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica'swarwithBritain.

Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson's【B8】______included7,000booksinsevenlanguages.【B9】________________________Today,threebuildingsholdthelibrary'scollection.

【B10】______________________Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.【B11】__________________________ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.

【B1】

33.(35)

A.Husbandssharepowerwiththeirwivesandhelpthemwiththehousework.

B.Olderwomendonotoftenhaveimportantpositions.

C.Familystructureismorepatriarchalinthenuclearfamily.

D.Womenhavetohelpsisters,grandparentswithhouseworkandchildren.

34.

【B2】

35.(32)

A.ShesetanewrecordofflyingfromEuropetoIndia.

B.Sheprovedwomencouldflyaswellasmencould.

C.Herflightwasthelongestoneevermadebyhumanbeingtillthen.

D.Shefliedatthehighestspeedeverknowntomentillthen.

36.(14)

A.Shelikesthejobofacleanerbecauseit'ssimple.

B.Shethinksit'simportanttohaveagoodjobfromthebeginning.

C.Shehatestobeacleanerbecauseit'slow-paid.

D.Shewouldworkasacleanerinsummerifshehasto.

37.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Theoldestandsimplestmethod,then,ofdescribingdifferencesinpersonalitywasto【B1】______peopleaccordingto【B2】______.SuchasystemiscalledaTypology.

Afamousexampleofthismethodwas【B3】______forthinGreeceabouttheyear400BC.A【B4】______namedHippocratestheorizedthattherewerefour【B5】______,orhumors,inthebody:blood,【B6】______bile(胆汁),blackbile,andphlegm(粘液).【B7】______toeachhumor,there【B8】______adefinitetypeofpersonality.

Apersoninwhomallfourhumorswereinperfectbalancehadaharmoniouspersonality.【B9】______Someonewithtoomuchyellowbilewasirritableandeasilyangered.【B10】______.Anoversupplyofphlegmcausedahumanbeingtoheslowandunfeeling.

Otherfeaturesofpeople,suchastheirfacesandfigures,havealsobeenusedtoclassifypersonality.【B11】______.

【B1】

38.听力原文：Itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain,itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,waybackintheeleventhcenturyB.C.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:Itbecomesasymbolofhonorandauthority.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffice.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersonsinEuropetousetheumbrellaasaprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.

DuringtheMiddleAge,theuseofumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasasymbolofthepowerandauthority.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFrance,andlateroninEngland.

Bytheeighteenthcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyle.duringallthetime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen'sumbrellasbegantobemade,inawholevarietyofcolors.

(33)

A.InancientChina.

B.InancientEgypt.

C.InancientGreece.

D.InancientRome.

39.

【B4】

40.

【B7】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

A.weremoreenthusiasticaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.over-dependentonlaborsavingdevices

D.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

42.

Ifmeasuredbyprofessors'feedbackandthenumberofessayexams,theeliteschoolsparentsprefermay______.

43.

【C7】

44.

Thefatheroftenblameshischildrenfornotbeingabletoentertainthemselves.Thisisunfairbecausethey______.

45.

"antenna"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

A.feelerB.aerialC.circuitD.metal

46.(57)

47.Icameawayfrommyyearsofteachingonthecollegeanduniversitylevelwithaconvictionthatenactment(扮演角色),performance,dramatizationarethemostsuccessfulformsofteaching.Studentsmustbeincorporated,made,sofaraspossible,anintegralpartofthelearningprocess.Thenotionthatlearningshouldhaveinitanelementofinspiredplaywouldseemtothegreaterpartoftheacademicestablishmentmerelysilly,butthatisnonethelessthecase.OfEzekielCheever,themostfamousschoolmasteroftheMassachusettsBayColony,hisonetimestudentCottonMatherwrotethathesoplannedhislessonsthathispupils"cametoworkasthoughtheycametoplay",andAlfredNorthWhitehead,almostthreehundredyearslater,notedthatateachershouldmakehis/herstudents"gladtheywerethere"

Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgivecloseattentiontothisform.ofeducation.Thereis,Ithink,muchtruthinPatriciaNelsonLimerick'sobservationthat"lecturingisanunnaturalact,anactforwhichGoddidnotdesignhumans.Itisperfectlyallright,nowandthen,forahumantobepossessedbytheurgetospeak,andtospeakwhileothersremainsilent.Buttodothisregularly,onehourand15minutesatatime..,foronepersontodragonwhileotherssitinsilence?...IdonotbelievethatthisiswhattheCreator..,designedhumanstodo".

Thestrange,almostincomprehensiblefactisthatmanyprofessors,justastheyfeelobligedtowritedully,believethattheyshouldlecturedully.Toshowenthusiasmistoriskappearingunscientific,un-objective;itistoappealtothestudents'emotionsratherthantheirintellect.Thustheideallectureisonefilledwithfactsandreadinanunchangedmonotone.

Thecult(推崇)oflecturingdully,likethecultofwritingdully,goesback,ofcourse,someyears.EdwardShils,professorofsociology,recallstheprofessorsheencounteredattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainhisyouth.Theyseemed"apriesthood,heirbearing;theyneverreferredtoanythingpersonal.Somereadfromoldlecturenotesandthenhaltinglyexplainedthethumb-wornlastlines.Otherslecturedfromcardsthathadservedforyears,tojudgebythewornedges...Theteachersbeganontime,endedontime,andlefttheroomwithoutsayingawordmoretotheirstudents,veryseldombeingdetainedbyquestioners...Theclasseswerenotlarge,yettherewasnodiscussion.Noquestionswereraisedinclass,andtherewerenoofficehours".

