2023年陕西省铜川市高考英语二模试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年陕西省铜川市高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）ALet'splaygamesfromdifferentcountriesandlearnaboutdifferentcultures.

Otedama（Japan）

Itisplayedalonewithfivesmallsandbags.Theplayerkneelsdownbehindthesandbags，throwsoneintheair，thenusesthesamehandtoquicklypickupanotherbagandcatchthefirst.Keepgoinguntilyou'reholdingallfive.Tooeasy？Throwupallthebagsandcatchthemonthebackofyourhand.

Fengzheng（China）

FengzhengsorkitesarebelievedtohavebeeninventedinChinaduringthefifthcenturyBCbyMoziandLuBan.BythefifthcenturyAD，paperkiteswerebeingusedformilitarypurposessuchassignalingandmeasuringdistances.Thesedays，localscommonlyflyhandmadekitestomarkthearrivalofspring.InBeijing，thekitestringistraditionallycuttoallowbadlucktobeblownawaybythewind.

Topfschlagen（Germany）

Germanyistheworld'stopexporterofchocolate，sonowonderthisgameisbasedonthesweetreward.Putsomechocolateunderanoverturnedcookingpot.Kidstaketurnscrawlingonthegroundblindfoldedandlightlystrikewhatever'sintheirpathwithawoodenspoon.Whenthespoonhitsthepot，thechocolatehuntergathersupthetreasure.

EIGatoyElRaton（CostaRica）

Itisafavoritegroupcirclegameforkids.Oneplayselgato（thecat）；anotheriselraton（themouse）.Therestholdhands，formingacirclearoundthemouse.Asthegroupskipsandsings"thecatwantstogetthemouse"，thecatrunsoutsidethecircletryingtotouchthemouse.Theplayersformingthecircleraiseandlowertheirarmstoblockthecat，andthemouserunsaroundtoavoidbeingtouched.Whenthecat"gets"themouse，startoverwithanewcatandmouse.1.Whichgamewasonceusedforwars？______A.Otedama. B.Fengzheng.

C.Topfschlagen. D.EIGatoyElRaton.2.WhatistherewardfortheTopfschlagenplayers？______A.Kites. B.Beans. C.Meat. D.Chocolate.3.WhatisspecialaboutElGatoyElRaton？______A.Itrequiresatleastfourplayersineachround.

B.Itisrelatedwithacountry'stopexportedgoods.

C.Itmustbeplayedbychildrenandadultstogether.

D.ItstartedintheEastandspreadallaroundtheworld.BLiJianguo,a49-year-oldteacherattheTianjinVocationalInstitute,issettobenamedasoneofthe"2022mostbeautifulteachers"—anannualpublicawardsponsoredbythePublicityDepartmentoftheCommunistPartyofChinaCentralCommitteeandtheMinistryofEducation.Lihasstoodoutbytakingtheleadinthetrainingofstudentsinvocationalskills,gaininganumberofhonorsincludingbeingnamedasanationalrolemodelteacher.Hehasmentored(指导)sevennational-leveltechniqueexpertsandateamof14techniquemasters.Oneofhisstudents,GuoJinpeng,whograduatedfromtheinstitutein2007,becameacollegeteacherattheChengduAutoVocationalandTechnicalSchoolandwasnamedasanationalrolemodelteacherin2019.Liˈsnominationasoneofthe"2022mostbeautifulteachers"reflectsthatChinaisfocusingontheimportanceofvocationaleducationandaimstofoster(培养)moreleadingpersonnelwiththespiritofcraftsmanshipinthemanufacturingindustry.AtaninternationalvocationalandtechnicaleducationconferenceinTianjinlastmonth,Linotedthatthereisnodifferencebetweenvocationaleducationandordinaryeducation,andvocationaleducationisnotsecondarynorshoulditeverbetreatedaslessthanordinaryeducation."Vocationaleducationhasthemissionoffosteringaqualityworkforceandtechnicalexpertsforthecountry.Thehardworkingspiritisthekeytobuildinganyordinarypeopleintoleadingpersonnel,"hesaid.Lijoinedtheinstitutein1993andlaterfoundedamachineryengineeringpracticecenter,providingfreetrainingt07,500peopleaweek.In2015,heledateamofteacherstoworkfor40daystorepair124machinetoolsinthecenter.Lihasdevotedhimselftobuildingthecountryˈsfirstadditivemanufacturingtechniqueandapplicationcenterattheinstitutetosatisfythethirstforthecountryˈshumanresourcesin3Dprinting.4.WhydoestheauthormentionGuoJinpenginparagraph2?A.TomakeacomparisonwithLiJianguo.

B.Topublicizenationalrolemodelteachers.

C.Topraisenational-leveltechniqueexperts.

D.ToshowtheachievementsofLiJianguo.5.WhatisLiˈsopinionaboutvocationaleducation?A.Itismoreimportantthanordinaryeducation.

B.Itissecondarytoordinaryeducation.

C.Itshoulddevelopqualifiedandskilledtalents.

D.Ithasnothingtodowithhardworkingspirit.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiˈsjobattheinstitute?A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Challenging. D.Productive.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChinaSponsoringAnnualAwardforTeachers

B.ChinaAimingtoDevelopMoreLeadingPersonnel

C.AVocationalTeachertoBeAwardedasOneofthe"MostBeautifulTeachers"

D.DifferentEducationTrainingDifferentKindsofStudentsCItisanancientChinesetraditiontocherishgrain.InancientChina，farmingpromotedthedevelopmentofcivilizationsopeopleregardedgrainasaGod.Theancientpeoplefirmlybelievedthat"foodisthemostimportantthingforthepeople".TheearthGod"She"andthegrainGod"Ji"weretheearliestgodsworshippedbyourancestorsandthecountrywascalled"Sheji".

Chinesebelieveinfoodconservation.Scholarshavestronglyadvocatedthat"everysinglegrainisfruitofhardwork"andnothingshouldbewasted.Strongdailypracticesareassociatedwith"respecting"thegrain.Familiesthatrunoutofriceneverleavetheircontainercompletelyempty.Thereisalwaysalittlericeleftinit.Partsofthepoultry（家禽）andlivestockthatareunsuitabletobethemaindishesarealwaysdeliciouslycooked.

Foodalsohelpsbringpeopletogether.InChineseculture，"Ju"（gettogether）isaveryparticularword.Therearemanywaystogettogether，buttheword"Can"isusuallyaddedtoitincaseoffestivals，birthdaycelebrations，movingtonewhouses，weddingsandfuneral."JuCan"（gettogetherandhavedinner）isanimportantwayforChinesefamiliestobond.

Buttheseordinarilyfrugal（节俭的）peopleoftenendupwastingfoodduring"JuCan".SomereportsshowthattheannualwasteofgraininChinaiscloseto6%ofthetotalgrainoutput，ofwhich，thewasterateofalargepartyisashighas38%.Thefoodwasteisdrivenbypeople'sflamboyantnature—theythinktheplatesmustbefullandtakingawaypackedfoodfromapartyis"disgraceful".Thedishesatadinnerpartyhavebecomeasymbolofaperson'swealthandhavingtoomanydishesatthemenuhasbecomefashionable，thuspromotingwaste.

Smalltoaperson，afamily，bigtoacountry，thewholehumanrace，tosurvive，todevelop，wehavetobefrugal.Beingfrugaldoesnotmeanbeingmean，itsimplymeansoneiswiseenoughnottowastefood.Ifthecultureofdiligenceandfrugalityismorewidespreadinallcountries，itwouldprovideforastrongerfoundationfornationalsecurityandfamilyhappiness.8.Whydoestheauthormention"Sheji"inParagraph1？______A.ToproveChinaenjoysalonghistory.

B.ToexplainChinesetraditionofcherishingfood.

C.ToshowfarmingpromotedChinesecivilization.

D.ToclarifywhoistheearliestgodinChina.9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofpartsofthepoultryandlivestock？______A.Chinesecuisineisdiverse.

B.Chinesedon'twastefood.

C.TheancientChineselivedadifficultlife.

D.Chineseareskillfulatcookingdeliciousfood.10.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout？______A.Thedisgracefulbehaviourin"JuCan".

B.Thehumannaturerevealedinfoodwaste.

C.HowmuchfoodChinesepeoplewastein"JuCan".

D.Thefoodwastein"JuCan"andthereasonbehindit.11.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus？______A.FarmingiscrucialtoChina'sdevelopment.

B.Foodplaysavitalroleinbringingpeopletogether.

C.Weshouldcherishfoodandformthehabitoffrugality.

D.Wemustn'tleavethecontainercompletelyemptyincaseofrunningoutoffood.DImaginedrivingbehindahugetruckshootingcloudsofsmokeintotheairwhileyournewfullyelectricvehiclecleansupitscarbonemissions（排放）.Thisdreammaysoonbeareality.AteamofstudentsintheNetherlandshascreatedanelectriccarthatnotonlydoesn'tproducecarbondioxidewhendriving，butactuallypullsitoutoftheair.

Thetwo-seatersportscarwasdesignedandbuiltinlessthanayearbyateamof32studentsatEindhovenUniversityofTechnology.Called"ZEM"，whichstandsfor"zeroemissionmobility"，thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32，000kilometers，itcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.That'snotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.However，theyalsopointoutthatthereareoverabillionpassengercarsintheworldthatcouldbeusingthistechnology.Andifabillioncarswereremovingcarbondioxideinsteadofproducingit，theresultwouldbehuge.

ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained：thecar'sframeandpanels（面板）are3Dprintedtoreducewaste；itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials；anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEM'sbatteryisalsoreusable，andhasanotherhandyfeature：itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecar'sroof—andcanevenbeusedtoprovidepowertoyourhousewhenthecarisn'tontheroad.

Accordingtothestatistics，transportationwasresponsibleforover20%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionsin2020—andofthoseemissions，carswereresponsiblefor41%.TheEindhoventeamsaysitsgoalistochallengetheelectriccarindustry：If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayear，thensurelycarmanufacturers（生产商）areexpectedtoadopttheseinnovations，too.12.WhatisspecialaboutZEM？______A.Itcanendtheworld'sCO2release.

B.Itcancutthetruck'sCO2emissions.

C.ItcanreducethelevelofCO2intheair.

D.ItcanabsorbdirtyairaswellasCO2.13.WhydoestheteamrunthecalculationofZEMinparagraph2？______A.TodemonstrateasuperbvisionofZEMcars.

B.ToexplainhowZEMremovesCO2astreesdo.

C.Toillustratetheongoingchangeincarmaking.

D.ToshowtheinfluenceofZEMonthecarmarket.14.WhatdoweknowaboutallthecomponentsofZEM？______A.Theyareofhighquality.

B.Theyareeasytoprocess.

C.Theyareconvenienttoprint.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.15.WhatdoestheEindhoventeamhopetoachieveinthefuture？______A.Sharpdeclineinfuelconsumption.

B.MassproductionofZEMcars.

C.Bigsuccessinbeatingothercarmakers.

D.Dramaticchangesintransportation.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Jumpingropeispopularbutwetendtoignore（忽视）itsbenefits.（1）______Astudyfoundthatcollegemenwhospent10minutesjumpingropedailyforsixweeksimprovedtheircardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessjustasmuchascollegemenwhospentthirtyminutesjoggingforthesametime.Herearesomebenefitsofjumpingrope.

（2）______

Sincemostofyourmajormusclesareworkingwhenyoujumprope，theexercisecreatesalotofheatinthebody.Yourbodyneedstoburnmorefueltoproducethisenergy，soitburnslotsofcalories.Itburnsmorecaloriesthananyotherexercises，suchasjogging，cyclingandswimming.

Improvescoordination（协调）

Jumpingroperequiresgoodcoordination，especiallyasyouadvancetomoreskilledmoves.（3）______Itimprovescoordinationbyrequiringseveralbodypartstocommunicateinordertocompleteonemovement.Thefeetmustjumpintimewiththewriststurninginordertocreateacontinuousjumpingmotion.

Reducesinjuryrisk

Withyourimprovedcoordinationfromjumpingrope，you'llbelesslikelytogethurteitherduringexerciseorindailyactivities.（4）______Asaresult，youaremoreagile（灵活的）andyourbodyawarenessisimprovedgreatly.Thisguaranteesfewerinjuries.

Improveshearthealth

Sincejumpingropegetsyourheartpumping，it'sgreatforyourcardiovascularsystemandhearthealth.JumpingropecanincreaseyourVO2Max（最大摄氧量），themeasureofthemaximumamountofoxygenapersoncanbreatheduringexercise.Thehighersomeone'sVO2max，themorecardiovascularendurance（耐受力）theyhave.

Jumpingropegivesusafull-bodyworkoutwithjustonepieceofequipmentandonemove.（5）______Jumptosomemusic，ortakeyourropetoanearbyparktoenjoythefun.

A.Burnscalories

B.Improvesmuscles

C.Itbenefitsusnotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

D.Youcanquicklyswingtheropetwicewithineachjump.

E.Itmayevenbemoreeffectivethanotherformsofexercise.

F.Jumpingropeforcesyoutomoveyourupperandlowerbodytogether.

G.Sojumpingropehelpsyoustaycalm，clearandfocusedineverythingyoudo.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Childrenknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrongbeforetheyreachtheageoftwo，accordingtonewresearch（1）______recently.

Scientistshave（2）______thatbabiesagedbetween19and21monthsunderstandfairnessandcan（3）______itindifferentsituations.Theysayitisthefirsttimethathavinga（4）______offairnesshasbeenidentifiedinchildrenatsuchayoung（5）______.

Researcherssaybabieswillwatcha（6）______forlongeriftheythinkitcontainssomethingunfair，sointwoexperimentsthebabieswere（7）______onhowlongtheywatchedalivescenario（情景）aboutfairness.

Inthefirst，19-month-olds（8）______twogiraffepuppets（玩偶）giveneitheratoyeachorbothtoystooneofthegiraffes.Longerlookingtimes（9）______thatsomethingwasunusualor（10）______tothebaby.Inthisexperiment，three-quartersofthebabieslookedlongerwhenonegiraffegot（11）______toys.

Inasecondexperiment，twowomen（12）______eachotherwithapileofsmall（13）______betweenthemandanemptyplasticboxinfrontofeachofthem.Inonescenario，onewoman（14）______putthetoysaway，whiletheotherkeptplaying，butbothwomenweregiven（15）______.Inanotherscenario，bothwomenputthetoysawayandbothgotareward.The（16）______21-month-oldbabieslookedreliably（17）______whentheworkerandtheslacker（偷懒的人）wererewardedequally.

PsychologistStephanieSloane，wholedthestudyatIllinoisUniversity，said："Wediscoveredthat19and21-month-oldbabieshaveageneral（18）______offairness，andtheycanapplyit（19）______todifferentsituations."

The（20）______appearinPsychologicalScience，ajournalpublishedbytheAssociationforPsychologicalScience.21.

A.conducted B.reviewed C.published D.processed22.

A.hoped B.found C.warned D.agreed23.

A.apply B.feel C.prove D.access24.

A.range B.matter C.sense D.combination25.

A.life B.market C.age D.class26.

A.performance B.tape C.scene D.play27.

A.timed B.tested C.educated D.placed28.

A.received B.included C.took D.saw29.

A.recommended B.noted C.stated D.indicated30.

A.unique B.unexpected C.difficult D.unknown31.

A.several B.other C.both D.no32.

A.faced B.helped C.treated D.touched33.

A.books B.stones C.clothes D.toys34.

A.dutifully B.simply C.quickly D.eventually35.

A.instructions B.options C.credits D.rewards36.

A.growing B.watching C.crying D.sleeping37.

A.farther B.longer C.closer D.deeper38.

A.pattern B.description C.expectation D.explanation39.

A.directly B.early C.creatively D.appropriately40.

A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.Sanfutie，orSanfumedicinalpatch，isabandagewithtraditionalChineseherbalmedicine.PractitionersoftraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）believethat（1）______（receive）Sanfutieduringthehottestsummerdaysisaneffectiveway（2）______（prevent）andtreatdiseasesoccurringorbeingworseinwinter，suchascoughs，asthmaandarthritis.

ThetreatmentisbasedontheTCMprincipleofyinandyang，（3）______believesthebalanceofbothelementsinthebody（4）______（be）vitalforgoodhealth.Sanfutiecontainsapasteofherbal（5）______（extract）thatare"hot"innature，andwhen（6）______（apply）tospecificacupuncturepoints（穴位），usuallyonthelackandneck，theyreplenish（补充）theyangelements.

Thesepatches（7）______（use）inTCMsincetheearliestrecordedtimesofChinesehistory，asitisfoundintheHuangdiNeijing（TheInnerCanonoftheYellowEmperor），（8）______must-learntextbookforTCMpractitioners，compiledatleast2，000yearsago.Sanfutietreatmentbecame（9）______（extreme）popularintheQingDynasty（1644-1911）andhasenjoyedarevivalinrecentyearsasmorepatientsturn（10）______TCMtreatment.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Duringthisyear'sTomb-SweepingFestival,Istayathomewithmyparents.Besidesfinishingmyhomework,IreadalotofarticleonlineabouttheFestival,whatincreasedmyknowledgeagreatdeal.Onthethirddayanideasuddenstruckme.WhynotmaketheposteraboutthehistoryandcustomsoftheFestival？Withoutdelay,Ibegantoinvolvemeinmakingtheposter.WhenIwentbacktoschool,Ishowedittomyclassbuttheyallthoughthighlyit.Ourteacherpraisedmeforit,suggestputtingitupintheEnglishLearningGarden.Itmademetohaveasenseofachievement.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.学校英文报正在开展以HowtoSpendOurNationalHoliday为题的讨论。请根据表格中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：

（1）调查结果描述；

（2）简单评论；

（3）你的建议。

如何度过国庆节调查结果方式学习娱乐社会实践，志愿活动人数百分比60%15%25%注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

（3）短文的题目已为你写好。

HowtoSpendOurNationalHolidayOurNationalHolidayisaspecialtimeforusstudentstohaveourownlife._______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Fengzheng（China）一节中BythefifthcenturyAD，paperkiteswerebeingusedformilitarypurposessuchassignalingandmeasuringdistances.（到公元五世纪，纸鸢被用于军事目的，如发信号和测量距离。）可知Fengzheng曾被用于战争。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据Topfschlagen（Germany）一节中Germanyistheworld'stopexporterofchocolate，sonowonderthisgameisbasedonthesweetreward.（德国是世界上最大的巧克力出口国，所以难怪这款游戏是基于甜蜜的奖励。。）可知Topfschlagen选手的奖励是巧克力。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。对比其他三个游戏，尤其根据EIGatoyEIRaton（CostaRica）一节中Itisafavoritegroupcirclegameforkids.（这是孩子们最喜欢的一种小组游戏。）及其细节可推断，"猫捉老鼠游戏"必须要有四个及以上的人一起玩。故选A。

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了来自不同国家的四个传统游戏。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】D、C、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了被评为"2022年最美教师"之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出了贡献。

1.

根据第二段中的Lihasstoodoutbytakingtheleadinthetrainingofstudentsinvocationalskills，gaininganumberofhonorsincludingbeingnamedasanationalrolemodelteacher.Hehasmentored（指导）sevennational-leveltechniqueexpertsandateamof14techniquemasters.Oneofhisstudents，GuoJinpeng，whograduatedfromtheinstitutein2007，becameacollegeteacherattheChengduAutoVocationalandTechnicalSchoolandwasnamedasanationalrolemodelteacherin2019.（李老师在学生职业技能培训方面处于领先地位，获得了包括全国模范教师在内的多项荣誉。他指导了7名国家级技术专家和14名技术大师团队。他的学生郭金鹏2007年毕业于该学院，成为成都汽车职业技术学校的一名大学教师，并于2019年被评为全国模范教师。）可知，作者在第二段提到郭金鹏是为了展示李建国的成就。故选D。

2.

根据第四段中的Vocationaleducationhasthemissionoffosteringaqualityworkforceandtechnicalexpertsforthecountry.（职业教育的使命是为国家培养高素质的劳动力和技术专家。）可知，李建国认为职业教育应该培养合格、熟练的人才。故选C。

3.

根据最后一段中的Lihasdevotedhimselftobuildingthecountry'sfirstadditivemanufacturingtechniqueandapplicationcenterattheinstitutetosatisfythethirstforthecountry'shumanresourcesin3

Dprinting.（为了满足我国在3

D打印领域的人力资源需求，李建国致力于在该研究所建设国内首个增材制造技术与应用中心。）可知，李建国在学校的工作是有创造性的。故选D。

4.

根据第一段中的LiJianguo，a49-ycar-oldteacherattheTianjinVocationalInstitute，issettobenamedasoneofthe"2022mostbeautifulteachers"（天津职业学院49岁的教师李建国将被评为"2022年最美教师"之一。）并结合全文信息可知，文章主要介绍了被评为"2022年最美教师"之一的天津职业大学教师李建国，他为培养学生职业技能和国家技术专家做出贡献。由此可知，C选项"职业教师被评为'最美教师'"最适合作为文章标题。故选C。

8~11.【答案】B、B、D、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的ItisanancientChinesetraditiontocherishgrain.InancientChina，farmingpromotedthedevelopmentofcivilizationsopeopleregardedgrainasaGod.（爱惜粮食是中国古老的传统。在中国古代，农耕推动了文明的发展，人们视粮食为神）。和TheearthGod"She"andthegrainGod"Ji"weretheearliestgodsworshippedbyourancestorsandthecountrywascalled"Sheji".（土神"社"和谷神"稷"是我们祖先最早崇拜的神，国家被称为"社稷"）。可知，中国有爱惜粮食的传统，古人把粮食视为神，"社稷"是我们最早崇拜的神。由此推知，提到"社稷"是为了说明中华民族爱惜粮食的传统。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段的Chinesebelieveinfoodconservation.（中国人崇尚节约粮食）。可知，本段的主旨是中国人节约粮食。由此推知，提到家禽或家畜中不适合做成主菜的部分总是被烹饪得很美味，是为了说明中国人不浪费食物，即使一点点都舍不得扔掉。故选B。

（3）段落大意题。根据第四段Buttheseordinarilyfrugal（节俭的）peopleoftenendupwastingfoodduring"JuCan".SomereportsshowthattheannualwasteofgraininChinaiscloseto6%ofthetotalgrainoutput，ofwhich，thewasterateofalargepartyisashighas38%.Thefoodwasteisdrivenbypeople'sflamboyantnature-theythinktheplatesmustbefullandtakingawaypackedfoodfromapartyis"disgraceful".Thedishesatadinnerpartyhavebecomeasymbolofaperson'swealthandhavingtoomanydishesatthemenuhasbecomefashionable，thuspromotingwaste.（但这些通常节俭的人往往在"聚餐"期间浪费食物。有报道称，中国每年的粮食浪费接近粮食总产出的6%，其中很大一部分人的浪费率高达38%。食物浪费源于人们的浮夸天性他们认为盘子必须是满的，从聚会上拿走包装好的食物是"可耻的"。宴会上的菜肴已经成为一个人财富的象征，菜单上有太多的菜肴已经成为一种时尚，从而助长了浪费）。可知，本段主要陈述了人们聚餐造成食物浪费的现象以及背后的原因。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Smalltoaperson，afamily，bigtoacountry，thewholehumanrace，tosurvive，todevelop，wehavetobefrugal.Beingfrugaldoesnotmeanbeingmean，itsimplymeansoneiswiseenoughnottowastefood.Ifthecultureofdiligenceandfrugalityismorewidespreadinallcountries，itwouldprovideforastrongerfoundationfornationalsecurityandfamilyhappiness.（小到一个人，一个家庭，大到一个国家，整个人类，要生存，要发展，我们就必须节俭。节俭并不意味着吝啬，它只是意味着一个人足够聪明，不浪费食物。如果勤劳节俭的文化在所有国家更加普及，将为国家安全和家庭幸福奠定更坚实的基础）。推知，作者通过这篇文章主要告诉我们，我们应该珍惜粮食，养成节俭的好习惯。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章通过陈述中国爱惜粮食、节俭的传统美德以及目前浪费食物的现状，并号召我们珍惜粮食、养成节俭的习惯。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】C、A、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Called"ZEM"，whichstandsfor"zeroemissionmobility"，thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.（这种汽车被称为"ZEM"，意思是"零排放机动性"，它配备了特殊装置，在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。）可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二中TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32，000kilometers，itcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.That'snotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.（研究小组说，如果ZEM行驶约32000公里，它可以从空气中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，10辆ZEM汽车在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。）可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬。A．To

demonstrate

a

superb

vision

of

ZEM

cars.展示ZEM汽车的绝佳视觉效果；B．To

explain

how

ZEM

removes

CO2

as

trees

do.解释ZEM如何像树木一样清除二氧化碳；C．To

illustrate

the

ongoing

change

in

car

making.来说明汽车制造正在发生的变化；D．To

show

the

influence

of

ZEM

on

the

car

market.展示ZEM对汽车市场的影响。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained：thecar'sframeandpanels（面板）are3

Dprintedtoreducewaste；itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials；anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEM'sbatteryisalsoreusable，andhasanotherhandyfeature：itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecar'sroof—andcanevenbeusedtoprovidepowertoyourhousewhenthecarisn'tontheroad.（ZEM还有其他一些创新，有助于使其更具可持续性：汽车的车架和面板是3

D打印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。ZEM的电池也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点：它可以用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时候为你的房子提供电力。）可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中TheEindhoventeamsaysitsgoalistochallengetheelectriccarindustry：If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayear，thensurelycarmanufacturers（生产商）areexpectedtoadopttheseinnovations，too.（Eindhoven的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果32名学生能在不到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。）可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产，故选B。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】E、A、D、F、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后句A

study

found

that

college

men

who

spent

10

minutes

jumping

rope

daily

for

six

weeks

improved

their

cardiovascular（心血管的）fitness

just

as

much

as

college

men

who

spent

thirty

minutes

jogging

for

the

same

time（一项研究发现，连续六周每天花10分钟跳绳的大学生与每天慢跑30分钟的大学生一样，改善了他们的心血管健康水平），可知表示"它甚至可能比其他形式的锻炼更有效"的选项E符合前后的例证关系，more

effective

than

other

forms

of

exercise和thirty

minutes

jogging是关键词，故选E。

（2）主题判断题。根据后句Since

most

of

your

major

muscles

are

working

when

you

jump

rope，the

exercise

creates

a

lot

of

heat

in

the

body.Your

body

needs

to

burn

more

fuel

to

produce

this

energy，so

it

burns

lots

of

calories.It

burns

more

calories

than

any

other

exercises，such

as

jogging，cycling

and

swimming（当你跳绳时，你的大部分主要肌肉都在工作，这项运动会在体内产生大量热量。你的身体需要燃烧更多的燃料来产生这种能量，因此它会燃烧大量的热量。它比任何其他运动，如慢跑、骑自行车和游泳，燃烧更多的热量），可知表示"燃烧卡路里"的选项A可以作为本段的主题，burns

lots

of

calories是关键词，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据前句Jumping

rope

requires

good

coordination，especially

as

you

advance

to

more

skilled

moves（跳绳需要很好的协调性，尤其是当你进行更熟练的动作时），可知表示"你可以在每次跳跃中快速摆动绳子两次"的选项D可以承接上文，requires

good

coordination和swing

the

rope

twice

within

each

jump是关键词，故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据后句As

a

result，you

are

more

agile（灵活的）and

your

body

awareness

is

improved

greatly（因此，你更加灵活的，并且你的身体意识大大提高），可知表示"跳绳迫使你上半身和下半身一起移动"的选项F符合前后的语境，more

agile和forces

you

to

move

your

upper

and

lower

body

together是关键词，故选F。

（5）推理判断题。根据前句Jumping

rope

gives

us

a

full-body

workout

with

just

one

piece

of

equipment

and

one

move（跳绳只需一件装备和一个动作，就能让我们进行全身锻炼）；以及后句Jump

to

some

music，or

take

your

rope

to

a

nearby

park

to

enjoy

the

f