2022年职称英语等级考试模拟试题(卫生类)

2022年职称英语等级考试模拟试题（卫生类）

考试时间：120分钟考试总分：100分

第1局部：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题l分，共15分）

下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线局部意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1Inl840LucretiaMostandElizabethStantonwereexcludedfrom.TheWorld”sAnti-slaveryConventionmerelybecausetheywerewomen.

AconsultedbyBelectedtoCkeptoutofDapplaudedby

2Themeasurestakenbytheadministrationfailedtoreduceunemployment.

AhelpedtoBdidnot

CwerenotintendedtoDwerenecessaryto

3Marysaidthatshewasfedup.

AdisgustedBsatisfiedCravenousDfull

4Themayorrefusedtogiveintothedemandofthegroup.

AreplytoByieldtoCacknowledgeDpublicize

5Mr.Jacksonwantstogiveoutthisnewsassoonaspossible.

AfurnishBannounceCemitDabandon

6Someformsofarthritismaydevelopwhenthebody”sabilitytofightdiseasegoesawry.

AtakesoverBcomesup

CisinterruptedDbecomesfaulty

7Themaninaragewasdeadlastnight.

AnarrativeBlaudableCoutragedDpatentable

8Sandisfoundinabundanceontheseashoreandisoftenblowninlandtdformsandhillsanddunes.

AatrandomBathightide

CindrymoundsDingreatquantities

9Somevarietiesofshorthorns,themostcommonbreedofbeefcattle,areinfacthornless.

AcrediblyBactuallyCreportedlyDpotentially

10Duetohiscarelessness,hewasleftoutofanopportunity.

AincludedinBexcludedfrom

CsuperiortoDexhaustedby

11Theleadersofmodernarchitecturehavecharacteristicallybeenvigorousandarticulatethinkersinwhosemindsarchitecturaltheoryislinkedtoideasofsocialreform.

AdefinedbyBrelatedtoCappliedtoDreinforcedby

12Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

AdepositedinBinvisibletoCblurredtoDisolatedin

13JamesWasoblivioustothenoisearoundhim.

AnervousaboutBfuriousabout

CirritatedbyDUnawareof

14Intheearlydaysofbaseball,thegamewasplayedbyyoungmenofmeansandsocialposition.

AwithskillBwithequipment、

CwithmoneyDwithambition

15SummerweatherofninetydegreesormorehasbeenreportedoffandoninFortYokon,Alaska.

AbackandforthBasoflate

CnowandthenDonthespot

第2局部：阅读推断（第16~22题，每题l分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出推断。假如该句供应的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句供应的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

WaterResource

Morethanhalfofthewaterusedfordrinking,washingandirrigatingcomesfromundertheground.Thissubterranean(地下的)waterisknownasgroundwater.

第3局部：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题l分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

HowWeFormFirstImpression

1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.

2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson”seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesinformation—thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincoming“signals“arecomparedagainstahostof“memories“storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean.“

3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe.“Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“new—potentiallythreatening.“Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother“known“memories.Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristies,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew.1don”tlikethisperson.“orelse,“I”mintrigued.“Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures—likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsay,“Ilikethisperson.“Butthesepreliminary“impressions“canbedeadwrong.

4Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofoth-

ers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople—theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter—wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.

5However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson”scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking-andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.

23Paragraph2________

24Paragraph3________

25Paragraph4________

26Paragraph5________

AWaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressions

BCommentonFirstImpression

CIllustrationofFirstImpression

DComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemories

EThreateningAspectofFirstImpressions

FDifferencesAmongJocks,GeeksandFreaks

27Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough________.

28Youinterpret________bycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrain.

29Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalessmatureformofthinking,whichissimilarto________.

30Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthanksto________.

Aastranger”slessmaturetypeofthinking

Bthemostcomplexareasofourcortex

Ctheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchild

Dthemeaningofincomingsensoryinformation

Ethesightsandsoundsoftheworld

Fanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinking

Itisgenerallytakenforgrantedthatthegroundwaterdrawnfromwellsispresenteverywhereandwillalwaysbeavailableandcleanandsafetodrink.Butexpertsarereportingthatgroundwatersourcescandryupthroughoveruse,orbecomecontaminatedasaresultofpollution,poorsanitation(卫生)orsaltwaterintrusion.

This“‘invisibleresource“一asgroundwaterwasdescribedbytheUnitedNationsforits1998observance(纪念)ofWorldDayforwater—isslowlyemerginginpolitical,economicandpersonalaffairs.

Withdemandgrowingandsupplypresentinggreaterdifficulties,groundwaterisonthewaytobecomingaboombusiness.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthedevelopingcountrieswillrequireinvestmentstotaling$600billiontorepairandimprovewatersystems.Oftheinvestmentsthatareactuallymade,asubstantialamountwillbedevotedtoextractingandpipinggroundwater,primarilyforagriculturaluseandsecondarilyforindustryandhouseholdconsumption.Withatrendtowardsprivatizationofpublicservices,itcanbeexpectedthatagrowingportionofinvestmentsinwaterwillcomefromtheprivatesector;requirementsthatgovernmentsprivatizewaterutilitiesarealreadybeingwrittenintothetermsofmultilateralloans.Oneconsequenceofgrowingprivatizationmaybethataccesstowaterwillnotbere-gradedasaright,hutasafunctionofeconomicmarkets.

Groundwater,whichinitsnaturalstateismoreprotectedthansurfacewater,isthepreferredsourceofdrinkingwaterforcities.Butpressureisbeingplacedongroundwaterresourceslyingclosetourbanareasbyexplodingpopulations,astheportionoftheworld”speopieresidingincitiedballoonsfrom31percentinl995toaprojected50percentin2022.Andthereisalsothepressureofdollarstopurchaselandlyingabovegroundwatersourcesandtokeepitinanaturalstate,inordertoprotectaquifers(蓄水层)fromcontamination.Inthedevelopingcountries,whereurbanpopulationgrowthissurpassingsewagesystems,theproblemofuntreatedhumanwasteisextremelyserious.

Alongsidetheproblemsofpublicgroundwatersourcesistheincreasedconsumptionofprivatelybottledwater,mostofwhichisnamedspringwater,i.e.groundwater.ConsumptionofbottledwaterintheUnitedStates,forinstance,hasrisenfromvirtuallynil(零)inthe1950st0843milliongallonsinl984and2.95billiongallonsinl997.Butdrinkingbottledwaterisnotjustatrendforthemiddleclasses.Indevelopingcountries,waterpipesrarelyextendtothepoorerneighbourhoods,andresidentshavenochoicebuttopayhighpricesforbottledwater.

Politicalleadersandanalystsaretalkingmorefrequentlyaboutthepossibilitythatincreasingdemandforpreciousgroundwaterwillleadtocross—borderconflicts,evenwars.Itisnoteasytoresolvedisputesoverthehighestgroundwaterrights,sincemanyaquifersandundergroundstreamscrossnationalborders;andawelldrilledverticallywithintheboundariesofonecountrymayverywellbedrawingwaterfromthesameaquifer,alsochosenbyaneigh-bouringnation.Inclinedandevenhorizontaldrillingfurthercomplicatesthisissue.

16Thepassagemainlytalksabouttheprivatizationofgroundwater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Groundwaterisomnipresent.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Groundwaterisapreferredsourceofdrinkingwater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Accesstowaterwillberegardedasafunctionofeconomicmarkets.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Comparedwithdevelopedcountries,thebiggestproblemindevelopingcountriesiscross-borderconflictsandwars.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Themiddleclassesdrinkbottledwaterbecausewaterpipesrarelyextendtotheirneigh-bourhoods.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Bottledwaterismoreconvenient.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第4局部：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请认真阅读短文并依据短文答复其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇ANewFinding

Britishcancerresearchershavefoundthatchildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyaninfectionandclustersofcasesaroundindustrialsitesaretheresultofpopulationmixingthatincreasesexposure.TheresearchpublishedintheBritishJournalofCancerbacksupa1988theorythatsomeasyetunidentifiedinfectioncausedleukaemia-nottheenvironmentalfactorswidelyblamedforthedisease.

“Childhoodleukaemiaappearstobeanunusualresultofacommoninfection,“saidSirRichardDoll,aninternationally-knowncancerexpertwhofirstlinkedtobaccowithlungcancerin1950.“Avirusisthemostlikelyexplanation.Youwouldgetanincreasedriskofitifyousuddenlyputalotofpeoplefromlargetownsinaruralarea,whereyoumighthavepeopiewhohadnotbeenexposedtotheinfection.“DollwascommentingonthenewfindingsbyresearchersatNewcastleUniversity,whichfocusedonaclusterofleukaemiacasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingplantinCumbriainnorthernEngland.ScientistshavebeentryingtoestablishwhytherewasmoreleukaemiainchildrenaroundtheSellafieldarea,buthavefailedtoestablishalinkwithradiationorpollution.TheNewcastleUniversityresearchbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParkershowedtheclusterofcasescouldhavebeenpredictedbecauseoftheamountofpopulationmixinggoingoninthearea,aslargenumbersofcon-structionworkersandnuclearstaffmovedintoaruralsetting.“Ourstudyshowsthatpopulationmixingcanaccountforthe,(Sellafield)leukaemiaclusterandthatallchildren,whethertheirparentsareincomersorlocals,areatahigherriskiftheyareborninanareaofhighpopulationmixing,“DickinsonsaidinastatementissuedbytheCancerResearchCampaign,whichpublishestheBritishJournalofCancer.

Theirpaperaddscrucialweighttothel988theoryputforwardbyLeoKinlen,acancerepidemiologistatOxfordUniversity,whosaidthatexposuretoacommonunidentifiedinfectionthroughpopulationmixingresultedinthedisease.

31Whofirsthintedatthepossiblecauseofchildhoodleukaemiabyinfection?________

ALeoKinlen.

BRichardDoll.

CLouiseParker.

DHeatherDickinson.

32WhichstatementcanbesupportedbyHeatherDickinsonandLouiseParker”snewfindings?________

ARadiationhascontributedtothedisease.

BPuttingalotofpeoplefromruralareainalargetownsincreasestheriskofchildhoodleukaemia.

CPopulationmixingisthemostimportantreasonforleukaemiacluster.

DChildhoodleukaemiaiscausedbyanunusualinfection.

33Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?________

AMostpeoplebelievechildhoodleukaemiaisduetoenvironmentalfactors.

BPopulationmixingbestexplainsthecauseofchildhoodleukaemia.

CRadiationhasnothingtodowithchildhoodleukaemia.

DChildrenborninalargetownareathigherriskofleukaemia.

34CancerResearchCampaignismostpossiblya________.

Amedicaljournal

Bresearchinstitute

Cprivatecompany

Dgovernmentalagency

35Thispassageismainlyabout________.

AtheclusterofleukaemiaeasesaroundtheSellafieldnuclearreprocessingpart

Bthekindofinfectionthatcauseschildhoodleukaemia

Cthecausesofchildhoodleukaemia

DanewfindingbyBritishscientists

其次篇MobilePhoneandDiseases

AstudybyscientistsinFinlandhasfoundthatmobilephoneradiationcancausechangesinhumancellsthatmightaffectthebrain,theleaderoftheresearchteamsaid.

ButDariusLeszczynski,whoheadedthe2-yearstudyandwillpresentfindingsnextweekataconferenceinQuebec(魁北克),saidmoreresearchwasneededtodeterminetheserious-nessofthechangesandtheirimpactonthebrainorthebody.

ThestudyatFinland”sRadiationandNuclearSafetyAuthorityfoundthatexposuretoradiationfrommobilephonescancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteinsinhumancellsgrowninalaboratory,hesaid.

“Weknowthatthereissomebiologicalresponse.Wecandetectitwithourverysensitiveapproaches,butwedonotknowwhetheritcanhaveanyphysiologicaleffectsonthehumanbrainorhumanbody,“Leszczynskisaid.

Nonethelessthestudy,theinitialfindingsofwhichwerepublishedlastmonthinthescientificjournalDifferentiation,raisesnewquestionsaboutwhethermobilephoneradiationcanweakenthebrain”sprotectiveshieldagainstharmfulsubstances.

Thestudyfocusedonchangesincellsthatlinebloodvesselsandonwhethersuchchangescouldweakenthefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarrier,whichpreventspotentiallyharmfulsubstancesfromenteringthebrainfromthebloodstream.Leszczynskisaid.

Thestudyfoundthataproteincalledhsp27linkedtothefunctioningoftheblood-brainbarriershowedincreasedactivityduetoirradiationandpointedtoapossibilitythatsuchactivitycouldmaketheshieldmorepermeable(能透过的),hesaid.

“Increasedproteinactivitymightcauseceilstoshrink-nottheblood|vesselshutthecellsthemselves-andthentinygapscouldappearbetweenthosecellsthroughwhichsomemoleculescouldpass.“hesaid.

Leszezynskideclinedtospeculateonwhatkindofhealthrisksthatcouldpose,butsaidaFrenchstudyindicatedthatheadache,fatigueandsleepdisorderscouldresult.

“Thesearenotlife-threateningproblemsbutcancausealotofdiscomfort,“hesaid,addingthataSwedishgrouphadalsosuggestedapossiblelinkwithAlzheimer”sdisease.

“Wherethetruthisdonotknow,“hesaid.

Leszczynskisaidthathe,hiswifeandchildrenusemobilephones,andhesaidthathedidnotthinkhisstudysuggestedanyneedfornewrestrictionsonmobilephoneuse.

36AccordingtoLeszczynski,howdoesmobilephoneaffectone”shealth?________

AMobilephoneradiationcanincreaseproteinactivitiesandsuchactivitiescanmaketheprotectiveshieldmorepermeable.

BMobilephoneradiationcanshrinkthebloodvesselsandpreventbloodfromflowingsmoothly.

CMobilephoneradiationwillbringstresstopeopleexposedtoit.

DMobilephoneradiationkillsbloodcellsatarapidspeed.

37What”stheresultoftheFrenchstudy?________

ATheharmofmobilephoneradiationislife-threatening.

BMobilephonemayaffectone”snormalwayofthinking.

CSleepdisorderscouldresultfrommobilephoneradiation.

DAproteincalledhsp27iskilledbymobilephoneradiation.

38Whatkindofdiseaseisnotcausedbytheuseofmobilephone?________

AFatigue.

BHeadache.

CAlzheimer”sdisease.

DTuberculosis.

39Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldbethefutureoftheuseofmobilephone?________

APeoplewillbeforbiddentousemobilephone.

BPeopledarenotusemobilephonebecauseofitsradiation.

CPeoplewillcontinuetousemobilephone.

DTherewillbenewrestrictionsontheuseofmobilephone.

40WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?________

ATheresearchinFinlandfoundthatmobilephoneradiationwillaffectone”sbrain.

BMobilephoneradiationcancauseincreasedactivityinhundredsofproteininhumancells.

CIncreasedproteinactivitymightcausecellstoshrink.

DLeszczynskiforbidhiswifeandchildrentousemobilephoneafter、hisresearch.

第三篇ProblemsofInternet

TheproportionofworkscutforthecinemainBritaindroppedfrom40percentwhenIjoinedtheBBFCin1975tolessthan4percentwhenIleft.ButIdon”tthinkthat20yearsfromnowitwillbepossibletoregulateanymediumascloselyastregulatedfilm.

TheInternetis,ofcourse,thegreatestproblemforthiscentury.Theworldwillhavetofindameans,throughsomesortofinternationaltreatyofUnitedNationsinitiative,tocontrolthematerialthat”snowgoingtotallyunregulatedintopeople”shomes.Thatsaid,itwillonlytakeonelittlecountrylikeParaguaytorefusetosignatreatyfortransmissiontobeunstoppable.Parentalcontrolisnevergoingtobesufficient.

I”mstillveryworriedabouttheimpactofviolentvideogames,eventhoughresearcherssaytheirimpactismoderatedbythefactthatplayersdon”tsomuchexperiencethegameas

enjoythetechnicalmanoeuvres(策略)thatenableyoutowin.Butinrespectofviolenceinmainstreamfilms,I”mmoreoptimistic.Quitesuddenly,tasteshavechanged,andit”snolongerStalloneorSchwarzeneggerwhoarethetopstars,butLeonardoDiCapriothathastakeneverybodybysurprise.

GothroughthemostsuccessfulfilmsinEuropeandAmericanowandyouwillfindvirtuallynonethatweareviolent.QuentinTarantinodidn”tusherinanew,violentgeneration,andfilmsarebecomingmuchmoreprosocialthanonewouldhaveexpected.

Cinemagoingwillundoubtedlysurvive.Thenewmultiplexesareagloriousexperience,offeringperfectsoundandpictureandverycomfortableseats,thinswhichhaddiedoutinthe1980s.Ican”tbelievewe”veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayinfavorofhuddlingarounda14-inchcomputermonitortowatchdigitally-deliveredmoviesathome.

Itwillbecomeincreasinglycheaptomakefilms,withcamerasbecomingsmallerandlighterbutremainingveryprecise.Thatmeansgreaterchancesfornewtalenttoemerge,asitwillbemucheasierforpeopletolearnhowtobebetterfilm-makers.People”sworkingliveswillbeshorterinthefuture,andonceretiredtheywillspendalotoftimelearningtodothingsthatamusethem-likemakingvideos.Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedasproducersaswellasaudience;insteadofwritingletters,onewillsendlittlehomemoviesentitledMyWeek.

41WhichofthefollowingaboutInternetistrueaccordingtothepassage?________

ATheInternetisthegreatestprogressforthiscentury.

BEffortsareneededtocontrolInternet.

CParaguayrefusedtosignatreatyfortransmission.

DTheUnitedNationshasfoundwaystopreventInternetfromdeveloping.

42Whatkindoffilmdoestheauthordislike?________

AViolentfilms.

BComedy.

CEuropeanfilms.

DFilmsactedbyLeonardo.

43Whatdoes“that“in“Ican”tbelievewe”veachievedthatonlytothrowitawayIfavor...“(Para.5)referto?________

ADigitally-deliveredmovies.

BMultiplexes.

CAdvancedcamera.

DSound.

44Whatistheauthor”sattitudetowardthefutureoffilm?________

APositive.

BNegative.

CUncertain.

DWorried.

45Whatdoes“media-saturated“in“Fiftyyearsonwecouldwellbemedia-saturatedas...“(Para.6)mean?________

ABetiredofmedia.

BBefullyaffectedbymedia.

CBedrivenmadbymedia.

DBebenefitedbymedia.

第5局部：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请依据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

ConservationorWastedEffort?

Theblackrobin(旅鸫)isoneoftheworld”srarestbirds.Itisasmallwildbird,anditlivesonlyontheislandofLittleMangere,offthecoastofNewZealand.In1967therewereaboutfiftyblackrobinsthere;in1977therewerefewerthanten.46

Energeticstepsarebeingtakentopreservetheblackrobin.47Theideaistobuyan-otherislandnearbyasaspecialhome,a“reserve“,forthreatenedwildlife,includingblackrobins.TheorganizerssaythatLittleMangereshouldthenberestocked(重新预备)withtherobin”sfood.ThousandsoftherequiredplantsareatpresentbeingcultivatedinNewZealand.

Isallthisconcernawasteofhumaneffort?48Arewelosingoursenseofwhatisreasonableandwhatisunreasonable?

Intheearth”slong,longpasthundredsofkindsofcreatureshaveevolved,risentoadegreeofsuccessanddiedout.Inthelong,longfuturetherewillbemanynewanddifferentformsoflife.Thosecreaturesthatadaptthemselvessuccessfullytowhatthe