热点04形容词与副词含义比较词形变换与特殊用法(原卷版)-十年（2013-2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练热点04形容词与副词含义比较、词形变换与特殊用法1.（2021·天津）Whilerock-climbing,youneedtoremainvery________sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors.A．satisfied B．focused C．amused D．delighted【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A.satisfied满意的；B.focused专注的；C.amused被逗乐的；D.delighted高兴的。根据后文“sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故选B。2.（2021·天津）Asworkingfromhomebecomes________common,peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer.A．increasingly B．equally C．nervously D．confusingly【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A.increasingly越来越多地，渐增地；B.equally相等地；C.nervously紧张地；D.confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。故选A。3.（2021·天津）Thepolicesearchedtheareaforseveraldays.________,theyfoundthepieceofevidencetheywerelookingfor.A．Generally B．OriginallyC．Eventually D．Unfortunately【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。A.Generally通常，普遍地；B.Originally起初，原来，独创地；C.Eventually最终；D.Unfortunately不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故选C。4.（2021·天津）It’sagoodideatochoosea(n)________destinationincaseyourfirst-choicetouristspotisnotavailable.A．annual B．exact C．alternative D．pleasant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A.annual年度的；B.exact准确的；C.alternative替代的；D.pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destinationincaseyourfirst-choicetouristspotisnotavailable”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。故选C。5.(2020﹒江苏)TheoutbreakofCovid-19hasmeantan_____changeinourlifeandwork.A.absurd B.abrupt C.allergic D.authentic【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A.absurd荒谬的；B.abrupt突然的；C.allergic过敏的；D.authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。6.(2020﹒天津)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto,asitis______.A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A.worthwhile值得的；B.necessary必要的；C.optional可选择的，选修的；D.serious严肃的，认真的。根据”wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是”可选择的”。故选C。7.(2020﹒全国卷I﹒语法填空)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.【答案】extremely【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。8.(2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空)66(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【答案】Certainly【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。9.(2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空)BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。10.(2020﹒全国卷III﹒语法填空)Asthesmallboatmoved,68(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.【答案】gently【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。11.(2020﹒新高考全国I卷（山东）﹒语法填空)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【答案】wealthy【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。12.(2019﹒江苏)Nowadaysthe___________fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A.priority B.potential C.proportion D.pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.priority优先；优先权；B.potential潜在的，可能的；C.proportion比例，占比；D.pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。13.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining61hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。14.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词havebeenacknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。15.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后thantheyactuallyare可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。16.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。17.(2018﹒江苏)Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageris_______toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.A.keenB.reluctantC.anxiousD.ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.keen敏锐的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.anxious渴望的；D.ready准备好的。故选B。18.(2016﹒江苏)Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost__________statementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.A.explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。19.(2015﹒浙江)Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswasalive. A.steadilyB.instantlyC.formerly D.permanently【答案】C

【解析】试题分析:句意:就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，放在我们的口里的每一点食物在之前都是活着的。A.steadily意为稳定地，B.instantly

意为立即地，C.formerly

意为先前地;D.permanently意为永久地。在做题的时候，只需要理解最后一句话就可以了wasgalive根据句意及常识不能得出答案,在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。20.(2015﹒福建)Itwas________ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.A.carelessB.considerate C.patient D.generous【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B21.(2015﹒江苏)Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand_______reviewofthecase.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。22.(2015﹒湖北)Idon’tthinkwhathesaidis_____tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.A.faithfulB.parallelC.relevantD.similar【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。berelevantto“和……相关”。故选C项。23.(2014﹒安徽)MygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeaboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere.A.puzzledB.sensitiveC.optimisticD.embarrassed【答案】C【解析】形容词puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed尴尬的；句义：在工作面试中良好表现让我对自己的未来和在这里能够做的事情很乐观。根据Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterview表现良好，说明我对自己未来很有信心，故C正确。24.(2013﹒福建)Thosepoorandneedyteenagerswereexcitedtofindashopatthecornerwheretheycouldbuy____pricedbikes。A.competitively B.recently C.reasonably D.affordably【答案】D【解析】competitively有竞争力地；recently最近；reasonably合理地、适度地；affordably付得起，根据句意选D。句意为那些贫困的学生很兴奋地发现在拐弯的地方有一间商店，在那间商店他们可以买得起标明了价格的自行车。25.(2013﹒湖北)Peoplecomplainthatdecisionstoapproveordenyapermitareoften______ratherthanbasedonfixedcriteria.A.appropriateB.consciousC.arbitraryD.controversial【答案】C【解析】appropriate适当的；恰当的；合适的conscious有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；arbitrary随意的；主观的，武断的；专制的，独断独行的；controversial有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的；好争论的；句意为有人抱怨，批准或拒绝许可证的决定往往是任意的而不是基于既定的标准。26.(2013﹒湖北)Hedidn’tselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Instead,hemadea_________contributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercial

B.generous

C.comparable

D.profitable【答案】B【解析】commercial

商业的；贸易的；营利的；generous

慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的；comparable

可比较的；比得上的profitable有利可图的，有益的；句意为他不自私地把自己从他叔叔那里继承的钱据为己有，相反，他慷慨的捐献以帮助社区。27.(2013﹒辽宁)Everythingseemedtobegoing______forthefirsttwodaysafterImovedtoNewYork.A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly【答案】D【解析】A.vividly生动地B.generally一般地，概括地C.frequently频繁地，经常地D.smoothly平稳地，流利地。本句中，gosmoothly意为“进展顺利”。故选D。句意为在我搬到纽约之后的头两天，似乎一切进展顺利。28.(2013﹒天津)IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteof--thereare______meaningfulthingstodo.A.lessB.moreC.theleastD.themost【答案】B【解析】B.more.“较多地”修饰形容词meaningful；此句是一个比较句型，后面相当于省略了thanwatchingTV这一活动；C.theleast.“最少”D.themost.“最多”。句意为我认为每天晚上看电视是一种浪费时间的行为，还有很多比这更有意义的事情可做。29.(2013﹒全国新课标II)Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbefore______isputforward,we’llmakedowithit.A.agoodone B.abetterone C.thebestone D.abestone【答案】B【解析】根据句意，空处应该是指“比这个更好的”，故用比较级。句意为这可能并不是一个非常好的建议。但是，在一个更好的建议提出来之前，我们就将就它了。30.(2013﹒浙江)Ifweleaverightaway,______,we’llarriveontimeA.hopefully B.curiously C.occasionally D.gradually【答案】A【解析】根据上下文leaverightaway和arriveontime，应选择hopefully有希望。curiously好奇地，occasionally偶尔，gradually渐渐地，均与arriveontime无法搭配。句意为如果我们立刻出发，我们有希望按时到达。一、形容词、副词的基本用法形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though,(ever)since,incase等。Heisold.Heworkshard,though.＝Thoughheisold,heworkshard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously,naturally,surprisingly等。Fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happilyforher,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。4.cannot/never与enough或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。—Iwasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。—Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越小心越好。二、形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 ☞Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 ☞Theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine. 这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。【特别提醒】 as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如： ☞Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=Thebuildingis100meterstall.这栋楼有100米。二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语有:rather,much，still,any(否定句、疑问句中),even,far,alot，abit,alittle,agreatdeal等。 ☞HeismuchtallerthanYaoMing.他比姚明高多了。 ☞Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.这本书比那本书要好得多。2.比较级的常见结构：（1）＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 ☞YoulookmuchyoungerthanIdo.你看上去比我年轻多了。 ☞Shedoesn’tworkharderthanyou.她工作不如你努力。（2）由more,fewer,less+名词构成的比较级 ①more＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 ☞Ihavemorenewsbooksthanmycousin. ☞HehasmoremilkthanI. ②less＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 ☞Hehaslesswaterthanme. ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 ☞Theyhavefewerflowersthanwe.3.比较级的特殊结构（1）Themore…,themore…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) ☞Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 ☞Thehappieryouare,themorefriendsyouwillmake.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂moreandmore+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂☞Ourschooliscleanerandcleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。 ☞Ourcitybecomesmoreandmorebeautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。3.＂the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。 ☞Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.＂no+比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂＂not+比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 ☞YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一样矮。 ☞Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.我的书法没有你的好。三、最高级1.最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notreally，notquite，nothinglike。 ☞ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 ☞I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2.最高级意义的表达法 ①the+最高级+比较范围 ☞Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive. ②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数 ☞Ihaveneverreadabetterbookthanthis.③比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词比较级＋than＋anyoneelse比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词比较级＋than＋therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词eg:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)①Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.②Juliaistallerthanalltheothergirlsinherclass.③Juliaistallerthananyoftheothergirlsinherclass.④Juliaistallerthantherestofgirlsinherclass.⑤Juliaisthetallestgirlinherclass.