译林版（2020）必修三UNIT4SCIENTISTSWHOCHANGEDTHEWORLDGRAMMARANDUSAGE课件（58张）

V-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsv-in形式作定语，状语和宾补时态和语态

doingbeingdonehavingdone(作状语)havingbeendone(作状语)not+v.ing形式形式现在式完成式否定式主动被动contents动词ing作主语动词ing作表语动词ing作宾语动词ing作宾语补足语动词ing作定语动词ing作状语动词ing作主语AA.一般形式ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout3hours.B.it作形式主语Itisnousearguingwithhim.C.Therebe句式Thereisnoharmindoingso.这样做没有害处动词ing作表语AA.动名词（相当于名词）Myfavoritesportisswimming.Theirjobiscleaningthewindow.B.现在分词（相当于形容词）Thefoodsmellsinviting.Thereasonhegavewasveryconvincing.这食物闻起来很诱人。他给的理由非常令人信服A动词/动词短语后Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.IpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday

我建议用一种不同的方式来做这件事动词ing作宾语我每天练习说英语1.作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口语记住:避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advice,finish,practise)喜欢想象忍不住(enjoy,imagine,can'thelp)承认否认与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)动词ing作宾语2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。常见的跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insiston,objectto,begoodat,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,beworth,bebusy等。动词ing作宾语Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按自己的方法去做。Ihaveneverdreamedofvisitingthatplace.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。Stopdoingsth停止做某事Stoptodosth停下来去做某事Rememberdoingsth记得做了某事Remembertodosth记住要去做某事Forgetdoingsth忘记做了某事Forgettodosth忘记要去做某事Regretdoingsth后悔做了某事Regrettodosth遗憾要去做某事Trydoingsth试着做某事Trytodosth努力/企图做某事动词ing作宾语3.有些动词或词组后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。动词ing作宾补01跟在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后，如：feel,find,notice,see等。Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.02部分动词后可由as引出动词ing形式作宾补，如regard,treat等。Theydescribethechildasbeingveryclever.使役动词及其它一些动词，如：keep,set等。后可用动词ing形式作宾补。

Canyougetmywatchgoingagain?03你能使我的表再次走起来吗？他们说这孩子非常聪明我听到有人敲门动词ing作定语01动词ing单独作定语（类似于形容词）

waitingroom(动名词)aflyingbird(现在分词)02动词ing与其他词构成合成词作定语aneasy-goingman动词ing形式短语作后置定语.AboywaitingforthebusThepeopletalkingtherearemyfriends..03动名词修饰名词时表示该名词的用途现在分词修饰名词时表示其性质状态或动作等作定语——比较动词ing表示主动或正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。Youshouldadapttothe

(change)

situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。Thegroundiscoveredwith

(fall)

leaves.地上满是落叶。I＇mlookingforaroom

(live)

in.我正在找房子住。changingtolivefallen动词ing作状语0102作时间状语

Hearingthenoise,Iturnedround＝WhenIheardthenoise,Iturnedround.

作原因状语Beingpoor,hecould'taffordaTVset.＝Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.听到响声我转过身去。由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。动词ing作状语0304作条件状语相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Workinghard,you'llcertainlysucceed.＝Ifyouworkhard,you'llcertainlysucceed.

作结果状语通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。Thefirelastedwholenight,causinggreatdamage.只要努力学习,你肯定会成功的。大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。动词ing作状语［名师点津］动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用onlytodo结构，其被动形式为onlytobedoneHewascaughtintherain，thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.

Ihurriedtoschool，onlytofinditwasSunday.被雨淋后他感冒了。我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。动词ing作状语06作让步状语相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句

Havingbeingtoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.=

Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.虽然被告知多次了，但他仍然犯同样的错误。动词ing作状语05作伴随状语动词-ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingbook.

=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。Focuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasattributivesv-ing作定语

buildingmaterials=

drinkingwater=awalkingstick=areadingroom=awritingdesk=tiringmusic=materialsforbuilding建筑材料

waterfordrinking饮用水astickforwalking手杖aroomforreading阅览室adeskforwriting写字台musicthatistiring烦人的音乐1.单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前，可表示被修饰者的作用或功能①Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.②Itwasanastonishingperformance.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。这是一场令人惊讶的演出。有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词，表示“令人……的”。常用的此类词有：exciting,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。①Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.②Theman

standingthere

isPeter'sfather.

③Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。2.(1)动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。①Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.②Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。2.(2)动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。3.动词-ing形式作定语，有被动形式。

动词-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动形式，即beingdone.Beingdone通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。①Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.②Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbythe

headmaster.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。Fillintheblanks.1.Herushedintothe________

(burn)house.2.Thechild_________

(stand)overthereismybrother.3.Theroom_________(face)southisourclassroom.4.Theman,________(talk)totheteacher,isourmonitor'sfather.5.Successmakessensetoyouonlywhenyouchoosesomething___________(challenge).burningchallengingstandingfacingtalkingFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasadverbialsv-ing作状语

1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步方式动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步方式动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.6.Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步方式伴随动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.6.Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步方式伴随动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.7.Hesatinthechairandreadanewspaper.6.Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Checkthesentences.Beingtired,IaskedJohntohavearest.Beingtired,Johnhadarest.1.Supposingitrains,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.2.

Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。动词-ing用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的态度、观点等，如：generallyspeaking,frankly/honestlyspeaking,judgingby/from,considering/seeing,supposing等等Focuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasobjectcomplementsv-ing作宾补1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.

3.Wemustn'tkeepthemwaiting.2.当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。=Thedogisfound

sleeping

onthestreet.他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。=Hewasheard

singinginthenextroom.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。=Theymustn'tbekept

waiting.千万不能让他们等。3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：1.Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.2.Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验)(一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验)表示动作正在进行表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程1.Isawthem_______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.2.Weheardthem__________(quarrel)aboutmoneyafter

theconcert;theylookedveryangry.3.Iheardhim________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothe

collectingtin.4.Thestudentswhoarecaught________(cheat)intheexam

willbepunished.5.Theteacherwentawayangrily,leavingthestudent

_________(stand)outside.forcingquarrelingdroppingFillintheblanks.cheatingstandingAExploringtherulesV-ingformsasattributivesawebsitebelongingtoalldanceloversV-ingformsasadverbialsTakingadvantageofthesite'sgreatstartV-ingformsasobjectcomplementsshewatchedherdaughterdancingAnnaisreadinganarticleaboutawebsite.Findtheverb-ingformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.AExploringtherulesV-ingformsasattributivesawebsitebelongingtoalldanceloversV-ingformsasadverbialsTakingadvantageofthesite'sgreatstartV-ingformsasobjectcomplementsshewatchedherdaughterdancingtheladyrunningthewebsite/inspiringstories

ShealwaysfounddancerelaxingHavingachievedsuchsuccessAnnaisreadinganarticleaboutawebsite.Findtheverb-ingformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.AExploringtherulesV-ingformsasattributivesawebsitebelongingtoalldanceloversV-ingformsasadverbialsTakingadvantageofthesite'sgreatstartV-ingformsasobjectcomplementsshewatchedherdaughterdancingtheladyrunningthewebsite/inspiringstories

ShealwaysfounddancerelaxingHavingachievedsuchsuccessWorkingouttherules•Theverb-ingformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)(1)

________(active/passive)meaning.•Whentheverb-ingformisusedasanattributive,itoftencomes(2)

_______(before/after)thenoun,buttheverb-ingphraseusedasanattributiveisusuallyput(3)

________(before/after)thenoun.•Whenusedasanadverbial,theverb-ingformcanexpresstime,reason,purpose,resultorcondition.•Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedasanobjectcomplement.beforeaf