2023届陕西省渭南市高三下学期教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题 【含答案解析】

第1页/共1页渭南市2023年高三教学质量检测(II)英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成，共12页。选择题包括第一、第二和第三部分第一节;非选择题为第三部分第二节和第四部分。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。2.考生领到试卷后，须按规定在试卷上填写姓名、准考证号，并在答题卡上填涂对应的信息点。3.所有答案必须在答题卡指定区域内作答。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C.1.Howdoesthegirlfeelaboutjoiningtheteam?A.Surprised.B.Proud.C.Worried.2.WhatdidJanetdowithoutJim?A.Shecreatedsomenewclubs.B.Shestartedtheschoolstore.C.Shechangedthemealplan.3.Howlongdidthewoman’spassporttaketoarrive?A.7days.B.2weeks.C.3weeks.4.Whatwouldthemangotothefestivalfor?A.Theforeigners.B.Thecostumes.C.Thefood.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Praisethecoaches.B.Thankthesupporters.C.Talkaboutthesportsplayers.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Wheredidthewomanhearaboutthenewclassrooms?A.Fromanofficial.B.Fromtheheadmaster.C.Fromamathteacher.7.Whenwilltheannouncementprobablybemade?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howdoesthegirlfeelaboutgivingspeeches?A.Lucky.B.Nervous.C.Afraid.9.Whydoesthegirlwanttospeakinfrontofthousandsofpeople?A.Togetmorecheers.B.Togethermessageout.C.Tobecomemorepopular.10.Whatwillthegirlprobablydointhefuture?A.Inspireothervoices.B.Becomeapolitician.C.Travelaroundtheworld.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredidthewomanfindtheadvertisement?A.Ontheboat.B.OntheInternet.C.Inthenewspaper.12.Whyisthewomanlookingtobuyaboat?A.Becauseofthestorm.B.Becauseofherbusiness.C.Becauseofanewhobby.13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers.B.Neighbors.C.Family.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatistheman’sfirstquestion?A.Howlongthesalewilllast.B.Wherethesaleisgoingtobe.C.Howmanyitemsareonthelist.15.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuy?A.Theuprightframe.B.Somecoloredpaint.C.Thepaintingbrushes.16.Whenwilltheproductbedelivered?A.Inoneweek.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inthreeweeks.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdidJonworkasfirst?A.Ahost.B.Apolitician.C.Acomedian.18.WhodoesJonprefertointerview?APeoplewhoareignored.B.Peoplewhomakelotsofmoney.C.Peoplewhohelpedhimgetfamous.19.WhendidJonstarthostingTheDailyShow?A.In2016.B.In2015.C.In1999.20.WhatisJonfightingforcurrently?A.Helpingheroesindebt.B.Preparingforbadevents.C.Collectingmoneyforthegovernment.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFourChineseLanguageLearningAppsDuChineseDuChineseisanAppthathelpstoimproveyourChinesereadingskills.Youcanreadbyyourselforlistentoarecordingandreadalong.Thecharactersandpinyinlayout(布局)lookverycomfortable.YoucaneasilyturnthepinyinonandoffandswitchChinesecharactersbetweenSimplifiedandTraditional.ItsupportsEnglishtranslationsforsinglewordsandsentences.ThematerialsarelabeledfromHSK(汉语水平考试)level1-6＋.Itiseasytofindmaterialforyourlevel.ZizzleIfyouhavetroublememorizingChinesecharacters,thenZizzlewilldefinitelyhelpyou.ThisAppbreaksdowncharactersintotheircomponentparts.Then,theyuseimagesandashortstorytohelpyourememberthesecomponents.Mostofthestoriesarefunnyenoughtobememorable.Itpresentsaneffective,novel,andfunwaytolearnandmemorizeChinesecharacters.Ifyouareatotalbeginner,Icansafelysayyouwillknowhundredsofcharactersinfewdaysandbeabletoreadthemconfidently.Chineseclass101Chineseclass101hasanextensivecollectionoflisteningmaterialscoveringalllevels.EachlessonhasnotesthatincludethekeygrammarpointbrokendownclearlyalongwithChineseculturalinsights.ThelessondialoguewillhelpyouunderstandreallifeconversationsinChinaandwilldefinitelyhelpyouimproveyourlisteningskills.Italsooffersaninteractivevoicerecordertoolwhichletsyourecordyourpronunciationandcompareittothatofanativespeaker.HelloChineseHelloChineseisapowerfullearningtoolthatcanhelpyouovercomethefearoflearningChinese.ThisAppfocusesondailylifetopics.Itstartsfrombasicpinyin,sothatevenifyouareatotalbeginnerorhaveabsolutelynobackgroundinChinese,youcanstilllearnwithit.WhatisspecialisthatthisAppallowsyoutolistenandrecordyourownvoice,andtohelpyoucheckautomaticallyifyourpronunciationiscorrect.1.WhatdoweknowaboutDuChinese?A.Itsmaterialsaregradedbydifficulty. B.Itcanswitchbetweentwolanguages.C.Itsusersarebasicallyschoolstudents. D.Itisdesignedforlanguagetests.2.WhichofthefollowingAppsareespeciallysuggestedforbeginners?A.DuChineseandZizzle. B.Chineseclass101andZizzle.C.ZizzleandHelloChinese. D.DuChineseandHelloChinese.3.WhatdoChineseclass101andHelloChinesehaveincommon?A.Theyhelpimprovepronunciation. B.Theyaretargetedatadvancedlearners.C.Theyteachusefullisteningskills. D.Theyofferreadingmaterialsondailylife.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个汉语语言学习的应用程序。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题DuChinese下面第二段“ThematerialsarelabeledfromHSK(汉语水平考试)level1-6＋.Itiseasytofindmaterialforyourlevel.(教材按照HSK等级1-6+进行标注。很容易为你的等级找到材料。)”可知，DuChinese应用的材料是按难度分级的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Zizzle下面一段末句“Ifyouareatotalbeginner,Icansafelysayyouwillknowhundredsofcharactersinfewdaysandbeabletoreadthemconfidently.(如果你是一个完全的初学者，我可以肯定地说，你将在几天内认识数百个汉字，并能够自信地阅读它们。)”以及小标题HelloChinese下面一段第三句“Itstartsfrombasicpinyin,sothatevenifyouareatotalbeginnerorhaveabsolutelynobackgroundinChinese,youcanstilllearnwithit.(它从基本的拼音开始，所以即使你是一个完全的初学者或完全没有中文背景，你仍然可以用它来学习。)”可知，Zizzle和HelloChinese两个应用是针对初学者的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Chineseclass101下面一段末句“Italsooffersaninteractivevoicerecordertoolwhichletsyourecordyourpronunciationandcompareittothatofanativespeaker.(它还提供了一个交互式语音记录工具，可以让你记录自己的发音，并将其与母语人士的发音进行比较。)”以及小标题HelloChinese下面一段末句“WhatisspecialisthatthisAppallowsyoutolistenandrecordyourownvoice,andtohelpyoucheckautomaticallyifyourpronunciationiscorrect.(特别之处在于，这款应用可以让你听自己的声音并录音，并帮助你自动检查你的发音是否正确。)”可知，Chineseclass101和HelloChinese的共同之处在于它们有助于提高发音。故选A。BRockyLyonswasfiveyearsoldwhenhismother,Kelly,wasdrivingalongthecountryroadwithhim.Hewasasleeponthefrontseatoftheirtruck,withhisfeetrestingonherlap.Ashismomdrovecarefullydownthewindingcountryroad,sheturnedontoanarrowbridge.Thetruckhitarockandslidofftheroad.Sheattemptedtobringitbackupontotheroadbypressinghardonthegaspedal(踏板)andturningthesteeringwheeltotheleft.ButRocky'sfootgotcaughtbetweenherlegandthesteeringwheelandshelostcontrolofthetruck.Thetruckfellintoa20-footravine(峡谷).WhenithitthebottomRockywokeup.“Whathappened,Mom?”heasked.“Ourwheelsarepointingtowardthesky.”Kellywasseriouslywoundedandblindedbyblood.“I’llgetyouout,Mom,”announcedRocky,whohadsurprisinglyescapedinjury.HeclimbedoutfromunderKelly,slidthroughtheopenwindowandtriedtoyankhismotherout.Butshedidn’tmove.“Justletmesleep,”beggedKelly,whowasoutofconsciousness(意识).Rockyinsisted,“Mom,youcan’tgotosleep.”RockymanagedtopushKellyoutofthetruckandtoldherhe’dclimbuptotheroadandstopacartogethelp.Fearingthatnoonewouldbeabletoseeherlittleboyinthedark,Kellyrefusedtolethimgoalone.Insteadtheyslowlymoveduptotheroad.ThepainwassogreatthatKellywantedtogiveup,butRockywouldn’tlether.Rockykeptrepeatingtheinspirationalphrase,“Iknowyoucan.Iknowyoucan.”Whentheyfinallyreachedtheroad,Rockybrokeintotearsseeinghismother’stornfaceclearlyforthefirsttime.Wavinghisarmsandshouting,“Pleasestop!”theboystoppedatruck.Hismotherwassenttohospital.IttookeighthourstorebuildKelly’sface.Shelooksquitedifferenttoday-shehasafewscarsbuthasrecoveredfromherinjuries.Rocky’sheroicswerebignews.Everyonewassurprisedatthislittleboy’spower.“It’snotlikeIwantedittohappen,”theboyexplained.“Ijustdidwhatanyonewouldhavedone.”“Ifitweren’tforRocky,I’dhavedied,”saidhismother.4.WhatdoweknowaboutRockyandKelly?A.Theywerelostonacountryroad.B.Theywereinvolvedinatruckaccident.C.Theyhadlimitedtimetofindtheirway.D.Theyknewlittleofwhathappenedtothem.5.WhathadhappenedwhenRockywokeup?A.Thetruckhadturnedover.B.Hecouldn’tfindhismother.C.Hehadbeenstuckinthetruck.D.Hismotherhadpassedout.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“yank”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Pull. B.Drive.C.Follow. D.Carry.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRocky?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.CooperativeandgenerousD.Adventurousandenergetic.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇继续文。讲述了5岁的Rocky和妈妈Kelly发生了车祸，妈妈受伤严重，勇敢的Rocky救了妈妈的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据首段第四句“Thetruckhitarockandslidofftheroad.(卡车撞上了一块石头，滑出了公路。)”以及第二段首句“Thetruckfellintoa20-footravine(峡谷).(卡车掉进了一个20英尺高的峡谷。)”可知，Rocky和Kelly发生了车祸。故选B。

【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段末句““Ourwheelsarepointingtowardthesky.”(“我们的轮子指向天空。”)”可知，卡车翻了所以才轮子朝向天空。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句“HeclimbedoutfromunderKelly,slidthroughtheopenwindowandtriedtoyankhismotherout.Butshedidn’tmove.(他从凯利的身下爬出来，从开着的窗户爬出去，试图把他的母亲出来。但她没有动。)”可知，Rocky是想救妈妈出去，但是妈妈没动。故可推知，划线词为动词“拉”。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句““I’llgetyouout,Mom,”announcedRocky,whohadsurprisinglyescapedinjury.(“我来救你出去，妈妈。”洛奇说，他出人意料地没有受伤。)”以及倒数第三段首句“Rockykeptrepeatingtheinspirationalphrase,“Iknowyoucan.Iknowyoucan.”(洛奇不断重复那句鼓舞人心的话：“我知道你能做到。我知道你可以的。”)”可知，洛奇很勇敢，也很镇静。故选B。CBritishprogrammerJoshuaBrowderishelpingpeoplesavemuchmoneyonlegalfeeswithhislatestproject-theworld’sfirstrobotlawyer.The19-year-oldfirststartedtheprojectlastsummerasafreewebsitetohelppeopleappealunfairparkingtickets.Hecameupwiththeideaaftergettingaseriesofticketshimselfforunimportantreasons.Havingwastedhourswritingappealstothesetickets,herealizedthatmanypeoplehavenotimeorlegalknowledgetoappealSohedecidedtocreatearobotlawyer,whichhenamedDoNotPay.DoNotPaywasasuccess,andthetechgeniushasgoneastepfurtherwiththewebsite.converting(转变)itintoarobotlawyerequippedtohelpwithvariouslegalissues.“Therobotcanhandleparkingticketappealsanddelayedflights/trains.Itcanalsoanswersomegenerallegalquestionslike‘Ican’taffordmyticket.WhatdoIdo?’”saidBrowder.Tousetheservice,usersneedtogotothewebsiteDoNotPay.co.ukandsignupforfree.Oncesignedin,therobotwillasktheuserquestionsabouttheirsituation.Whenithascollectedenoughinformation,andifthepersonhaslegalgroundsforanappeal,therobotwillcreatealetterforthepersontouse.BrowdersaidhereceivedgoodadvicefromhisprofessorsatStanfordUniversity.“Initially,Ithoughtthebestwaytogoaboutitwastocreatemanyindividualrulesforittofollow,”heexplained.“However,Iquicklyfailedwiththisapproachbecausetherearethousandsofwaystosaythesamethinganditwouldbeimpossibletocatcheveryone.ThebreakthroughcamewhenIlearnedhowtocreateawayfortherobottolearnandcomparephrasesitself,sothatitdoesn’tmatterhowtheuserphraseshisorherrequests.”Soheprogrammedtherobottousetextcomparisonthatincludeskeywords,wordorderandpronouns.Andthemorepeopleusetherobot,thebetterthealgorithm(演算法)gets.Buthere’resituationswheretherobotcan’thelp.”Iftherobotcan’tanswer,itprovideshelpfulmassageofferingtheusersomesamplephrasesorthechoiceofcontactingmedirectly,”Browdersaid.“Onthebackend,whenevertherobotcan’tanswer,Igetnoticedandworkasquicklyaspossibletoaddfunctionsforanyfuturerequestsofasimilarnature.”“Ithinkitdoesareasonablejobofreplacingparkinglawyers,”BrowdertoldTechInsider.“Iknowtherearethousandsofprogrammerswithmoreexperiencethanmeworkingonsimilarissues.Ifitisonedaypossibleforanycitizentogetthesamestandardoflegalrepresentationasabillionaire,howcanthatnotbeagoodthing?”8.WhatmadeJoshuaBrowderdecidetodeveloptherobotlawyer?A.Hisinterestinlawandrobot.B.Beingoftenfinedforseriousreasons.C.Realizingpeople’sneedtowriteappeals.D.Awasteofmuchmoneyinappealing.9.Whatcantherobotlawyerdoatpresent?A.Dealwithsomecommonlegalissues.B.Createacomputerprogramtoserveitsusers.C.Recommendsomeusefullegalwebsitestousers.D.Teachtheuserstowritealetterofappeal.10.WhatdidBrowder’sprofessorsadvisehimtodoabouthisrobot?A.Storeenoughlegalknowledgeinit.B.Teachittocommunicatewithitsusers.C.Createenoughindividualrulesforittofollow.D.Enableittolearnandcomparephrasesonitsown.11.WhatisBrowder’sattitudetotheworld’sfirstrobotlawyer?A.Unclear. B.Cautious.C.Proud. D.Negative.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文说明文。针对很多人既没有时间也没有法律知识来维护自己权益的情况，他创造一个名为“DoNotPay”的机器人律师，可以处理一些常见的法律问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据首段末句“Havingwastedhourswritingappealstothesetickets,herealizedthatmanypeoplehavenotimeorlegalknowledgetoappealSohedecidedtocreatearobotlawyer,whichhenamedDoNotPay.(在浪费了几个小时为这些罚单写上诉书之后，他意识到很多人既没有时间也没有法律知识来上诉，所以他决定创造一个机器人律师，他把它命名为“DoNotPay”。)”可知，很多人需要写上诉书，但是既没有时间也没有法律知识来上诉，所以约书亚·布劳德决定开发机器人律师。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句““Therobotcanhandleparkingticketappealsanddelayedflights/trains.Itcanalsoanswersomegenerallegalquestionslike‘Ican’taffordmyticket.WhatdoIdo?’”saidBrowder.(“该机器人可以处理停车罚单申诉和航班/火车延误。它还可以回答一些一般的法律问题，比如‘我付不起罚单。我该怎么办?’”布劳德说。)”可知，机器人律师可以处理一些常见的法律问题。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段首句“BrowdersaidhereceivedgoodadvicefromhisprofessorsatStanfordUniversity.(布劳德说，他从斯坦福大学的教授那里得到了很好的建议。)”以及末句“ThebreakthroughcamewhenIlearnedhowtocreateawayfortherobottolearnandcomparephrasesitself,sothatitdoesn’tmatterhowtheuserphraseshisorherrequests.(当我学会如何创造一种方法让机器人自己学习和比较短语时，突破就出现了，这样用户如何表达他或她的请求就没有关系了。)”可知，布劳德的教授建议他让机器人自己学习和比较短语。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据末段末句“Ifitisonedaypossibleforanycitizentogetthesamestandardoflegalrepresentationasabillionaire,howcanthatnotbeagoodthing?(如果有一天，任何一个公民都有可能获得与亿万富翁同样标准的法律代理，这怎么可能不是一件好事呢？)”可知，布劳德希望有一天任何一个公民都有与亿万富翁同样标准的法律代理，认为自己做的事情帮助实现了这一目标。故可推知，他对世界上第一个机器人律师是很骄傲的。故选C。DWhenyougotothedesertwithDavidStrayer,acognitivepsychologist,don’tbesurprisedifhestickselectrodestoyourhead.OnthethirddayofacampingtripinUtah,Strayerexplainsthe“three-dayeffect”to22psychologystudents.Ourbrains,hesays,aren’ttirelessmachines;theyareeasilytiredbyourfast-paced,increasinglydigitallives.Butwhenweslowdown,stopthebusywork,andseekoutnaturalsurroundings,wenotonlyfeelrefreshedbutalsoimproveourmentalperformance.Strayerhasdemonstratedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoscored50percenthigheroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.Strayer’shypothesisisthatbeinginnatureallowstheprefrontalcortex,thebrain’scommandcenter,torestandrecover,likeanoverusedmuscle.Strayerhashisstudentsputmyheadintoasortofbathingcapwith12electrodesinit.Wiresfromthemwillsendmybrain’selectricalsignalstoarecorderforanalysis.ThenIwalkcarefullytoagrassybankalongtheSanJuanRiver,whereI’msupposedtothinkofnothinginparticular,justwatchthewidewaterflowby.Ihaven’tlookedatacomputerorcellphoneindays,andit’seasytoforgetforafewmomentsthatIeverhadthem.AfewmonthsafterourUtahtrip,Strayer’steamsendsmetheresultsofmytest,whichshowsmybrainwavesatarangeoffrequenciesandconfirmsthatthegentlebeautyoftheSanJuanRiversucceededinquietingmyprefrontalcortex.Sofartheotherresearchsubjects’resultsalsoconfirmStrayer’shypothesis.Butnostudycanofferafullexplanationofthebrain-on-natureexperience;somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,Strayersays,andperhapsthat’sasitshouldbe.“Attheendoftheday,”hesays,“wecomeoutinnaturenotbecausesciencesaysitdoessomethingtousbutbecauseofhowitmakesusfeel.”12.WhydoStrayerandhisstudentsgotothedesert?A.Torelaxthemselves. B.Toconductastudy.C.Tolearnaboutthedesert. D.Toexperiencelifewithoutdigitalproducts.13.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.FindingsofStrayer’sresearch. B.ReasonforStrayer’sresearch.C.MethodforStrayer’sresearch. D.PurposeofStrayer’sresearch.14.WhatdoweknowaboutStrayer’shypothesis?A.Thereisnoconvincingevidenceforit. B.Noresearchersshowinterestinit.C.Ithasprovedfalse. D.Afullexplanationisneededforit.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EnjoyYourselfinNature. B.MyUniqueExperienceintheDesert.C.HowDoesNatureInspireCreativity. D.IsNatureYourBrain’sPowerfulMedicine.【答案】12B13.C14.D15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了认知心理学家DavidStrayer通过和22名学生的研究，发现大自然可以提高我们的效率。介绍了研究开展的过程以及他的一些假设。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Strayerhasdemonstratedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoscored50percenthigheroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.(Strayer已经用一组参与者证明了这一点，经过三天的野外背包旅行，他们在创造性解决问题的任务上得分高出50%)”可知，Strayer和他的学生去沙漠是为了进行研究。故选B。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Strayer’shypothesisisthatbeinginnatureallowstheprefrontalcortex,thebrain’scommandcenter,torestandrecover,likeanoverusedmuscle.Strayerhashisstudentsputmyheadintoasortofbathingcapwith12electrodesinit.Wiresfromthemwillsendmybrain’selectricalsignalstoarecorderforanalysis.ThenIwalkcarefullytoagrassybankalongtheSanJuanRiver,whereI’msupposedtothinkofnothinginparticular,justwatchthewidewaterflowby.Ihaven’tlookedatacomputerorcellphoneindays,andit’seasytoforgetforafewmomentsthatIeverhadthem.(Strayer的假设是，在大自然中，大脑的指挥中心前额叶皮层可以休息和恢复，就像过度使用的肌肉一样。Strayer让他的学生把我的头放进一种有12个电极的浴帽里。它们的导线会把我大脑的电信号传送到记录器上进行分析。然后，我小心翼翼地走到圣胡安河的一个长满草的岸边，在那里我不应该想什么特别的事情，只是看着宽阔的河水流过。我已经好几天没看电脑或手机了，很容易忘记我曾经拥有过它们)”可知，第三段的主要内容是Strayer的研究方法。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butnostudycanofferafullexplanationofthebrain-on-natureexperience;somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,Strayersays,andperhapsthat’sasitshouldbe.(但是，没有一项研究能够全面解释大脑与自然的关系；Strayer说，一些神秘的东西将永远存在，也许这是应该的)”可知，Strayer的假设需要一个完整的解释。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ourbrains,hesays,aren’ttirelessmachines;theyareeasilytiredbyourfast-paced,increasinglydigitallives.Butwhenweslowdown,stopthebusywork,andseekoutnaturalsurroundings,wenotonlyfeelrefreshedbutalsoimproveourmentalperformance.(他说，我们的大脑不是不知疲倦的机器；他们很容易对我们快节奏、日益数字化的生活感到厌倦。但是当我们慢下来，停止忙碌的工作，寻找自然的环境，我们不仅感到神清气爽，而且还提高了我们的精神表现)”结合文章主要说明了认知心理学家DavidStrayer通过和22名学生的研究，发现大自然可以提高我们的效率。介绍了研究开展的过程以及他的一些假设。可知，D选项“自然是大脑的良药吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimesyoujustwanttogetaway.YourolderbrotherandhisfriendsareconstantlyampedinfrontoftheTV,yourbabysisterwon’tstayoutofyourroom,andyouwantsometimeforyourself.Butwhenyougetit-maybeatafriend’shouseforanall-weekendDVDmarathonoronspringbreakatDisneyWorld-you’resurprisedtofindyourselfmissingthechaosathomeabit.What’sthatallabout?____16____Whenyou’rehomesick,youmightfeelnostalgic(怀念的)forfamiliarthingslikeyourfamily,friends,pets,house,orneighborhood.Homesicknessisn’tonlyforkids.____17____Teensmightgethomesickwhentheyleavehomeforthefirstextendedperiodoftime,likeduringavacationwithafriend’sfamily.Familiarsurroundings,people,androutinesprovidepeoplewithasenseofsecurityandcomfort.____18____Thosehomesickfeelingsarecompletelynormal.____19____Othersmayfeelphysicalsymptoms,likestomachacheorheadache,orevenbecometrulydepressed.Mostofthetime,oncethenewsurroundingsandpeoplebecomemorefamiliar,feelingsofhomesicknessgoaway.Ifyouhaveadditionalstressinyourlife-likeadivorceoradeathinthefamily-homesicknesscanbemoreintense.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.____20____Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.A.Practicallyeveryonefeelshomesickfromtimetotime,evenadults.B.Inanewplace,youmayfindyourselfmissingthecomfortsofhomeandlovedones.C.Believeitornot,you’refeelinghomesick.D.Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesickness,too.E.Luckily,homesicknessisusuallymildanddoesn’tlastlong.F.Somepeoplemayonlyfeelalittleloneliness,sadness,oranxiety.G.Andyoucandosomethingstomakesureitdoesn’tspoilyourfun.【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.F20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述的是当一个人到了一个陌生的地方时，几乎每一个人都会有思乡的感觉。当你思乡时，你就会想念家人，朋友，有些思乡的人会有一些身体上的变化，如头疼等。它意味着你有值得思念的家人和朋友，当你离开家的冒险结束后，你想回到一个地方。【16题详解】根据前一句“What’sthatallabout?（这是怎么回事?）”可知，空处是对前面提问的回答。结合下一段“Whenyou’rehomesick,youmightfeelnostalgic（怀念的）forfamiliarthingslikeyourfamily,friends,pets,house,orneighborhood.(当你想家的时候，你可能会怀念你熟悉的东西，比如你的家人、朋友、宠物、房子或邻居)”可知，此处强调的是思乡的具体表现。由此推知，空处指出离开家又想家的情况是“思乡”。C选项“Believeitornot,you’refeelinghomesick.(信不信由你，你想家了)”切题，引起下文，故选C。【17题详解】根据空前“Homesicknessisn’tonlyforkids.(思乡不仅仅是孩子们的事)”可知，此处强调的是思乡不仅仅是在孩子身上发生。由此推知，也会发生在成人身上。A选项“Practicallyeveryonefeelshomesickfromtimetotime,evenadults.(几乎每个人都会时不时地想家，即使是成年人)”切题。故选A。【18题详解】根据空前“Familiarsurroundings,people,androutinesprovidepeoplewithasenseofsecurityandcomfort.(熟悉的环境、人们和惯例能提供给人们一种安全感和慰藉)”以及空后“Thosehomesickfeelingsarecompletelynormal.(那些思乡的情感是完全正常的)”可知，设空处应该强调的是在新的场所思乡的原因。B选项“Inanewplace,youmayfindyourselfmissingthecomfortsofhomeandlovedones.(在一个新的地方你可能会觉得你自己失去了家的舒服感和爱的人)”承上启下。故选B。19题详解】根据空后“Othersmayfeelphysicalsymptoms,likestomachacheorheadache,orevenbecometrulydepressed.（其他人可能会有身体上的特征，如胃疼，头疼)”可知，此处强调的是思乡的一些症状。F选项“Somepeoplemayonlyfeelalittleloneliness,sadness,oranxiety.(有些人可能仅仅感觉孤独，悲伤，焦虑)”切题，some呼应后文的others，some...others...“一些……另一些”。故选F。【20题详解】根据前文“Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.(几乎每个人都有想家的时候)”以及空后的“Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.(它意味着你有值得思念的家人和朋友，当你离开家的冒险结束后，你想回到一个地方)”可知，设空处强调的是思乡的好处。D选项“Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesickness,too.(记住思乡也有好的一面)”引起下文。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThestoryhappenedwhenHurricaneIdasweptNewJersey.AnibalGaliana,theprincipalofHackensackMiddleSchool,was____21____aboutthestateoftheschoolafterseeingthesevereflooding.Thenew____22____wouldstartnextweekandthekidsneededabuildingto____23____.SohecalledHemans,theheadcustodian(管理人员)oftheschool,onThursdaymorningtolethimknowhewasgoingtogettotheschooltoassess____24____.ToGaliana’ssurprise,thecustodiansaidhewas____25____attheschool.Actually,hestayedtheentire____26____,runningthepumptomakesuretheschooldidn’t____27____.Ataround11pmonWednesday,a(n)____28____reachedHemanssayingthatwaterwas____29____theschool’sbasement.Hewasathomethen,buthe_____________30_____________tobravethestormtomakehiswaytothe_____________31_____________.Gettingtherefromhishomewasdifficult—heoftenfoundhimself_____________32_____________byrapidlyrisingwater.Oncethere,hestartedthepumptotransferwaterfromthebasementtothe_____________33_____________outside.Afterthat,Hemansskippedsleepto_____________34_____________iteveryhalfhourtoensureitwasstillworking.Ifithad_____________35_____________atanypoint,waterwouldhavequicklymadeitswayinside.Hefinallyarrivedbackathishomeataround2:30pmonThursdayforsome_____________36_____________whichhedeserved._____________37_____________GalianawasshockedthatHemanswenttheextramiletoprotectthebuilding,onfurtherreflection,hewasn’tallthat_____________38_____________.“He’salwaysbeenahardworkingandresponsiblecustodian,”saidGaliana.Duringthehurricane,manyschoolssawdestructionthatmadethem_____________39_____________forweeks.ButHackensackMiddleSchool_____________40_____________rightontime.Whenseeingcheerfulstudentsstudyingandplayinginschool,Hemansknewitwasallworthit.21.A.worried B.angry C.certain D.disappointed22.A.task B.term C.period D.storm23.A.belongto B.lookto C.cometo D.turnto24.A.profit B.cost C.accident D.damage25.A.already B.always C.previously D.occasionally26.A.day B.week C.morning D.night27.A.break B.flood C.collapse D.burst28.A.appeal B.letter C.alarm D.sound29.A.entering B.cleaning C.leaving D.surrounding30.A.agreed B.decided C.expected D.remembered31.A.office B.center C.station D.building32.A.followed B.blocked C.welcomed D.separated33.A.street B.stair C.pipe D.room34.A.adjust B.start C.check D.repair35.A.fallen B.delayed C.sunk D.failed36.A.rest B.praise C.practice D.help37.A.Because B.If C.Although D.When38.A.excited B.touched C.surprised D.confused39.A.inaccessible B.unsuccessful C.impractical D.unusable40.A.recovered B.opened C.returned D.functioned【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.D32.B33.A34.C35.D36.A37.C38.C39.D40.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哈肯萨克中学的首席管理员赫曼斯冒着暴风雨毅然去拯救学校免于洪水淹没的动人故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈肯萨克中学校长AnibalGaliana在看到严重的洪水后，对学校的状况感到担忧。A.worried感到担心的；B.angry生气的；C.certain确定的；D.disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“AnibalGaliana,theprincipalofHackensackMiddleSchool”及常识可知，AnibalGaliana是校长，对学校的状况感到担忧。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新学期将于下周开始，孩子们需要一栋楼来住。A.task任务；B.term学期；C.period时期；D.storm风暴。根据下文“wouldstartnextweekandthekidsneededabuildingto____3____.”可知，新学期要来了，孩子们要回来了。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：新学期将于下周开始，孩子们需要一栋楼来住。A.belongto属于；B.lo