④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 ☞Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 ☞—Areyousatisfiedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting? 你对他在会议上说的满意吗？—No.Itcouldn’thavebeenworse. 不，不能再差了。三、倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)Ais＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)Ais＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)Ais＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)Ais＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)Ais＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句①Thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。②Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2008.＝Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。③Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced，thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsin2008astheyearbefore.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)→出处→材料性质→类别→名词asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar五、形容词、副词辨析形容词副词的区别及用法1.late和laterHeislate.Heishalfanhourlate. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。Threeminuteslater,hearrived. 三分钟后，他来了。2.pleased,pleasing与pleasant（1）pleased的含义是＂感到满意，高兴＂，后常跟介词at,with。例如：I’mpleasedtoseeyouhere. 在这儿见到你很高兴。She’spleasedwithourprogramme. 她对我们的节目很满意。（2）pleasing表示＂令人欣喜的＂，相当于＂givingpleasure＂。例如：Mysister’sprogressindancingispleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。Thebabyhasapleasingvoice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。（3）pleasant表示＂快乐的，愉快的＂。例如：Thegirlhasapleasantchildhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。Tohaveapleasantholidayismyfavorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。3.living,alive与live。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：Notalllivingthingsliveonsunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。Mygrandparentsarestillliving. 我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive译为＂活着的＂，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：Hemaybethebusiestpersonalive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。Isthatsheepdeadoralive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？（3）alive还有＂活泼的，活动的，有生机的＂之意。例如：Youseemverymuchalivetoday. 你今天看起来很活跃。（4）live表示＂活着的＂，做＂现场直播＂讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。Theprogrammeislive./Theprogrammeisbroadcastlive. 这个节目是现场直播的。4.worth，worthy与worthwhile（1）worth意为＂值得的＂，后接v-ing形式，构成＂beworthdoing＂结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；（2）worthy意为＂值得的＂，后接＂of+名词（或being+过去分词）＂，构成＂beworthyof+名词（或beingdone）＂结构或＂beworthytobedone＂结构。（3）beworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.例如：Thiscoatisworthonehundredyuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。Thisproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed. 这个问题值得讨论。5.too、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Aretheycomingtoo? 他们也来吗?Sheisyoungandbeautiful,andalsorich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。Hehasn’tfinishedit,either. 他也还没有做完。6.likely与possible,probablelikely的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。六、重难点句型详解句型1：Ais倍数＋thesize/length/weight/height…ofB.如：Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。句型2：AistoBwhatCistoD.意为＂A对于B就如C对于D。＂如：Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。句型3：can’tbetoo＋adj.＝can’tbe＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越……如：Youcanneverbecarefulenough.＝Youcanneverbetoocareful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。句型4：too…to句型的两个意义(1)表示否定意义，意为＂太……而不能＂。如：Thisquestionistoohardformetounderstand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。(2)表示肯定意义，意为＂非常，很，极＂。当too后面接easy，ready,eager,inclined,willing,thankful,delighted等形容词时，too表示＂很，非常＂之意，与very表达＂很＂的意思相同。当too前有all,but,only等词时，形成only/but/alltoo…todo结构，仍旧表达＂非常，很，极＂之意。如：I’mtoogladtohearthat. 我对此感到非常高兴。一、单项选择1．Thechildren’stelevisionprogrammesareaimedata______ageofgroup.A．smart B．senior C．specific D．slight2．Thepoemis_________oftheRomanticperiod,whichmakesitknowntoall.A．satisfying B．regular C．formal D．typical3．Stopbeingso________,don’tgetangrywithsuchunimportantmatters.A．sensitive B．cruel C．fierce D．simple4．—HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyXiamenZhongxueshengZhushou?—Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyeda______onebefore.A．worst B．best C．worse D．better5．Lyingonthe_______leavesandlookingattheclearsky,wefeltvery_______.A．falling;relaxing B．fallen;relaxing C．falling;relaxed D．fallen;relaxed6．Thelocalgovernmentsdecidedtoshutdownsomeschools_______tousethemasstorehouses.A．severely B．incredibly C．temporarily D．originally7．Whenaskedabouttheirworkschedules,manypeoplepreferredmore_______workinghours,whichcanhelpthembalanceworkandlife.A．