2021-2022学年上海市浦东新区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

第1页（共1页）2021-2022学年上海市浦东新区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Children'sFineMotorSkillsUsingaforktoeat，zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking，butchildrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills，（1）thesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength，dexterity（灵巧）andcoordination（协调）tograspandcontrolobjectsandused.Itisfirmlybelieved（2）later，finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.（3）arealsoimportantinday﹣to﹣daylife.（4）（watch）ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable，buttheseearlyreactionsarepracticeforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.（5）StephanieReich，aprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia，toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.（6）childrengrowolder，thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample，a4﹣year﹣oldmayholdacrayonwiththeirfist，usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive﹣year﹣oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddlefingersandthumb，asadultscan.Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee（7）（advanced）finemotorskills，suchaswhenchildrenlearntotieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7，（8）（improve）performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.However，everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone，suchasusingeatingutensils（餐具），（9）（delay），itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.Infact，whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom，shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning.Play﹣basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand﹣eyecoordination﹣theabilityofachild'seyes（10）（control）theirhandsandfingers﹣toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Usingcomputers，especiallyakeyboardandmouse，alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.legG.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight18thCenturyGrandTourofEuropeTheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged（有特权的）youngEuropeangraduates（1）atrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandculturalexperiencesupontheirgraduation.Thispractice，whichgrewtobe（2）popular，becameknownastheGrandTour.Specialtyguidebooks，tourguides，andotheraspectsofthetouristindustryweredevelopedduringthistimetomeettheneedsofwealthy20﹣somethingmaleandfemaletravelersastheyexploredtheEuropeancontinent.Theseyoung，classically﹣educatedTouristswererichenoughtofundmultipleyearsabroadforthemselvesandtheytookfulladvantageofthis.Theycarriedlettersof（3）andintroductionwiththemastheydepartedfromsouthernEnglandtocommunicatewithandlearnfrompeopletheymetinothercountries.SomeTourists（4）tocontinuetheireducationandbroadentheirhorizonswhileabroad，somewerejustafterfunand（5）travels，butmostdesiredacombinationofboth.AtypicaljourneythroughEuropewaslongand（6）withmanystopsalongtheway.LondonwascommonlyusedasastartingpointandtheTourwasusuallykickedoffwithadifficulttripacrosstheEnglishChannel.Crossingthewidechannelwasandisnoteasy.17th﹣and18th﹣centuryTouristsriskedsea﹣sickness，illness，andevenshipwreckonthisfirst（7）oftravel.GrandTouristswere（8）interestedinvisitingcitiesthatwereconsideredcentersofcultureatthetime，soParis，Rome，andVenicewerenottobemissed.TheaverageGrandTouristtraveledfromcitytocity，usuallyspendingweeksinsmallercitiesandmonthsinthethree（9）ones.ThevastmajorityofTouriststookpartinsimilaractivitiesduringtheirexplorationwithartatthecenterofitall.OnceaTouristarrivedatadestination，hewouldlookfor（10）andsettleinforanywherefromweekstomonths，evenyears.Thoughcertainlynotanoverlytryingexperienceformost，theGrandTourpresentedauniquesetofchallengesfortravelerstoovercome.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.3．Theword"adolescence"literallymeans"growingup"（fromtheLatinadolescere）.（1），itdescribesadistinctstagebetweenchildhoodandadulthood，butinpracticeoftensimplydefinesthe"teenage"years.InmostWesternsocieties，theideaofadolescencewasnot（2）untilthe20thcentury；childhoodendedandadulthoodbeganatacertainage﹣typicallyat18.G.StanleyHall，apsychologistandeducator，inhis1904bookAdolescence，wasthefirsttoexplorethe（3）.HallwasinfluencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution，perceivingthatallchildhoods，especiallywithregardtobehaviorandearlyphysicaldevelopment，reflectthecourseof（4）change，andthatweeachdevelopinaccordancewithour"ancestralrecord".OnekeyinfluenceonHallwasthe18th﹣century"SturmandDrang"（StormandStress）movementofGermanwritersandmusicians，whichpromotedtotalfreedomofexpression.Hall（5）adolescenceas"SturmandDrang"；heconsidereditastageofemotionaldisturbanceandrebellion，withbehaviorrangingfromquietmoodinesstowild（6）.Hestatedthatadolescents"areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations，whileroutineanddetailare（7）".Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases；everythingismore（8）felt，andsensationispursuedforitsownsake.ManyofHall'sfindingsare（9）inresearchtoday.Hallbelievedthatadolescentsarehighlyaffectedbydepressionanddescribeda"curveofdespondency（消沉）"thatstartsattheageof11，（10）at15，thenfallssteadilyuntiltheageof23.Modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern.ThecausesofdepressionthatHall（11）aresurprisinglyfamiliar：suspicionofbeingdislikedandhavingseeminglyinsuperablecharacterfaults，and"the（12）ofhopelesslove".Hebelievedtheself﹣consciousnessofadolescenceleadstocriticizingselfandothers.Thisviewmirrorslaterstudies，whicharguethatteenagers'advanced（13）skillsallowthemto"readbetweenthelines"，whilealsointensifyingtheirsensitivitytosituations.EvenHall'sclaimthatcriminalactivityismorecommonintheteenageyears，reachingthetoparound18，still（14）.However，Hallwasnottotallynegativeaboutadolescence."Adolescenceisanew（15），"ashewroteinYouth：ItsEducation，Regiment，andHygiene，"forthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowborn."（1）A.IntheoryB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ingeneral（2）A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed（3）A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject（4）A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural（5）A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified（6）A.decision﹣makingB.problem﹣solvingC.risk﹣takingD.example﹣following（7）A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive（8）A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly（9）A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed（10）A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks（11）A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.determined（12）A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power（13）A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal（14）A.soundsone﹣sidedB.holdstrueC.remainsunknownsD.standsout（15）A.trendB.outletC.birthD.modelSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.4．For38﹣year﹣oldJustinHerald，thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchinSydney'snorthwest，whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir."Youhaveanattitudeproblem，"shetoldhim.Theaccusationsparkedsomethinginhim，andheborrowed﹩50fromhisbrothertohavefourT﹣shirtsprintedwiththeslogan："Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem；youhaveaperceptionproblem.""Itwasthebest﹩50Ieverspent，"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning，hehadsoldthreeofthefourT﹣shirts.Withthemoneyhemade，hehadanothersixprinted，then12，then24."Thatfirstyeartheearningwere﹩98，000，"hesays.Hisbusiness，AttitudeInc.，isnowamulti﹣million﹣dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproductssellingin3，500storesacrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing﹣thepubliclovedtheslogan﹣butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitionnhissectoroftheclothingindustry，andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.Themediaspotlightalsohelped，withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald'slikeablepersonalityandinfectionspassionforhisbusiness：thenightofoneTVappearance，187storesrangtogethisproductsintotheirstores.Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago，bywhichtimeitwasturningover﹩30millionayear，andnowspendshistimeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage：anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit."Youhavetohavealotofstickability，becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit."StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren，Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessfulpeoplebecomecaughtupinthetrappingsofwealth."IhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16，"hesays."Inthisarea，youdon'tforgetwhereyoucamefrom."（1）WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest﹩50heeverspent？A.BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT﹣shirt.B.Becausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.C.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.D.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.（2）AccordingtoHerald，thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom.A.goodtimingandcooperationB.businesssenseandluckC.fiercecompetitionandpassionD.familybackgroundandmotivation（3）Theunderlinedword"stickability"（paragraph6）isclosestinmeaningto.A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery，NoGainsC.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself5．