Theauthorbelievesthatasuccessfulteachershouldbeableto______.

A.makestudyjustaseasyasplay

B.improvestudents'learningperformance

C.makeinspiredplayanintegralpartofthelearningprocess

D.makedramatizationanimportantaspectofstudents'learning

48.

Whydotheinstitutionswanttopartnerwithprivatecompanies?

A.Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignshastakenplace.

B.Theywanttoinfusepeoplewithmarketingideas.

C.Theywanttobemarket-orientedinstitutions.

D.Governmentspendingontheinstitutionsisgreatlycurtailed.

49.

Theword"festive"inparagraph2cannotbeunderstoodas______.

A.cheeryB.fetishC.joyousD.merry

50.

Thelastparagraphofthepassageindicatesthat______.

51.

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.MyFavoritePoster.

B.TakeLifeSeriously.

C.FaceChallengeofLife.

D.LifeIsOnlyATest.

52.

WhichofthefollowingisgivenbythewritertoshowbandwagonappealatworkinPara.3?

A.FightingforAmerica.

B.Nationalmovement.

C.Economiccampaigning.

D.Followingfashion.

53.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheauthor'sopinionaboutculture?

A.Cultureandnurturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.

B.Cultureisamotiveforceinsocialdevelopment.

C.Policymakingcomesmainlyfromculture.

D.Scientificculturedirectseconomicdevelopment.

54.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thediscoverythatlanguagecanbeabarriertocommunicationisquicklymadebyallwhotravel,study,governorsell.Whethertheactivityistourism,research,government,policing,businessordatadissemination,thelackofacommonlanguagecanseverelyimpedeprogressorcanhaltitaltogether.

Althoughcommunicationproblemsofthiskindmusthappenthousandsoftimeseachday,veryfewbecomepublicknowledge.Publicitycomesonlywhenafailuretocommunicatehasmajorconsequences,suchasstrikes,lostorders,legalproblemsorfatalaccidents--even,attimes,war.Onereportedinstanceofcommunicationfailuretookplacein1970,whenseveralAmericansateaspeciesofpoisonousmushroom.Noremedywasknown,andtwoofthepeoplediedwithindays.Aradioreportofthecasewasheardbyachemistwhoknewofatreatmentthathadbeensuccessfullyusedin1959andpublishedin1963.WhyhadtheAmericandoctorsnotheardofitsevenyearslater?PresumablybecausethereportofthetreatmenthadbeenpublishedonlyinjournalswritteninEuropeanlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

Severalcomparablecaseshavebeenreported.Butisolatedexamplesdonotgiveanimpressionofthesizeoftheproblem--somethingthatcancomeonlyfromstudiesoftheuseoravoidanceofforeign-languagematerialsandcontactsindifferentcommunicativesituations.IntheEnglish-speakingscientificworld,forexample,surveysofbooksanddocumentsconsultedinlibrariesandotherinformationagencieshaveshownthatverylittleforeign-languagematerialiseverconsulted.Libraryrequestsinthefieldofscienceandtechnologyshowedthatonly13percentwereforforeignlanguageperiodicals.

Thelanguagebarrierpresentsitselfinstarkform.tofirmswhowishtomarkettheirproductsinothercountries.Britishindustry,inparticular,hasinrecentdecadesoftenbeencriticizedforitslinguisticinsularity---foritsassumptionthatforeignbuyerswillbehappytocommunicateinEnglish,andthatawarenessofotherlanguagesisnotthereforespriority.Inthe1960s,overtwo-thirdsofBritishfirmsdealingwithnon-English-speakingcustomerswereusingEnglishforoutgoingcorrespondence;manyhadtheirsalesliteratureonlyinEnglish;andasmanyas40percentemployedno-oneabletocommunicateinthecustomer'slanguages.AsimilarproblemwasidentifiedinotherEnglish-speakingcountries,notablytheUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand.Andnon-Englishspeakingcountrieswerebynomeansexempt--althoughthewidespreaduseofEnglishasanalternativelanguagemadethemlessopentothechargeofinsularity.

Thecriticismandpublicitygiventothisproblemsincethe1960sseemstohavegreatlyimprovedthesituation.Industrialtrainingschemeshavepromotedanincreaseinlinguisticandculturalawareness.Manyfirmsnowhavetheirowntranslationservices.Somefirmsrunpart-timelanguagecoursesinthelanguagesofthecountrieswithwhichtheyaremostinvolved;someproducetheirowntechnicalglossaries,toensureconsistencywhenmaterialisbeingtranslated.Itisnowmuchmorereadilyappreciatedthatmarketingeffortscanbedelayed,damagedordisruptedbyafailuretotakeaccountofthelinguisticneedsofthecustomer.

Languageproblemsmaycometotheattentionofthepublicwhentheyhave______suchasfatalaccidentsorsocialproblems.

55.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavior.agreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicofsleepinessinthenation."Ican'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,"saysDr.David,"evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldproperlybebetteroffwithmorerest."

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficitcrisiscanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight."Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark."Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatontheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealizethey'redoingit."SaysDr.David."Theythinkthey'reokbecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemonhisprogram."Inoursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours'sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition."

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier."We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,"saysDr.David."Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate."

Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiesusedtosleepabout5hoursanightbecausetheyhad______.

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.nothingtodointheevening

56.TheInternetwas______.

A.mainlyusedintheacademecirclebeforeitfoundwideapplication

B.reallyasetof"communicationprotocols"beforewidelyapplied

C.restrictedtodomesticusersbeforeitfoundwideapplication

D.controlledbyacentralauthoritybeforewidelyapplied

57.

Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasaninfluence