2014年考研英语真题及解析

SectionⅠUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social, 5Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveinligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatinligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-based hastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogram16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouyto19onthestrengthsyouaredevelo--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]why [B]when [C]that [D]where2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]collapses [D]recovers3.[A]While [B]Unless [C]Once [D]If4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]relationship [B]environment [C]wellbeing [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]responses [B]roundabouts [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]criterion [C]circumstances[D]functions9.[A]channel [B]process [C]sequence [D]condition10.[A]excel [B]feature [C]persist [D]believe11.[A]However [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]Therefore12.[A]insteadof [B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom [D]accordingto13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]framework [B]stability [C]sharpness [D]flexibility15.[A]hurries [B]reminds[C]s[D]allows16.[A]order[B]track[C]hold[D]pace17.[A] [B] [C] [D]18.[A][B][C]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C]PartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextInorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’rengthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyour efromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucial etofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintended motivatetheunemployedtoreportprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstoencouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobguaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttoThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobably toregisterforanallowancefromthetoaccept ernment’srestrictionsonthetocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthetoattendaernmentaljob-trainingWhatpromptedthechancellortodevelophis[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifefor [B]Aneagernesstoprotectthe[C]Anurgetobegeneroustothe [D]ApassiontoensurefairnessforAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesone [B] [C] [D]TowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyUnemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeTheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualOsborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofAllaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewceswhereshavemoregroundsforcomintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminstead ethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeeoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanservesethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondue thegrowingdemandfrom [B]theincreasingpressureof[C]theprospectofworkinginbig [D]theattractionoffinancialWhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanHighertuitionfeesforundergraduate [B]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanother[C]Admissionsapprovalfromthebar [D]ReceivingtrainingbyprofessionalHindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginates [B]lawyers’ s’strong[C]therigidbodieserningthe [D]thesternexamforwould-beTheguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecause preventslawyersfromgainingdue [B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firm[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthe [D]bansoutsiders’involvementintheInthistext,theauthormainly flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditsthefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinaprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstotheroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegalTheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrative forresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthe ephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinWhat’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenew areanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycominaboutthenew ,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseen asymboloftheentrepreneurs’ [B]apossiblerecementoftheNobel[C]ahandsomerewardfor [D]anexampleofbankers’Thecriticsthinkthatthe willmost theprofit-oriented [B]thefoundersofthe[C]theachievement-based [D]peer-review-ledThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhich thejointeffortofmodern [B]controversiesovertherecipients’[C]thedemonstrationofresearch [D]legitimateconcernsoverthenewHistoryhasnevercastdoubton [B]Theyarethemostrepresentative[C]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenin [D]TheirendurancehasdonejusticetoTheauthorbelievesthatthe harmfultothecultureof [B]acceptabledespitethe[C]subjecttoundesirable [D]unworthyofpublic“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativeernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfulllicy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericanernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigital.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Unfortunay,despite2½yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenrecedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasmarketsorself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,inlectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate. [B] [C] [D]InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhow safeguardindividuals’rightsto [B]define ernment’srolein[C]retainpeople’sinterestinliberal [D]keepaleadingpositioninliberalAccordingtoParagraph3,thereport anexclusivestudyofAmerican [B]agreateremphasisontheoretical[C]theapplicationofemerging[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignTheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessors supportive [B]biasedagainstclassicalliberal[C]cautiousabout lectual [D]conservativeaboutpublicWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheIlliberalEducationand“TheHeartofthe [B]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberal[C]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartofthe [D]Progressivevs.Liberal Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRenemillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymaptheentirecityofTeotihuacaninthevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealso eimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airborne,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairnesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTuhamenexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinnningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesame atdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasathinking ,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.Thiscourageousattitudeinfact esarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforeBeethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewofdom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocateddomofthoughtandof alexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.SectionIIIWritingPartAWritealetterofabout100wordstotheofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalYoushouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1）describethedrawingbriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20SectionIUseofthat【解析】本句句义为“我们会突然想不起来放”。划线处及之后的“weputthekeyjustamomentago”作remember的宾语从句。根据put的用法“putsomethinginsomece”(把某物放在某处)可知，空格处where表示地点状语，因此正确答案是D。whywhen分别引导原因put的地点状语，所以排除选项A和B。that放在动词remember之后引导宾语从句，此时的that没有任何实际意义可以省略，而且that并不能充当put的地点状语，所以排除选项C。improves【解析】本句句义为“随着大脑，我们把这些称之为‘老不中用的瞬间’”。首先，这句话中的“these这些情况都是不好的事情，因此空格部分要填的词要带有的意思，因此可以首次排除选项A和D。比较选OnceIf思。其它三个选项放在空格中会导致意义不通。所以正确答案为A。While经常用来表示句子前后意义的对比。而unless,once,if用来表示条件。以看出只有选项Cdamaging符合句意，而其它三个选项均不符合句意，所以正确答案是C。environmentwellbeing 由此可知，注意力不集中会带来破坏性影响。此外，空格处所填词汇要同时能被professional,social和 三词修饰只有wellbeing符合句意因此正确答案为C选项AB和D只能被professional,social和 alturnsoutfindsoutpoints(out)(【解析】第二段第一句提到神经科学家们越来越显示人们可以做很多事。第二句提到“我们的大脑像肌的结论。此外，根据动词搭配、用法可知，“Itturnsoutthat+句子”是常见的固定结构，表示“结果是，原来是，证明是”，详细阐述研究的具体结果。其他的选项都可以和outB和D的主语多为人而不that引导的从句。意思是并列的，后一句的意思是“而且适当的大脑可以显著提高我们基本的认知……”，所以这里的“therightmental”指的就是前面的“thebrainneedsexerciseworkouts符合句意，因此选项C为正确答案。 通过脑力锻炼，提高老年人的力，由此可知，脑力锻炼能够提高认知的功能，选项D符合句意，为正确答案。选项ABC均不符合上下文语意。genre多指的是文学或艺术作品的题材或类型，如果和cognitive搭配，则意义不通。作者在后面开始讨论thinking即思考在大脑中的地位，所以这里指的是大脑基本的认知功能，而不是认知标准或认知环境，可排除选项BC。channel，频 而且被ofmakingconnections修饰。其次，文中下一句是对这种makingconnections的阐释和分析，因此只有process(过程)符合句意故B为正确答案选项Achannel侧重于指某种原文并没有提及选项Csequence指的是次序，指一系列的东西按照序列进行排列，原文中并没有强调神经元连接的次序问题。选项Dcondition指的是条件、状况，文中没有思考是构建连接的条件或者状况。因此可排除ACD。persistbelieve 据ability的用法以及选项可知，空格处需要动词，构成不定式作后置定语修饰ability。其次，由于这种能力是符合句意，因此选项A为正确答案。其它三个选项都可与介词“in”搭配，但是选项Bfeature强调“以……为特写对象”，选项C表示“坚持做某事”，选项D表示“相信或某事”，均不符合句意，可排除。【解析】本句句意为“ 很显然前后两句构成了转折对比关系。因此选项A是正确答案。选项B引导递进关系，选项C经常引导的是可能的结果，而下文分析的不是假设性的结果，选项D引导因果关系，因此选项BCD均可排除。insteadofregardlessofapartfrom除了……之外（还有accordingtoeffortandpracticeeffort，而智力又依靠于构建连接。此外，和“锻炼”之间毫无关系，与文意不符，可排除。选项C表明“除了锻炼（还有其他）或者除了锻炼back可帮助提高脑力方面的能力。由此可知，本段是对上文的补充说明，是“alotcanbedone”的进一步发展，而TakeastepfurtherB为正确答案。Takeastepback向后退一步，takeastepaside让……到一边去，takeasteparound没有此搭配，因此选项ACD都可排除。sharpnessA和B从意义上都说不通，选项Dmental放到一起，意思是处事和思考问题的灵活性，而不是指正常生理状态的脑力，它无法和脑力的生理衰老形成对比。因此，正确答案是Cs 带有意思，所以选项A和C都要排除。选项B意为“提醒”，但这项程序的功能在于帮助人们训练大脑，而不是提醒人们做某事，故排除选项B。正确答案只有选项D。order提供详细反馈。Keeptrackofsomethingkeeporderof意为保持秩序，keephold意为抓AC和原句意思不符，keeppacewithofB。toforwithimprovement和feedback之间的关系。和feedback常和on或者from搭配，表示对performanceandimprovement的反馈，而不是表方向的to或表目的的for，更不是表关系的with。因此，正确答案是B。指“动作或人的习惯性或者积习难改”；选项CD侧重指“与众不同”，可排除选项B、C和D)【解析】本句句义为“最重要的是，它不断调整和优化你参与的游戏，以 作者强调锻炼过程的系统性，连续性，而on本身就可含有“连续”之意。而且训练之后能够提高智力，因此buildon(增加，增添)最符合句意，故为正确答案。其他三个选项都不能表示“不断增加”之意，故排除。riskyidleeffective最符合句意，故DA和C含有消极含义，不符合句意。选项B不能明确表达积极刚才放的位置，一个老熟人的名字或者是曾钟爱的乐队的名字。随着大脑的逐渐衰老，我们把这些称这套基于网络的程序使你系统地提高增强力和注意力的技巧。该程序你的进度，给出你的表现和SectionIIReadingPartAText 【解析】此题考查英国财政大臣•奥斯本提出新方案的目的，根据题干人名定位到文章第一段，原文提到“OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly”，即他们应该每周报告一次，文章只提及了报告的时间频率，并未涉及是C“鼓励求职者积极找工作”，同样对应原文“OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit”，说明只有积极找工作才能获得失业救 daysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon”，上下找对应关系，下一句出现“We’rengthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”我们之所以工作。signon很明显与如何获得救助金有关，即对应选项A“登记获得提供的津贴”。【解析】根据题干thechancellor,prompted,develophisscheme,我们返回原文迅速定位到文章第二段末句“Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fu