capable B．flexible C．available D．sustainable8．Choosinga________timetogotobedandthenstickingwithitisaninstantwaytohavemoredeepsleep.A．flexible B．specific C．precious D．rough9．Butachange,nomatterhow________itwasneeded,didn’tjusthappeninresponsetohiscry.A．ultimately B．domestically C．instinctively D．desperately10．FengXiaogang’slatestfilm,nowaboxofficehit,___________scheduledforreleaseonSept29washeldbackfortwomonths.A．casually B．originally C．permanently D．eventually11．Thoughtheprettygirlgotwhatshehadlistedonthepaper,shelookedattheshopwindowwith________eyes.A．crucial B．fierce C．uncomplicated D．greedy12．Thisletterisreally________tomebecauseit’sthelastonethatPeteeverwrote.A．precise B．previous C．precious D．present13．Humansareandwillcontinuetobecomeincreasingly______abouttheproblems______healthandwell-beingthroughfood.A．concerning;concerned B．concerned;concernedC．concerning;concerning D．concerned;concerning14．Shereadcomics______inclassandfilledthemarginsofhertextbookswithherownsketches.A．specially B．admittedly C．secretly D．properly15．Thisbrand-newinstrument,______ofproducingloudandsoftsounds,greatlyexpandsthepossibilitiesforconveyingemotion.A．capable B．able C．conscious D．ignorant16．Despitepreviousfailedattempts,thescientistsbelievedtheywouldmakeamajorbreakthroughinthe________experiments.A．critical B．subsequent C．delayed D．extended17．—DoyouknowifRobinismarriedornot?—Oh,asfarasIknow,heisstill______.A．available B．married C．free D．alone18．Smarthomescanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething______ofyourhealth,and______saveyourlife.A．abnormal;potentially B．usual;possiblyC．normal;impossibly D．unusual;definitely19．Aftertheexperiment,wecanseeclearlythattheresultsofthesurveyfallsintotwo______groups,sowecaneasilyseethedifferencenow.A．indistinct B．distinct C．distinctive D．distant20．Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.______,itisimportantthatwetry.A．Moreover B．Furthermore C．Inaddition D．Nevertheless21．Lifebeingveryshort,weoughttowastenoneoftheminreading______books.A．valueless B．valuable C．invaluable D．worthwhile22．ThespeechgivenbyDr.ZhongNanshanwas______andtouchedmyheart.A．inspiring B．inspired C．beinginspired D．toinspire23．Thepercentageofstudentsmajoringinartshasincreased_________from8%to37%inthepasttwoyears.A．gradually B．slightly C．dramatically D．particularly24．—Peter,mayIuseyourbicyclenow?—Sorry,itisnot______atthemoment.Itisbeingrepaired.A．ideal B．adjustable C．available D．ultimate25．Thebossisquite______withhissecretary’s______ability.A．satisfied;satisfied B．satisfying;satisfyingC．satisfied;satisfying D．satisfying;satisfied26．Wehadnoideathathewassucha________personwholovedmoneymorethananythingelse.A．admirable B．eager C．enthusiastic D．greedy27．Theprogramprovides______supporttopeoplewholosttheirjobsinthepandemic.A．energetic B．desperate C．intelligent D．financial28．Thoughmyrecentquizscoresare______,myteacheraswellasmyparentsalways______me.A．discouraging;encourages B．discouraged;encouragesC．discouraging;encourage D．discouraged;encourage29．______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A．Tolose B．Losing C．Lost D．Havingbeenlost30．Thepolicemancameuptotheonlyhousewiththedoor________,________thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A．open;standing B．opening;stood C．open;stood D．opened;standing二、完形填空Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways___31___you,butdon’tunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyou,butunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlife,butonly___32___friendsleavefootprints(脚印).Ishallalwaysrecall(回忆)theautumnandthegirlwiththe___33___.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend.Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves___34___onthecoolwind.Insuchaseason,Ilikedwalkingaloneintheleaves,___35___tothesoundofthem.Autumnisa___36___seasonbutlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme___37___.Butoneday,thesoundofaviolinflowedintomyearslikeastream(小溪)flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirl,standinginthewind,waslostinplayingherviolin.Ihad___38___seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.Lostinthemusic,Ididn’tknowthatIhadbeen___39___thereforsolongbutmyexistence(存在)didnotseemtodisturbher.Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolininthecornerofthebuilding____40____Iwentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame____41____.____42____wedidn’tknoweachother,Ithoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme.Autumnwasnearlyover.Oneday,whenIwaslisteningcarefully,thesoundsuddenlystopped.Tomyastonishment(惊讶),thegirlcameovertome.“Youmustlikeviolin.”shesaid.“Yes.Andyouplayverywell.Whydidyoustop?”Iasked.Suddenly,a____43____expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual.“Icameheretoseemygrandmother,butnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythatencouragedme.”shesaid.“Infact,itwasyourplaying____44____gavemeameaningfulautumn,”Ianswered,“Let’sbefriends.”Thegirlsmiled,andsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistenlikebefore.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure(身影)ofthegirl.Sheislikea____45____—soshort,sobright,likeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatitmakestheautumnbeautiful.31．A．for B．with C．against D．to32．A．good B．new C．true D．old33．A．sound B．song C．violin D．play34．A．shaking B．hanging C．falling D．floating35．A．watching B．seeing C．listening D．hearing36．A．lively B．harvest C．lovely D．lonely37．A．down B．off C．up D．over38．A．once B．never C．often D．usually39．A．standing B．stopping C．waiting D．hearing40．A．because B．when C．so D．but41．A．interesting B．moving C．exciting D．encouraging42．A．But B．However C．Even D．Though43．A．happy B．surprised C．strange D．sad44．A．who B．which C．it D．that45．A．song B．fire C．dream D．sister三、语法填空1SwimmingwaytosuccessWhatdoesittaketograduatefromauniversity?Many___46___sayallyouhavetodoistakeclassesandpasstheexams.Well,itrequiresmorethanitifyou’reastudentatTsinghuaUniversity.StartingthisSeptember,freshmenattheuniversitywillhavetotakeswimmingcourses.Iftheyfailaswimmingtestatthebeginningoftheiruniversitycourse,theywon’treceivetheirdegree___47___theycanpassthetestsuccessfully,accordingtoanannouncementbyTsinghuaUniversitypresidentQiuYong.Exceptions___48___(allow)forstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions,ifprovedbymedicalstaff.LiuBo,headoftheDivisionofSportsScienceandPhysicalEducation,explained___49___theuniversityislinkingswimmingabilitywithdegrees.“Asarequisite(必要的)survivalskill,swimmingisbeneficialforstudentsinthelongrun,sinceswimmingishelpfulinimprovingstudents’enduranceandis___50___(harmful)tojoints(关节)andmusclesasawatersport,”hetoldChinaDaily.Viewingtheability____51____(swim)asamustforstudentsisnotsomethingnewtothisuniversity-itwasalsoarequirementintheearly20thcentury.Itwaslaterdropped___52___arisingnumberofstudentsandalackoffacilities.BesidesTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversityandXiamenUniversityhavealsolistedswimmingasacompulsorycourseforstudents.However,theannouncementhascausedaheateddebate.Somewelcomedthenewrule,sayingit’sanecessaryskillthatcansavelives.“Swimmingisafundamental(基本的)skill.It’sawaytostayhealthyandislifesavinginemergencysituations.Ibelievemaking____53____mandatory(强制的)isnecessary,”YuanJiaxiang,ajuniorinTsinghua’sDepartmentofCivilEngineering,toldChinaDaily.However,somesaidithasnothingtodowithgettingadegree.“It’snotreasonabletorequirepeopletobeabletoswimforthemtograduate,”ZhengXiaoyu,ahighschoolstudentfromtheMiddleSchoolAffiliatedtoNorthernJiaotongUniversity,toldChinaDaily.“Foralotofpeoplewhogrewupininlandcities,learninghowtoswimasanadultwillbedifficult.”Infact,Chineseuniversitiesarenottheonlyeducationorganizations___54___encouragetheirstudentstoswim.AfewcollegesintheUnitedStates-includingCornell,ColumbiaandMIT-offerswimclassestostudents.“Anything___55___(prevent)peoplefromdyingneedlesslyisavaluableskill,”FredDeBruyn,directorofaquatics(水上运动)atCornell,toldTheNewYorkTimes.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AsEnglishlearners,wehavethealphabetclearlyinourmind,inorder,fromaveryyoungage.YoucansaytheABCs___56___rapidspeedandsomepeoplecanevensaythembackwardswithout__57__(think)aboutit.Wecertainlycan'timaginethealphabetbeinginanyotherorder.buthowdidtheorderweknowtodaycometobe?There’s___58___(real)notaneasyanswer.Noonewokeupanddecidedtoputthe__59__(letter)inthatorder,thealphabet__60__(evolve)slowlyoveralongperiodoftimetobecome__61__itistoday.OuralphabetcandatebacktoancientEgypt.Thisfirstalphabet__62__(improve)bythePhoeniciansaround1000BC,___63___(early)thantheGreeksby200years,andwehavethemtothankforvowels(元音)FromGreece,ouralphabettraveledtoRome,andtheRomansturned__64__intothe“modern”alphabet,withletterswerecognizetoday.Sowhythatorder?Whilewedon’tknowforsure.somescholarsassumedthattheordercamefrommemorycellsinourbrainsmeant__65__(help)peoplerememberit-somekindofsentencewhereeachletterbecameafullword,likethetechniqueyouusedinschooltoremembertheorderoftheplanets.3阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）。AlbertEinsteinwasoneofthegreatest____66____(scientist)intheworld.Hedevelopedmanytheoriesorideas.Thesetheoriescontributedgreatly____67____people’sunderstandingoftheuniverse.AlbertEinsteinwasb