2015职称英语考前冲刺第10讲

词法 段首/(AisBAisdefined/viewed/consideredasAiscalledBAmeansB)段首/转折句(buthoweverneverthelessin段首/尾观点句(forexample/instance所在句子的前一句;含有以下词语的句子believe,think,claim,argue,guesssaysuggestshowpointout,find,discover,hadbetter)概括句(tosumupallinallinawordinshortin➋包含典型段落 词的选项可能是答案(definition,aspect,advantage/strength/better,disadvantage/weakness,problem/issue, disagreement/dispute/doubt/challenge,cause/reason/factor,similarity,solution/way/method,important/importance/significance,need/necessary/necessity,effect/influence/affect)PayingtogetAsolutionwhichisnoChangingworkClosingcitycentersto ngAglobalPayingtogetAsolutionwhichisnosolutionChangingworkClosingcitycenterstotraffic ngParagraph

...solution/way/method,important/importance/significance, Trafficcongestion(拥堵)affectspeoplethroughouttheworld.Trafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesboththedevelopedanddeveloworld.IntheU.S.,commuters(通勤人员)spendanaverageofafullworkingweekeachyearsittingintrafficjams,accordingtotheTexasTransportationInstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailable,mostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconvenience,comfortandprivacy. √A.PayingtogetAsolutionwhichisnosolutionChangingworkClosingcitycenterstotraffic ngParagraphThemostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricing,wherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatacertaintimesofday.Intheory,ifthetollishighenough,somedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork:Singapore,LondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentersthankstocongestionpricing. 句的结构(AiscalledB)识别段 B.Asolutionwhichisnosolution√C.ChangingworkD.ClosingcitycenterstotrafficE. ngParagraph3 Anotherwaytoreducerush-hourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflexitime,whichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Employerscanalsoallowmorestafftomute(workfromhome)assotokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.包含典型段 词的选项可能是答案(…solution/way/method…答题思路： 型段 √B.AsolutionwhichisnosolutionD.ClosingcitycenterstotrafficE. ngParagraphSomeurban nnersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetrafficcongestionistobuildmoreroads,especiallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonlymodatemoreofthem. 转折句(but,however,infact, HowareblackholesWhatareblackholesmadeHowwereblackholesWhataredifferenttypesofblackIsthereproofthatblackholesreallyWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackParagraph1 Paragraph2 Paragraph3 Paragraph4 a

Blackholescomefromstarsthatmadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.WhentheseexplodeitcanScientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的),hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.

intoaslar-mass(恒星质量)blackwhichcanonlyoccurifthestarisenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,neverbreak.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.possibleforalargestarnearthesuntoeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayince.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate

Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’s numerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearly escope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudy understandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillions years,andlatercontribute toabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.ScientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninggalaxiesbegantoParagraph1 Paragraph2 Paragraph3 Paragraph4

HowareblackholesWhatareblackholesmadeHowwereblackholesWhataredifferenttypesofblack Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?HowareblackholesWhatareblackholesmadeHowwereblackholesWhataredifferenttypesofblackIsthereproofthatblackholesreallyWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablack 词的选项可能是答案(definition,aspect,advantage/strength/better,disadvantage/weakness,problem/issue, disagreement/dispute/doubt/challenge,cause/reason/factor,similarity,solution/way/method,important/importance/significance,need/necessary/necessity,effect/influence/affect)提示：当概括大意题的选项都是句子时,需要留意选项句子使用的时态是否一致(都是过去时态?现在时态或将来时态?),如果被选项句子使用时态不一致,则时态可以帮助快速识别干扰项,甚至直接判断出答案选项:作为段落 √A.HowareblackholesWhatareblackholesmadeHowwereblackholesWhataredifferenttypesofblackIsthereproofthatblackholesreallyWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablack23.Paragraph1 Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.解析：段落第一句使用了典型的段落句的结构(AbedescribedasB),由此判断该段很可能是对A(blackholes)进行定义/解释的段落,但选项中没有对应的选项(WhatisA?/DefinitionofA),因此关注段落中的观点句/细节句。体现观点句的典型词语：believe,think,guess,say,claim,suggest,show,pointout,find,discoverhadbetter)往往就是该段句或直接揭示该段(2013年理工A/B级BlackParagraph Howareblackholes√B.WhatareblackholesmadeWhataredifferenttypesofblackIsthereproofthatblackholesreallyWhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackBlackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoas lar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,theEarthwouldeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch.(2013年理工A/B级BlackParagraph HowareblackholesWhataredifferenttypesofblackIsthereproofthatblackholesreally√F.WhathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackObjectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,neverto .Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntoeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostay ceOrbits(轨道donotbecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.(2013年理工A/B级BlackC.HowwereblackholesD.Whataredifferenttypesofblack√E.Isthereproo