2022年江苏省常州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022年江苏省常州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Fullerwon______in1954forhisachievementinthe42-footcardboardshelter.

2.

TheaimofKentucky'sBereaCollegeaboutgreencampusistoreduceitsenergyconsumption45percentbelow2000levelsby______.

3.

AccordingtoNadine'scalculation,shecanpayoffallherdebtwhensheis______ifshecangetasalaryof＄120,000ayearfightoutoflawschool.

4.

Amongthecollegestudents"smartenough"tograduate,onlyfewcouldsucceedin______.

5.

AccordingtoIsaac-Mohr,increasedselectivitymeansbetterstudentsaregoingtoallcolleges.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

TheUnitedStateswasemployingtheforeignscientiststodomeaninglessworktooccupytheirtime.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

RachelCarson'swritingsareboth______and______.

8.IntheUnitedStates,cabletelevisionhadcometonearlyfiftypercentofthehomesby______.

A.1948B.1940sC.1970sD.1990s

9.ElectronicRadiationPutsYourHealthatRisk

Electricpowersystemsworkataround50Hzjustabovethenaturallyoccurringfrequencyof30HzgeneratedbytheEarth.Ourbodiesaretunedintothislowfrequencysoanyfrequencyclosetothisisgoingtointerferewithus,suchasthe50HzACmainspowersystemusedintheUK.ELF(ExtremelyLowFrequency)electromagneticfieldsvibratingfrom0.5to100Hz,eveniftheyareweakerthantheEarth'sfield,interferewiththecuesthatkeepourbiologicalcyclesproperlytimed.

ThefrequenciesthatELFACsystemsuseareveryclosetothenaturalbrainrhythmsofman.Thepinealgland(松果体)istheprincipalstructureinthebrainthatisdirectlysensitivetotheearth'smagneticfield.Asaresultitfunctionsabnormallywhenexposedtoabnormalfieldsclosetoitsown.Becausethepinealglandproducesahostofpsychoactivechemicals,itsabnormalfunctioningcancauseneurologicalandbehavioralproblems.

StudiesandReports

ThebiologicalandmedicaldatacurrentlyavailableshowingthedangerofELFACmainspowerfrequencymagneticfieldsisasconclusiveasthedatarelatingtocigarettesmokingandlungcancer.

TheEuropeanParliamenthaspassedamotionforaresolutiononcombatingtheharmfuleffectsofelectromagneticfields.SinceSeptember1992Swedenhasofficiallyactedonthebasisthatthereisaconnectionbetweenexposuretopowerfrequencymagneticfieldsandtheincidenceofcancer,childhoodcancerinparticular.

In1990theUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencystated"Inconclusion,afteranexaminationoftheavailabledataoverthepast15years,thereisevidenceofapositiveassociationofexposuretomagneticfieldswithcertainsite-specificcancer,namelyleukaemia,cancerofthecentralnervoussystem,andtoalesserextent,lymphomas(淋巴瘤).Thisissupportedbymanystudiesofchildrenandadultsacrossmanydifferentpopulationsandsubgroups."

WhatCantheBiologicalEffectsBe?

Anelectromagneticfieldaffectsgrowingcells,andactsasacancerpromoter.Cancercellscanincreasetheirrateofgrowthsignificantlyanddevelopmoremalignantcharacteristics.Italsoaffectslearningabilityandbehavioralandpsychologicalmechanismsincreasingtheincidenceofdepressionandsuicide.Chronicexposuremayleadtoanincreaseintheincidenceofbraintumors.Yourbrain'sEEG(脑电图)rhythmschangewhenalightswitchisoperatednearby.Astressresponseoccurswhich,ifprolonged,canleadtoanimmune-systemdeficiency,resultinginanincreasedincidenceofinfectiousdiseasesandcancers.Becauseoftheeffectsongrowingcells,youngchildrenandbabiesareespeciallyatrisk.Studieshaveshownthatrisksofchildren'scancercouldincrease.

WhatAretheRisks?

Electricityispartofourdailylife.Weareconstantlyusingelectricalappliancesathomeandatwork,suchascomputers,photocopiers,clockradioalarms,electricblankets,microwaveovens—allwiththenecessaryACmainstransformersandwiring.AlloftheseproduceELFelectromagneticfields.Themorepowertheapplianceconsumesthestrongerthefielditcreates.

Ifyouspendlongperiodsoftimeclosetoawiringcircuitorappliancewithastrongfieldsuchasacomputerscreen,televisionscreen,heater,clockradioorelectricblanket,youmaybeatrisk.Youmayalsobeatriskifyouliveclosetohighvoltagepowerlines(aboveorbelowground)andtheirdistributiontransformers.Theprobablesafelevelforconstantexposurenowbeingdiscussedis1milligause(lessforchildren).Itwouldseemappropriatetoexercise"prudentavoidance"andlimittheexposuretoyou,yourfamilyandworkcolleagueswhereverpossible.

TheAppliancesThatMakeYourBrainBlowaFuse

Brainperformancecanbeimpairedbyaslitt

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

WithincreasingpopularityofdigitalTVandset-topboxes,thedebateonpublicfundingfortheBBCis______.

11.

Mostparentsadmithavingastrongpreferenceovertheolderchildbecausetheytendtobesadder.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Formanypeople,thebiggestchallengeintheworkplacewouldbeinteractingefficientlywithothers.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.ExteriorPainting

GettingStarted

Paintingtheexteriorofyourhouseisahugejob.Buttherewardsaregreattoo.Withaminimuminvestmentintoolsandmaterials,you'llsavethousandsofdollars,extendthelifeofyoursidingandincreasethevalueofyourhome.Bestofall,you'llmakeitlooklikenewagain.Whileyoumayspendlessthan$1,000onpaintingtoolsandmaterials,thesamejobdonebyapro(专业人员)couldeasilycost$5,000to$10,000ormore.Thesavingscomeatacost,though.Agoodpaintjobrequirescountlesshoursofcarefulpreparation.Plantodevoteanentiresummertoprepareandpaintevenamedium-sizehouse.

Completingatop-qualityexteriorpaintjobrequiresmorethanpatienceandperseverance.You'llneedasharpeye,asteadyhandandabitofpracticetopaintstraightlines.Inaddition,you'llneedthestrengthtomoveandsetuptallladders,andtheconfidencetoworkfromthemoncethey'reinplace.

Applyingtopcoats(thefinalcoatsofpaint)doesn'trequiremuchequipmentbeyondwhatyou'vealreadyaccumulatedforscrapingandpriming.Werecommendbuyingatleasttwotop-qualitysynthetic-bristlebrushesforapplyingthelatexpaint(乳胶漆):onebrush($15to$20)forlargeareasandabrush($9to$12)fordetailwork.

Forapplyingpainttolargeareasofshingles(屋顶板),stucco(涂饰墙壁的灰泥)orbrick,buyaroller(滚筒).

PaintStoresCanHelpWithColorsandQuantities

Choosingexteriorpaintcolorsthatcomplement(与……相配)thearchitecturaldetailsofyourhouseandfitthecharacterofyourneighborhoodisthefirststeptoagreatpaintjob.Checkoutbookstoresandlibrariesforbooksonthesubject.You'llfindbrochures(小册子)atthepaintstorewithcollectionsofhistoriccolors.Manypaintstoreshavedesignerswhocanhelpyouchoosecolors,oryoucouldhireadesignerorarchitect.

Buyaquart(夸脱)ofeachcoloryou'vechosenandpainttheentirecolorschemeonasmallareaofyourhousebeforecommittingtogallons(大量使用).

Ifyoudon'tliketheresults,changethecolorsandtryagain.

Nexttakeroughmeasurementsofyourhouse,notingthetypeofsurface.Countthedoorsandwindows.Withthisinformation,paintstoreemployeescanhelpyoucalculatetheamountofpaintyou'llneed.

Buythebestpaintyoucanafford.Good-qualitypaintiseasiertoapply,coversbetterandlastslonger.Werecommendbuyingpaintwithaslightsheen,eithersatinoreggshell.It'smorefaderesistant(不易退色)andeasiertocleanthanflatpaint.

ChecktheWeather

Avoidpaintingindirectsunlight.Theheatdriesthepainttoofast,makingitnearlyimpossibletoavoidblistering(起泡)andpeeling(剥落).

Avoidpaintingonverywindydays.Thewindcausesthepainttodrytoofastandcanblowdirtintowetpaint.

Don'tapplylatexpaintwhenthetemperatureisbelow50degrees℉unlessit'sformulatedforcold-weatherapplication.Readthelabeltobesure.

Don'tpaintwhenthere'sachanceofrain.

PlanaStrategyfortheMostEfficiency

Ingeneral,workfromthetopdown.Paintlargeareasfirstanddetailslast.Wheretwocolorsmeet,allowtimeforthefirstcolortodrybeforereturningtoapplythesecondcolor.Forexample,paintthewindowsash(themovablepart)earlyinthedayandreturntopainttheframe.aroundthesash.

AvoidTheseCommonProblems

Brushmarksleftatthebeginningandendofabrushstrokeareacommonproblemthat'seasytoavoid.Starteverybrushstrokeinanunfinishedarea,atanedge,oragainstdoororwindowtrim.Thenbrushtowardthefinishedareaandsweepthebrushupandofftheworkinthesamemovement.Ifyoustopthebrushandthenliftitofforsetthebrushdownonafinishedareatostartthestroke,itwillleaveextrapain

A.YB.NC.NG

14.DavidVaughan'sgroupfoundthatmostoftheglaciersalongthePeninsulawereinretreat.

15.Whatisveryimportantinthelong-distancetrainingofdogs?

A.Tourgedogsrunfor2000to3000mileseveryday.

B.Totrainthedogsforatleastoneyear.

C.Totrainthedogstopullvehiclesondryland.

D.Togetthedogsaccustomedtorunninglongdistances.

16.

AccordingtoRobertFeldman,peoplenow______.

A.havetolearnhowtotelltruthfromlies

B.disregardtheliestoldbythegovernment

C.donotlieasoftenasbefore

D.aremorepronetoacceptlies

17.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toanalyzethecurrentsituationinthejobmarket.

B.Togivesuggestionstothoselaidoffinthecrisis.

C.Togivetipsonjoblandingintheeconomicdecline.

D.Toofferadviceonhowtoavoidbeinglaidoff.

18.Accordingtotheauthor,thebrandyouuseapparentlyrevealsyoursocialstatusandpersonalities.

19.

Whatareretireesbelowtheageof65suggestedtodowhentheirCOBRArunsout?

A.ToapplyforMedicalbenefits.

B.Tobuyanotherinsurancepolicy.

C.TorenewtheirCOBRA.

D.Toaskforhelpfromthegovernment.

20.

Inmostcases,whatwerequireacartodousesonlyasmallpercentageofits'horsepower.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Maryisworthyoftheprize.

B.Maryhasgrantedtheprize.

C.Maryfailsinthespeechcontest.

D.Themandoesn'tthinkMarydeservestheprize.

22.(25)

A.Shewouldbuysomesoftware.

B.ShewouldbuyaPorsche.

C.ShewouldbuyaHonda.

D.Shewouldfirethetopprogrammers.

23.(13)

A.Shelostafinger.

B.Someonehitherinthenose.

C.Shebecameasurgicalnurse.

D.Shehadanoperationonhernose.

24.听力原文：M:Hey,Karen.Looklikeyou'vegetsomesunthisweekend.

W:Yeah.Iguessso.Ispenttheweekendatthebeach.

M:Oh,that'sgreat.Wheredidyoustay?

W:Somefriendsofmyparentsliveoutthere,andtheyinvitedmethereforaslongasIwanttostay.

M:Oh,that'sgreat.Buthowcomeyoucamebacksosoon?IfIwereyou,Iwouldstaytherelonger.

W:Oh,Ihatedtodoit,butIhadto.I'vegotapapertoworkon.Ijustcouldn'tdoanyseriousstudyingatthebeach,youknow.

M:Idon'tblameyouthen.Sowhatdidyoudoatthere?Imeanbesideslyingoutinthesun,youmusthaveotherthingstoenjoyyourself.

W:Yeah.IjoggedupanddownthebeachandIplayedsomevolleyball.YouknowIneverrealizedhowharditistorunonsand.Icouldn'tgetthroughawholegamebeforeIhadtositdown.It'smucheasiertorunonwetsandnearthewater.

M:Ithinkso.Didyougoswimming?

W:Iwantedto.Buttheysaidthewaterisn'twarmenoughforthatuntilacoupleofmonthsfromnow.SoIjustwadedinuptomyknees.

M:Itallsoundssorelaxing.IwishIcouldgetawaytothebeachlikethat.

W:Itlookslikeyoucoulduseit.Don'ttellmeyouspenttheweekendinthelibraryagain.

M:Seemsyouareright.I'vegotapaperduenextMonday.

(20)

A.Relaxingattheseashore.

B.Visitingherparents.

C.Sailingonaboat.

D.Preparingforarace.

25.(21)

A.Becausetheywanttosellcanteens.

B.Becausetheywanttoeducatethetouristsaboutparkconditions.

C.Becausethetouristsmaygetsickordiefromdehydration.

D.Becamethetouristsmaygetlost.

26.(24)

A.HeisfromGermany.

B.HeisfromEurope.

C.HeisfromBritain.

D.HeisfromAmerica.

27.(18)

A.Daveisintelligent.

B.Daveknowsalotaboutart.

C.Daveisverylogical.

D.DaveisthemanageroftheArtExhibit.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Yearsagobeforetherewererefrigerators,anicehousewasabuildingusedforstoringice.Thefirsticehouseswereinthecellarsoffarmhouses.Piecesofice,mixedwithsnowandmeadowgrass,werepiledinwinterandkeptuntilthefollowingsummer.Soonfarmersbegantobuildseparatehousesforstoringice.Theseicehouseshaddoublewallswithhaystuffedbetweentokeepoutanyheat.Blocksoficewereputinsidetheicehouseandpackedwithstraworsawdust.

Wheredidtheicefortheseicehousescomefrom?Workerstookitfromafrozenpondorriver.Theysawedtheiceintoevenblocks.Thentheypulledtheiceblocksfromthewaterwithhooksandcarriedthemtotheicehousesonsleds.

Specialtoolshelpedtheworkerscutandhandletheice.Iceaxeschoppedlargeholesintheice.Icesawscuttheiceintoevenblocks.Choppersloosenedtheseblocksfromoneanother.Icehooksfastenedthemselvesintothelargeblocks.Thentheycouldbecarriedoverthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.Tongswereusedtopickupthesmallerblocksofice.

Shipscarriediceallovertheworld.In1799thefirstboatloadintheUnitedStateswassentfromNewYorkCitytoicehousesinNewOrleans,Louisiana.AboatloadwassentfromBoston,Massachusetts,totheWestIndiestohelpfightyellowfeverin1805.IcemerchantsinBostonalsoshippedtonsoficefrompondsandriverstocitiesinEurope.

(27)

A.Separatehouseswerebuiltforstoringice.

B.Doublewallswerebuiltinicehousestokeepcool.

C.Blocksoficewerepackedwithhayinicehouses.

D.Icewasputintoicehousesinwinter.

29.

【B6】

30.(38)

31.听力原文：W:Areyousureyoudon'tmindgettingtheconcerttickets?Iwouldn'tbeabletopayyoubackuntilFridaywhenIgetpaid.

M:Noproblem.I'mgladIcanhelpandwe'llbeabletogotogether.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Hedoesn'tminditatall.

B.Hehasnoproblem.

C.Hedoesn'tneedmoney.

D.Theconcertticketsarefree.

32.听力原文：W:Whatdoyoudoforaliving,Frank?

M:Iamanaerospaceengineer.IhavebeenworkingforNASAforoverfifteenyears.

W:Wow.thatsoundsfascinating.Whatprojectshaveyoubeeninvolvedin?

M:WelluntilrecentlyIwasheavilyinvolvedintheCassinimission.Idon'tknowifyou'refamiliarwithitornot.It'soneofNASA'smostexpensiveandambitiousprojects.WearesendingaprobetoexploreSaturnanditsmoons.

W:Thatsoundsreallyinteresting.Areyouinanywayinvolvedintheconstructionoftheinternationalspacestation?

M:Actually,that'swhatI'mworkingonnow.I'mcurrentlyatechnicalliaisonbetweenNASAandseveralEuropeanspaceagencies.It'saninterestingjob.butitcanbeabittoomuchattimes.Theinternationalspacestationisprobablythelargestinternationalventureeverattempted,andIamconstantlydealingwithtechnicaldifficulties.budgetproblems,anddelays.It'snoteasycoordinatingtheeffortsofallthosecountries.IhavebeentoEuropethreetimesinthelastmonth,andIhavetogotoKazakhstannextweek.

W:AndIunderstandthere'ssomecontroversysurroundingthespacestation.Don'tsomepeopleworry.thatNASAisspendingtoomuchmoneyontheproject?.

M:Manyexpertshavecomplainedthattheprojecthasgrownoutofcontrolandbecomefartooexpensive.ButIlookatitasmorethanaspacestation:Ibelieveit'shelpingtofosterinternationalscientificcooperation.It'snicetoseethescientistsoftheworldworkingtogethertocreateastepping-stonetothefuture.

(20)

A.Itplanstosendaprobetoexplorethemoon.

B.It'sNASA'smostexpensiveprojectsofar.

C.It'sanambitiousproject.

D.It'sinvolvedintheconstructionoftheAmericanspacestation.

33.(26)

A.Itwasgonecompletely.

B.Itstayedwhereitwasbeforetheearthquake.

C.Itmovedtoanotherplaceandcollapsedtotally.

D.Itkeptstandingtherethoughmoved.

34.(44)

35.(36)

A.Physics.

B.Mathematics.

C.Environmentalscience.

D.Lifescience.

36.【B4】

37.(35)

A.Theychangecolorevery50minutes.

B.Theychangecolormorequickly.

C.Theychangecolormoreslowly.

D.Theychangecoloronthesameschedule.

38.听力原文：W:Whereshallwespendourholidaysthisyear,Tom?Goingawayorstayingathome?

M:We'redefinitelygoingabroad,dear.ButIdon'tthinkwe'llgoawayinMay.Idoubtifwe'llhaveenoughmoneysavedupbythen.

Q:Whycan'tthecouplegoabroadinMay?

(15)

A.Becausetheyhavesomefinancialproblems.

B.BecausetherewillbemuchraininMay.

C.Becausetheywon'thavefreetimeinMay.

D.Becausetheycan'thaveeverythinggotreadybythen.

39.听力原文：W:Twomillionhighschoolseniorsaregearingupthisfalltoapplytonearly3500UScolleges.Whicharethestrongestacademicallyandtoughesttoenter,andofcoursetopprivateschools.Well,theBest361Colleges.

M:(22)We'vereacheduptosomanystudents-110000--toputbest361collegesthisyear.

W:Sothisisasurveyofjustthestudentswiththeirfeedbackontheircampuses?

M:Exactly.Wewentdirectlytowhomweconsideredpowerexperts.

W:Tothesource,howdoesthisdifferfromUSNewsandWorldReportsRankings,andNewsweekalongwithKaplan'sRankings?

M:(23)It'saqualitativesurveyofthestudents'experiencebothacademically,aswellasoutsidetheclassroom.

W:Allright.Lookatthestrongestschoolsacademicallyfirst.UsuallyweexpectHarvard,Princeton,Yale.Oh,they'reupthereaswell,butthisyear,(24)ahitofsurpriseisReedCollegeinOregonscorehighest.Whyisit?

M:ReedCollegehasgotagreatregionalreputationandgrowingnationalreputation.Only1300students,butawonderfulliberalartsschool.Studentssaidtheirprofessorsweregreat,bothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.

W:Tinyschool!Abouttenstudentsperclass?

M:Yeah!Itaveragestentoone,studenttofacultyratio.

W:Allright!IvyLeaguesdidverywellinothercategoriesaswell:MITfirst,followedbyYale,Princeton,andHarvard,second,third,fourthrespectively.Ah,(25)theoverallhappieststudents,StanfordUniversity.

M:Stanfordisaterrificplacetogo.Certainlyasupercompetitiveschool,butithasabeautifulcampus,greatfood,greatdorms,greatlibrary,andgreatandhappystudents.Overallqualityoflife.

W:Allright!Nowspeakingofbeautifulcampuses,Pepperdinescoredtop!

M:It'sperfect.Rightonthebeach,alovelycampus,likeatraveldestination.

(23)

A.2000000.B.3500.C.110000.D.361.

40.【B10】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Inthehistoryofartspatronage(资助，赞助),entrepreneurs-turned-connoisseurs(艺术品鉴赏家，行家)areayoungdevelopment.Theworld'sgreatestmuseumstheLouvre,Hermitage,Pradobeganaslavishcivilization-is-powerstatementsbymonarchsandemperors;privateindividualsdidnotemergeassignificantmuseumpatronsbeforethe19thcentury.Untilagenerationago.thosewantingtoleavetheirmarkinbricksusuallydidsoinaroomoftheirowninastatemuseum:theDuveenGalleriesatTateBritain,theAbbyAldrichRockefellerGalleryatNewYork'sMuseumofModernArt.Butinthepast15years,thathaschanged:worldwide,collectorsseekimmortalityinglassandsteel,throughamuseumoftheirown,designedbyanarchitectoftheirchoosing.

Thesearenotlatter-dayHenryTatesorPavelTretyakovs,democraticvisionarieswhopaidforbuildingsanddonatedcorecollectionstokick-startevolvingnational,state-runinstitutions.Museumbuildersofthe1990sand2000s,bycontrast,areproductsoflatecapitalism,dedicatedtomorepersonalprojects,withanindividualisticflavor.TheyrepresentthelegacyofThatcher-Reaganwordsofchoice,privatephilanthropy(慈善机构),me-generationcelebrity.

Together,theseandscoresmorebringdiversityandflattenoldgeographicalhierarchies.InIstanbul,collectorSakipSabanci'smuseum,foundedin2002,isthefirstevertoshowwesternmodernisminTurkey.ThankstoDominiquedeMenil,thegreatestcollectionofpaintingsbyCyTwombly,wholivesinItaly,isonpermanentshowinHouston,Texas,inagallerydesignedin1995byRenzoPiano.In1996thelatecollectoranddealerHeinzBerggmenlaunchedhisMuseumBerggrueninBerlin,givingGermanyitsonlyPicassocollection.

Isallforthebestinthebestofallpossibleworlds?Certainly,moreprivatemuseumsmeanmoreartondisplayformorepeopletosee.Today'scollectorsarereluctanttobequeath(遗赠)toestablishedmuseums,wherespaceshortagesmeanworksmaygostraightintostoreroomsandstaythere.Bycontrast,adedicatedmuseummaintainstheintegrityofacollection,keepingtogetheroutstandinggroupsofworks,assembledwithpersonalflair,inbuildingsdesignedtoenhancethem.RenzoPiano'slight,see-through1997constructionforErnstBeyeler'scherry-pickedmodernistpaintingsinBaselistheshiningEuropeanexample.Forcontemporarywork,privatecollectorshaveparticularadvantages:freeofstatebureaucracy,theycanrespondquicklytothefastpace,andshowworkinwaysthataretooradicalfortraditionalmuseums.

HowdidtheLouvre,Hermitage,andPradomuseumsoriginateaccordingtothepassage?

A.Donationsoftherichestcollectors.

B.Patronageofprivateindividuals.

C.Collectionsofconnoisseurs.

D.Encouragementsandapprovalbyrulers.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

WhenGeorgeW.BushdeliveredhisStateoftheUnionAddressthispastJanuary,threewordsappearedthathadnotpreviouslybeenheardfromtheOvalOffice:Switchgrass,stalksandwoodchips.

Bush'ssignalsonrenewableenergyhavebeendecidedlymixed.ShortlybeforehevisitedtheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL)inColoradolastFebruary,a$5millionfundingshortfallforcedthelabtolayoff32workers.Bushblamedthelayoffs,andNRELgotitsfundingback.

Switchgrassisafast-growingperennialplantnativetothecentralandeasternU.S.andtolerantofmanydifferentsoiltypes.Tomakecellulosicethanol,switchgrass--oranycellulose-basedplant--isbrokendowntomakesugar,thenfermentedtomakethefuel.Supporterssaythatwhenblendedwithpetroleumproducts,ethanolfromswitchgrassresultsinanetenergygainof334percent,comparedtojust21percentforcorn-basedethanol.

Thecellulosicprocesshasbeeninventedandisbeingrefined,butithasn'tbeencommercialized,andthat'swhatispreventingitfromgoingintoourtankstoday,saysformerCIADirectorJamesWoolsey,amongswitchgrass'sbiggestsupporters.

Corn-basedethanolhasmadegreatstrides.AccordingtoTomSlunecka,executivedirectoroftheEthanolPromotionandInformationCouncil,theU.S.currentlyproducesfourbilliongallonsayear,orapproximatelythreetofourpercentofthefuelsupply."It'sgrowingrapidly,"hesays."By2012we'reprojecting7.5billiongallons,butIthinkwe'11farsurpassthat."Automakersgetfederaltaxcreditsforproducing"bi-fuel"carsandtrucksthatcannmonethanol,butuntilrecentlythelackofanethanolrefuelinginfrastructure(永久性设施)obstructedtheactualuseofthefuel.ButnowGeneralMotorsandothercarmakersarepromotingethaonolvehicleswithanewvigor.Evenwithoutbi-fueltechnology,allcarstodaycanburna10percentethanolblend

Sluneckasaysbiobasedethanolproductionisstillinitsinfancy:HecitesaCanadianplantcurrentyproducing100,000gallonsperyear."Itworks,it'snotsciencedowntheroad,"hesays."Privatecompaniesmtryingtocrackthecostbarrier.Butthefeedstockpotentialisenormous.Ican'twaituntilthesecellulosicplantsareboltedontothefrontsideoftraditionalethanolplants."

DavidBransby,aprofessorinAuburnUniversity'sAgronomyDepartment,saysweneedtotakeactionbecausewe'reinaninternationalcompetition."Europeisaheadofeverybodyintheuseofbiodiesel,andBrazil!isleadingtheworldintheproductionanduseofethanol.Wearebehind.IhopethatthePresident'saddressindicatesthatthereisgoingtobeachange,buthe'sfightingawarinIraqandtryingtorecoverfromtwo,hurricanes.Tobequitehonest,thesealternativefuelsarejustasimportantasthoseotherthings.It'sallpartonationalsecurityandneedstobetreatedwiththesamepriority."

Fromthepassageweknowswitchgrassis______.

A.abiochemicalproduct

B.akindofanimal

C.akindofgrassgrowingveryfast

D.akindofgrassgrowinginaspecificsoil

43.

Despitethepioneers'predictionsaboutAI,themostpowerfulcomputercouldonly______now.

44.

Toavoidviolationofotherinventor'sright,expertsadvisetoplagiarizeadeadpatentinsteadof______.

45.

WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.ItismorefavorablefortheNYMEXtodevelopinLondoninalongterm.

B.TheNYMEXoncehadfailingexperienceinhandlingBrentcontracts.

C.Mostoftheexchangesareonthewaytoadoptelectronicsystems.

D.TheIPEhascompletelyabolishedopen-outcrytradinginitspit.

46.Thevideogameposesaworld—amuchsimplerworldthanourown,wheresuccessisveryclearlydefinedand,foratime,clearlyattainable.Throughpractice,aplayercancontrolthisworldforawhile.Hecanescapefromtheanxietiesofreallifeintoaplacewherehisownactionsalwayscount,wherehe