Thesmell，thewarmth，thedistincttaste﹣agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughthedayandhelpsustounwindattheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchendeviceishereforconvenience.ProsConsUsuallyquitesmall﹣sizedCheaptobuy﹣somecostaslittleas£40.Goodforoccasionalcoffeedrinkers，asthesealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.MoreexpensiveperthinkthanBean﹣to﹣cupcoffeeorbeans.Coffeepodscreatewaste，asmanypodsareplastic.Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine，we'veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthebestpodcoffeemachinesinmind.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeTwiceasnice!Whetherit'sforaquickcuponthegooracoffeedatewithfriends，thisnotbeveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectasingleservingortobrewupawholepot.Humbleinappearance，thismulti﹣servepodcoffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus；usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyoupreferabrandthatdoesnotcomeinapod.★★★★☆21，017ratings＄104.99＄124.87Currentlyunavailable.Wedon'tknowwhenorifthisitemwillbebackinstock.MachineDesignedtoplease，notonlyisthismachinesmallenoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens，butthe19﹣barhigh﹣pressurepumpalsoensuresthateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster﹣styleresults.Heatingupinonly25seconds，thissingle﹣servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcupofcoffeereadyinlessthan2minutes.★★★613ratings＄159.95NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforsmallhouseholdswhoenjoynovelcoffeesthatarepreparedinnotimeatall.Oryoucanpreparethecoffeeforthego.BuyAldicoffeepodstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewandsaveadollar.Andthey'reallcompatible（兼容）withNespressomachines.★★★★★3.676ratings＄149.95Only10leftinstock.Ordersoon.＄66.75（6Second﹣hand）KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachineIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeisoneofyourgreatestconcern，thenthismachinemightcomeinquitehandy.Thesmallerthepot，thestrongerthecoffee.★★★☆2.665ratings＄118.26＄121.43（1）Accordingtothepassage，podcoffeemachinesattractpeople.A.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlifeB.whoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean﹣to﹣cupcoffeeC.whoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachinesD.whopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironment（2）Ifthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice，whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal？A.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachine.B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine.C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine.D.KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachine.（3）isperfectforanextendedfamilywhopreferhigh﹣qualitycoffee.A.HamiltonBeach（49976）PodCoffeeMachineB.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineC.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachineD.KeuringK55/K﹣ClassicPodCoffeeMachine6．Deepbelowtheground，radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules（分子），producingingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess，knownasradio﹣lysis（辐射分解），hassustainedbacteriainisolated，water﹣filledcracksonEarthformillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro﹣biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartiansubsurface.Duststorms，raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow﹣ground，somelifemightfindrefuge."TheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthesubsurface，"saysJesseTarnas，aplanetaryscientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartinundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayareMartinmeteorites（陨石）thathavecrash﹣landedonEarth.Tarnasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio﹣activeelementabundanceintheMartinsurfaceusingsatelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthatsimulated（模拟）radiolysistoseehowefficientlytheprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengasandotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.Theresearchersreportthatifwaterwaspresent，radiolysisintheMartinsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyearsandperhapsstillcouldtoday.ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradio﹣lysis，butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartinrockstoquantifytheplanet'ssubsurfacehabitability.TarnasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotentialrichnessoflifeintheMartinundergroundandfoundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistinakilogramofrock.Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalledregolithbreccia."ThesearethoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars，whichisthemostancientareaonMars，"Tarnassays.Undergroundlife，asdescribedbythisresearch，wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistsontheplanet，saysLujendraOjha，aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep，butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays，"Wherethereisgroundwater，therecouldbelife."（1）ScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause.A.theMartinsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverseB.radio﹣lysismayexistintheMartianundergroundC.radiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurviveD.cracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteria（2）What'sthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites？A.TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow﹣groundB.Tosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.C.TohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwindsD.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs？A.TarnaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradio﹣lysis.B.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.C.ThesouthernhighlandsofMarsarethemosthabitable.D.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.（4）Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.thereasonfornolifeontheMartiansurfaceB.thesourceofdataforthestudyofMartianhabitabilityC.thepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiationD.therichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurfaceSectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7．Gout（痛风）：TheDiseaseofKingsGout，oncethediseaseofgeniuses，conquerorsandkings，nowisaffectingthemasses.Butcomesatnight，firstasafevereddream，thenpainindarkness，thebodyturnedrudeanimals.（1）Sostrongisthesensitivityofthisswollenbigtonthatthefaintestfootstepofasympatheticvisitorisagunshotstraighttothenerve.Itwillnothelp，atsuchasmoment，torecallthatAlexandertheGreat，LeonardodaVinci，IsaacNewtonreportedlysuffered.（2）Inthewordsofthe17th﹣centuryFrenchpoet，Goutfallsontoapoormanandthen，horrifiedbyherhost'sceaselesslabor，didnothinginabuilding.Surelyit'satimeofalessenlightened，morehierarchical（等级制的）age.Wecanlaughatfromthesafedistanceofthepresentday.ButtheAmericancriticSusanSontagwarnedusagainstillnessasmyth.Goutisnotapunishment，certainlynotanembarrassmentand，itishighlycurable，ifgoodtreatmentisfollowed.Andthediseasehasnotbeenlimitedtothepast.（3）Fromthe1960stothe1990s，thenumberofsufferersdoubledintheUnitedStates，andthat'scontinuedtorise.Itistemptingtoseegoutasanannoyingangelandcometopunishgreed.Mentioningtheromanticaspectoftuberculosis（肺结核）inthe19thcentury，Sontagarguedthatgoutwascontrarytotubercular.Thegout﹣riddenwereguiltyofeatingtoomuch，whilethosedyingoftubercularwerethemselvesconsumedfromtheinside.Duringthatperiod，turningthinnerfromtubercularwastakenasasignofelegance，withpoetsconsideredunreliableiftheyweighedmorethanahundredpounds，andso"itbecamerudetoeatheartily".Sontagalsohighlightedastrangesocialphenomenon.（4）Greatmen"grewfat，wrotenovelsandconqueredcontinents."A.Ifyouareagoutsufferer，youarenotalone.B.Nooneknowswhat'sbehindthephenomenon.C.Norisitanylongerexclusivetorichwhitemen.D.Thefootisredandswollen，poundinglikeaheart.E.Wemightdismissgoutasaghostfromafable，whichitwas.F.Thetubercular'shollowcheekswereconsidereddesirablelookforwomen.SummaryWriting8．Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofin﹣the﹣momentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits，includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwell﹣being.Forexample，inastudyofcancerpatients，cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulness﹣basedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences，enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly，studiesshowthatmindfulnesscanalsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenon﹣meditatorsonallmeasuresofattention，suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits，whichincludeeverything，frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However，researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutcomes.Forexample，onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation，participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememories，demonstratingapotentialunintendeddownsidetomindfulness.Inaddition，anotherstudysuggestedmindfulnessresearchersneededtobecarefulthattheydidn'tlearnparticipantsbybringingaboutunpleasantmental，physical，orspiritualreactionsthroughmindfulness.Forexample，mindfulnessmeditationmayresultinsevereanxietyforthosediagnosedwithPost﹣traumaticStressDisorder（PTSD创伤后应激障碍）.ThosewithPTSDtendtoavoidthoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirtrauma.However，mindfulnessmeditationencouragesemotionalopenness，whichcouldleadindividualswithPTSDtoexperiencethestressorsthattheypreviouslyavoided，potentiallyleadingtore﹣traumatization.Itcan'tbedeniedthatmindfulnessisanimportanttoolinthemanagerialtoolbox，butitisnotacure﹣all，anditmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．快把冰箱里的牛奶喝掉，它很容易坏。（for）10．40年前买一块普通手表要花一个人一整年的收入，这是真的吗？（it）11．昨天，我按说明书的建议给新买的手电筒充了电，结果发现它不能正常工作。（recommend）12．最近一个月来，时令蔬菜大量上市，因其品种丰富，价格亲民，百姓的选择越来越多。（available）GuidedWriting13．Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.据报道，陪伴读者23年的上海书城福州路点计划重装。为了更好地在互联网时代服务读者，值此重装之际，上海书城向全社会征集建议。假如你是读者李明，你对此很感兴趣，并决定给相关负责人写一封信，内容包括：1.重装的建议（如：功能、风格等）；2.相应的理由。

2021-2022学年上海市浦东新区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）参考答案与试题解析GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1．Children'sFineMotorSkillsUsingaforktoeat，zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking，butchildrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills，（1）wherethesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength，dexterity（灵巧）andcoordination（协调）tograspandcontrolobjectsandused.Itisfirmlybelieved（2）thatlater，finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.（3）Theyarealsoimportantinday﹣to﹣daylife.（4）Watching（watch）ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable，buttheseearlyreactionsarepracticeforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.（5）AccordingtoStephanieReich，aprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia，toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.（6）Aschildrengrowolder，thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample，a4﹣year﹣oldmayholdacrayonwiththeirfist，usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive﹣year﹣oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddlefingersandthumb，asadultscan.Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee（7）moreadvanced（advanced）finemotorskills，suchaswhenchildrenlearntotieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7，（8）improved（improve）performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.However，everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone，suchasusingeatingutensils（餐具），（9）isdelayed（delay），itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.Infact，whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom，shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning.Play﹣basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand﹣eyecoordination﹣theabilityofachild'seyes（10）tocontrol（control）theirhandsandfingers﹣toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Usingcomputers，especiallyakeyboardandmouse，alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解了儿童的精细运动技能，最初儿童可以做简单的动作，如拉拉链，用刀叉等，在接下来的时间里，慢慢的孩子可以在日常生活和学习中深化这些日常动作，提高这些精细的运动技能。【解答】（1）where.考查定语从句。句意：它们被称为精细运动技能，即手部的肌肉具有足够的力量、灵活性和协调性来抓握和控制物体并加以使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填连词来连接后面的从句，从句不缺少成分，用来修饰前面的"finemotorskills"，"finemotorskills"在从句中充当地点状语，需要用where，故填where。（2）that.考查主语从句。句意：后来人们坚信，良好的运动技能确实有助于孩子在学校取得成功。句子中It作形式主语，真正的主语从句被后置，根据句意和句子结构可知，主语从句不缺少成分，句意完整，需要用that来引导，故填that。（3）They.考查代词。句意：他们在日常生活中也很重要。由句子结构分析可知，句子缺少主语，指代上一句的"finemotorskills"，所以填代词，因其指代复数含义，需要用they，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填They。（4）Watching.考查非谓语动词。句意：看婴儿用他们不协调的胳膊和腿可能很可爱，但这些早期反应是为了练习他们最终发展的精细运动技能。分析句子结构，句子中动词是mightbe，所以空格处要用非谓语动词，watch和ababy之间是动宾关系，且表示伴随，需要用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Watching。（5）Accordingto.考查固定搭配。句意：根据加州大学的教授斯蒂芬妮•赖希所说，幼儿在学龄前需要增加细微动作的协调性。分析句子结构，句子成分完整。根据句意，句子意思残缺，固定搭配accordingto"根据"符合语境，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Accordingto。（6）As.考查状语从句。句意：随着孩子们年龄的增长，这些精细的运动技能将得到提高，并变得更加复杂。分析句子结构，空格处应填连词来引导从句，从句不缺少成分，根据句意，连词as"随着"符合语境，由as引导时间状语从句。位于句首，首字母需大写，故填As。（7）moreadvanced.考查形容词比较级。句意：小学及以后可以看到更进一步的精细运动技能，如当孩子5至6岁学会系鞋带。由"finemotorskills"可知，空格处应该填形容词，advanced是形容词"先进的，进一步的"，结合语境，对比上文讲述4岁和5岁小孩子可以做的事情，那么5岁至6岁，即小学以后可以看到更近一步的精细运动技能，因此要用形容词的比较级，故填moreadvanced。（8）improved.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在7岁的时候，我们可以惊奇地看到他们的表现有所提高。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰主语"performance"，故填improved。（9）isdelayed.考查动词时态和语态。句意：如果一个单一的里程碑，比如使用餐具，被推迟，它不一定会引起关注。分析句子结构可知，if引导的从句缺少动词，主语是"asinglemilestone"，与动词delay之间是被动关系，由语境可知，表示事实应该用一般现在时，所以空出要填一般现在时的被动语态，故填isdelayed。（10）tocontrol.考查不定式。句意：老师也可以利用手眼协调能力—孩子的眼睛，来控制他们的手和手指的能力—来帮助孩子提高精细的运动技能。分析句子结构可知，句中含有动词use，因此设空处应该用非谓语动词，根据句意老师可以使用手眼协调鞥能力去控制孩子的手和手指的能力，为目的状语，tocontrol符合语境，故填tocontrol。【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2．A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.legG.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight18thCenturyGrandTourofEuropeTheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged（有特权的）youngEuropeangraduates（1）Iatrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandcultu