医学人文英语U2一课一练

PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledSomeUsefulWaystoPreventfromInfluenza.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Youressaymaycoverthefollowingtopics:.Whatisinfluenza?.Howtopreventfrominfluenza?【解析】任答即可得分PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAConversationOneDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.AconversationbetweenaninternandDr.Zhangwhiletheyarehavingthemorningward-round..A.FebrileconvulsionB.Aids.C.Stomachache.D.Autism【解析】.A.Histemperatureisashighas40.2centigrade.200mgaspirinhasbeengiventohim.C.SodiumLuminalwasgivenintramuscularly.D.Drugshavequietedhimdown.【解析】B.A.Theinterngavehim500mlof10%glucosesolutionwithVitaminC1.0gbyoral.B.Theinternrefusedtoplaceanicebottleonthepatient'sforehead.C.Themedicinewhichtheinterngavetothepatientwasofnouse.D.Dr.Zhangthoughttheinternhaddoneagoodjob.【解析】D.A.Theboyhadanextremelyhighfeverforalongtime.B.Theboydidnothavesorethroat,vomitingandmiddiarrhea.C.HisparentdidnotregarditascommoncoldsotheyrefusedtogavehimAspirin.D.Thepenicillinwhichwasgivenbyintramuscularinjectiontotheboywithdoseof400,000eachtime,twiceadayseemsnoeffective.【解析】DIntern:GoodMorning,Dr.Zhang.DrZhang:GoodMorning.Let’smakethemorningward-round.Intern:OK,thisisanewpatientwhowashospitalizedlastnightbecauseoffebrileconvulsion.Heisatwo-year-oldboy.DrZhang:Howabouthistemperature?Haveanyantipyreticsandsedativesbeengiven?Intern:Histemperatureisashighas40.2centigrade.Aspirinhasbeengivenbyoral,thedoseis150mg.AndSodiumLuminalwasgivenintramuscularly.Thedoseis75mg.Drugshavealreadyquietedhimdown.DrZhang:Anythingelse?Intern:Alsogavehimsomefluid,Imean,500mlof10%glucosesolutionwithVitaminC1.0gbyintravenousdrip,andplacedanicebottleonhisforehead.DrZhang:Welldone.Passmehismedicalrecord,please.Intern:Hereitis.DrZhang:Thankyou.Letmesee…presentillness.Intern:Theboyhadafeverthedaybeforeyesterday.Withclearnasaldischarge,mildcough,headache,sorethroat,anorexia,vomitingandmiddiarrhea.Hisparentregardeditascommoncold,andgavehimsomeAspirin.Thefollowingday,Penicillinwasgivenbyintramuscularinjection,withdoseof400,000eachtime,twiceaday.Itseemsnoeffective.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Whywasthenewpatienthospitalizedlastnight?WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutthenewpatientisNOTtrue?Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatdowelearnfromthepatient'smedicalrecord?.SectionAConversationTwoAconversationbetweenadoctorandaparentwhosechildhasatemperatureandcough..A.Hehimselfisfeelingsick.B.Hischildhasatemperatureandcoughforthreedays.C.Hehasdifficultyinbreathing.D.Hehaschestpainforalongtime.【解析】B.A.ApoplexyB.Anemia.C.Pneumonia.D.Diabetes.【解析】C.A.Heistoopoortolethischildbeadmittedtohospitalfortreatment..Hehastolookafterhisotherchildrenathome.C.Hedoesnotthinkthathischildisserious.D.Hischildisallergictopenicillin.【解析】B8.A.ThedoctorwarnsthattheparentshouldmakesurethathischildwouldnotcoughupthesputumB.Thedoctorwarnsthatiftheboyhasdifficultyinbreathing,donotturnhimforfromsidetoside.C.ThedoctorwarnsthatgivetheboymedicineregularlyandcomebacktotheclinicforhisinjectionsthreetimesadayD.Thedoctorwarnsthatiftheboy'sconditiongetsworse,bringhimbackanytime.【解析】DAconversationbetweenadoctorandaparentwhosechildhasatemperatureandcough.Parent:Mychildhasatemperatureandcoughforthreedays,yesterdayhebecameworse.Doctor:Hasheanydifficultyinbreathing?Doeshecomplainofchestpains?Doesheplayasusual?Parent:He’sweak,andcan’tbreatheeasily.He’sverypaleDoctor:I’llexaminehislungs.Mostlikely,it'spneumonia.Lethimhaveafluoroscopycheck.Doctor:Yes,hehaspneumonia.Parent:Isitserious?Isthereanydanger?Doctor:Ithinkheshouldbeadmittedtohospitalfortreatment.Parent:Ihaveotherchildrenathome.Ihavetotakecareofthemtoo,isitpossibletohavehimtreatedintheout-patientclinic?Doctor:Yes,Iwouldliketogivehimpenicillininjectionstwiceadayfortwodays.Isheallergictopenicillin?Parent:No,heisn’t.Doctor:It’simportantfortheairtobealittlehumid.Itmakesiteasierforhimtocoughupthesputum.Ifhehasdifficultyinbreathing,raisehisheadalittlebitwithapilloworhalf-sithimupinbed.Turnhimforfromsidetosideonceeverytwotothreehours.Givehimeasilydigestedfoodandlotsofwatertodrink.Givehimmedicineregularlyandcomebacktotheclinicforhisinjectionstwiceaday.Ifhisconditiongetsworse,bringhimbackanytime.Otherwisecomebacktoseemethedayaftertomorrow.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard..Whydoestheparentcometofindthedoctor?.Whatkindofdiseasedoestheboyprobablyhave?.Whydoestheparentwanttohavehischildtreatedintheout-patientclinic?.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?.SectionBPassageoneDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.9.A.Theyrecommendeveryoneolderthan3monthsgettheirflushot.B.It'sunnecessaryforthoseolderthan6monthstogettheirflushot.C.Theyrecommendeveryoneolderthan6monthsgettheirflushot.D.It'sunnecessaryfortheU.S.residentstogettheirflushot.【解析】C.A.ThefluvaccineinjectioncontainsnolivevirusB.Onecangettheflufromthefluvaccine.C.ThefluvaccineinjectiononlycontainsviralproteinsD.It'simpossibletospreadtheflufromtheinjection.【解析】B.A.It'samildinfluenzainfection.B.It'satrueinfluenzainfection.C.It'sareactiontothevaccine.D.It'sanallergytothevaccine.【解析】CPassageoneFluseasonisjustaroundthecorner,andittypicallystretchesthroughtheearlyspring.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)isrecommendingthateveryoneolderthan6monthsgettheirflushot.Duringthe2011-2012fluseason,128millionpeopleintheU.S.,or42percentofthepopulation,receivedaflushot,accordingtotheCDC.That'sclosetothe43percentthatwerevaccinatedthepreviousyear.CDCofficialsestimatedfluvaccinationslastyearprevented5millioncasesofinfluenza,and40,000hospitalizations.Butmythsandmisinformationaboutthefluarecirculatinglikeviruses.Herearethefactsaboutthefluvaccine.Myth:Youcangettheflu,oramildcaseofit,fromthefluvaccine.Thefluvaccineinjectioncontainsnolivevirus,onlyviralproteins,saidDr.DennisCunningham,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistatNationwideChildren'sHospitalinColumbus,Ohio."It'simpossibletogettheflu,andit'simpossibletospreadtheflu,"fromtheinjection,Cunninghamsaid.Aftertheinjection,somepeoplemayexperiencepaininthearmneartheinjectionsite,ordevelopalowfever—thisisareactiontothevaccine,notatrueinfluenzainfection,notevenamildone,hesaid,"Peoplewiththisreactionareabletogotowork,thatisnotthecasewiththeflu.Withaninfluenzainfection,you'reflatonyourback,you'reexhausted,hotandhurt,"hesaid.Thefluvaccinethatisdeliveredasanasalspray,ratherthanasinjection,doescontainliveviruses,buttheseviruseshavebeenweakened,andsotheyalsocannotcausetheflu,accordingtotheCDC.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.WhatdoestheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecommend?WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaboutthefluvaccine?Whymaysomepeopleexperiencepaininthearmneartheinjectionsite,ordevelopalowfever?4.SectionBPassagetwoInthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.12.A.Drugsmayhelpthosepatientswhoarehospitalizedwithsevereflu.B.Drugsareacureforthosepatientswhoarehospitalizedwithsevereflu.C.Drugsmaycutdownonthedurationoftheflubyadayortwo.D.Drugsareofnousetothosepatientswhoarehospitalized.【解析】A.A.There'sonlyonetypeofvirusthatcausetheflu.B.Thestrainsofthefluvirusthatarecirculatingchangefromyeartoyear.C.Thestrainsofthefluvirusarebasicallythesamefromyeartoyear.D.Thefluvaccineisonlyeffectivetocertainbacteria.【解析】B.A.Astrainofthe2009H1N1virus.B.AstraincalledH3N2.C.AninfluenzaCvirus.D.AninfluenzaBvirus.【解析】C15.A.TheH1N1viruswasnotusedtomakelastyear'svaccine.B.TheH3N2andBvirusesarethesameasthestrainsusedtomakelastyear'svaccine.C.Oneissuggestedtogetaflushoteveryyearisthattheimmunitythatdevelopsaftergettingtheshotwanesbythefollowingyear.D.Thoseantibodiesyougetfromyourshotwillbeforthenextfluseason.【解析】CPassagetwoAntibioticsonlykillbacteria,butthefluiscausedbyavirus.Thereareanti-viraldrugsthatcanfightfluinfections,Cunninghamsaid,butthey'veonlybeenshowntoworkwhenthey'regivenwith48hoursofthestartofsymptoms,"Mostpeople,bythetimetheygotothedoctor,they'repastthe48-hourmark,"hesaid.Forpatientshospitalizedwithsevereflu,thedrugsmayhelp,hesaid.Buttheyaren'tacure,andformostpeoplewhoaren'thospitalized,theymayonlycutdownonthedurationoftheflubyadayortwo.Myth:Youdon'tneedtogetthefluvaccineifyougotitlastyear—thestrainsarebasicallythesame.Therearetworeasonswhyit'srecommendedthatpeoplegetthefluvaccineeveryyear,Cunninghamsaid.Onereasonyearlyvaccinationisneededisthatthestrainsofthefluvirusthatarecirculatingchangefromyeartoyear,"It'slikethecommoncold—there'smorethanonetypeofvirusthatcausetheflu,"infact,therearehundredsoffluviruses,hesaid.Eachyear,healthofficialsidentifythevirusesthatarethemostlikelytocauseillnessduringtheupcomingfluseason,accordingtotheCDC.Thevaccineforthe2012-2013fluseason,protectsagainsttwotypeAinfluenzaviruses(oneisastrainofthe2009H1N1virus,theotherisastraincalledH3N2),andaninfluenzaBvirus.Oneoftheseviruses(theH1N1virus)wasalsousedtomakelastyear'svaccine,buttheH3N2andBvirusesaredifferentfromthestrainsusedtomakelastyear'svaccine.Thesecondreasonaflushotisneededeveryyearisthattheimmunitythatdevelopsaftergettingtheshotwanesbythefollowingyear,"IfyougetyourshotinAugust,you'llbesafethoughMarch,butthoseantibodieswon'tbeforthenextfluseason,"Cunninghamsaid.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Whichofthefollowingstatementisrightaboutpatientshospitalizedaccordingtothepassage?Whyit'srecommendedthatpeoplegetthefluvaccineeveryyear?Whatcannotthevaccineforthe2012-2013fluseasonprotectfrom?Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?5.SectionCRecordingOneDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesorreportsfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.TherecordingsWillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecanter..A.LotsofstudieshaveshownthatvitaminsmayoffersomeprotectionagainsttheimpactsofairpollutionB.ResearchersintheUKfoundthathighdosesofthesesupplementsmaybeofnousetothedamagecausedbyveryfineparticulatematter.C.ThescientistsinvolvedsayBvitaminsdohavesomeeffectbutemphasizethelimitationsoftheirwork.0.ScientistshavedonemanyfollowupstudiesaboutBvitamins.【解析】C.A.Itsparticleshaveadiameteroflessthan2.5micrometersItcomesfromdieselcars,woodburningstoves.Ataround1/30thewidthofahumanhair,PM2.5fragmentsmaybringharmtohumanlung.0.ScientistshaveconfirmedthatPM2.5causeswhataretermedepigeneticchangesinourcellsthatcandamageourhealth.【解析】D18.A.BisphenolBB.BisphenolCC.BisphenolAD.BisphenolD【解析】CBvitaminsmayoffersomeprotectionagainsttheimpactsofairpollution,asmallscalehumantrialsuggests.ResearchersintheUSfoundthathighdosesofthesesupplementsmay"completelyoffset"thedamagecausedbyveryfineparticulatematter.Thescientistsinvolvedsaytheeffectisrealbutstressthelimitationsoftheirwork.Followupstudiesareurgentlyneeded,theysay,inheavilypollutedcitieslikeBeijingorMexico.Whiletheimpactsofairpollutiononhealthhavebecomeacauseofgrowingconcerntopeopleallaroundtheworld,theactualmechanicsofexactlyhowdirtyairmakespeoplesickarenotclearlyunderstood.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),over90%oftheworld'spopulationliveinareaswhereairpollutionexceedssafetyguidelines.Oneofthepollutantsthatisconsideredthemostdangerousisveryfineparticulatematter,referredtoasPM2.5,whereparticleshaveadiameteroflessthan2.5micrometers.Thesecomplexparticulatescomefromdieselcars,woodburningstovesandasabyproductofchemicalreactionsbetweenotherpollutinggases.Ataround1/30thewidthofahumanhair,PM2.5fragmentscanlodgedeepinthehumanlungandcontributetolungandhearthealthissuesintheyoungandold.ScientistshavelongsuspectedthatPM2.5causeswhataretermedepigeneticchangesinourcellsthatcandamageourhealth.ThegenesinourDNAcontaintheinstructionsforlife,butepigeneticscontrolshowthoseinstructionsareused-it'sliketherelationshipbetweenanmp3trackandthevolumecontrol,youcanonlyhearthemusicalnotes(genes)whenyoudialupthevolume(epigeneticchanges).Thestudyshowstheverypresenceofenvironmentalfactorslikeairpollutionseemstoaltergenesintheimmunesystemattheepigeneticlevel-switchingthemonoroff,andinhibitingourdefenses.ResearchershadalreadyseenthatnutrientscouldsomehowstopthisprocessinanimalstudieswiththechemicalBisphenolA.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutBvitaminsistrue?WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutP.M2.5isNOTtrue?Accordingtosomeresearchers,whatchemicalcansomehowstopimmunesystemfromswitchingonoroffinanimalstudies?6.SectionCRecordingTwoDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesorreportsfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.TherecordingsWillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecanter.19.A.BadcholesterolB.Heart-healthypolyunsaturatedfatsC.MonounsaturatedfatsD.Withfiber,protein,vitaminsandminerals.【解析】A20.A.Theydonothaveasmuchomega-3fattyacidsastheirsiblingsdo.B.Theycontainagreatabundantofomega-3fattyacidswhichareimportantforskinhealth.C.TheycontaintheleastantioxidantscomparedwithothernutsD.Theydonotcontainmuchcalorie.【解析】B21.A.20gramsofnutsadaycancutpeople'sriskofheartdiseasebynearly30%.B.20gramsofnutsadaycancutpeople'sriskofcancerby15%.C.20gramsofnutsadaycancutpeople'sriskoflungdiseaseby20%.D.20gramsofnutsadaycancutpeople'sriskofprematuredeathby22%【解析】CNutsarerichinheart-healthypolyunsaturatedfatsandmonounsaturatedfats,whichlowerLDLor"bad"cholesterol;plus,theyareagoodsourceofphytosterols,compoundsthathelplowerbloodcholesterol.Theyarepackedwithfiber,protein,vitaminsandminerals,includingfolate,vitaminE,potassiumandmagnesium.Walnutsareawinneramongnuts,becauseunliketheirsiblings,theyhaveasignificantamountofessentialomega-3fattyacids,whichareimportantforskinhealth.Theyalsocontainthemostantioxidantscomparedwithothernuts,accordingtoastudyfromtheAmericanChemicalSociety.Becausetheyarehighinfat,nutsarealsocalorie-dense.Asmallhandfulgoesalongway.Butthefat,alongwithprotein,issatiatingandhelpsslowrisesinbloodsugar.Thatcanpreventcravingsforsweetsandothercarbohydrate-richfoods.Infact,researchsuggeststhatnutsmayhelpwithappetitecontrol,whichcanpreventweightgainorevenhelpwithweightloss.Researchhasalsoshownthateatingnutsdailymayhelpuslivehealthierlives.A2016analysisof29studiesandupto819,000peoplerevealedthat20gramsofnutsaday--equivalenttoahandful--cancutpeople'sriskofheartdiseasebynearly30%,theirriskofcancerby15%andtheirriskofprematuredeathby22%.Thestudyincludedallkindsoftreenuts,suchashazelnutsandwalnuts,andpeanuts(whicharetechnicallylegumes).Otherresearchhassuggestedthateatingnutseverydayinplaceofcarbohydratescanhelpcontroltype2diabetes.Althoughitmaybenutstonotincludenutsinyourdiet,it'simportanttowatchportions,becausecaloriesinnutsaddupquickly.Macadamianutsarethemostcaloric,at240caloriesperquarter-cup.Walnutshaveapproximately160caloriesperquartercup;pistachiosandpecanshaveabout170calories,andpeanutsandcashewshaveabout200calories.Ifyouarewatchingsodium,chooseraworunsaltednuts.Toreducethecalorieloadfromnuts,chooserawordry-roastedinsteadofoil-roastednuts.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard..Whatarenutsnotrichin?.WhatdowelearnaboutWalnutsfromthepassage?.Whatdoesananalysisdonein2016haveNOTshown?7.SectionCRecordingThreeDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesorreportsfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.TherecordingsWillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecanter..A.Sellinghighcaloriefoodsinplainpackagingcouldhelpinthebattleagainstobesity.Aleadingresearcherhaswonashareofthemostlucrativeprizeinneuroscience.C.Colorfulwrappingisnotattractivetofatpeople.D.Highenergyfoodsbringharmtopeople'shealth.【解析】A.A.Encouragingpeopletobuyitemsthatputthematriskofobesityinthefuture.B.Encouragingpeopletobuyitemsthatputthematriskoflungcancerinthefuture.C.Encouragingpeopletobuyitemsthatputthematriskofinfluenzainthefuture.D.Encouragingpeopletobuyitemsthatputthematriskofheartdiseaseinthefuture.【解析】B.A.Tounravelhowpeoplebecomeobese.B.Tounravelhowcolorfulwrappingbringharmtohuman.C.Tounravelhowthebrainusesrewardstolearnandshapebehavior.D.Tounravelhowhumanbeingsreacttodifferentkindsofattractivefoods.【解析】C.A.Schultzfounditreleasedfromthebrainthirtyyearsago.B.Schultzfoundthatanimalsdonothaveitintheirbrains.C.Schultzfoundthatonlysomeanimalsreleaseitfromtheirbrains.D.Schultzdidnothavefurtherstudiesonit.【解析】ASellinghighcaloriefoodsinplainpackagingcouldhelpinthebattleagainstobesityaccordingtoaleadingresearcherwhohaswonashareofthemostlucrativeprizeinneuroscienceforhisworkonthebrain’srewardsystem.Thecolorfulwrappingandattractiveadvertisingofcalorie-richfoodsencouragepeopletobuyitemsthatputthematriskofovereatingandbecomingobeseinthefuture,saidWolframSchultz,aprofessorofneuroscienceattheUniversityofCambridge.“Weshouldnotadvertise,propagateorencouragetheunnecessaryingestionofcalories,”SchultzsaidatapressconferenceheldonMondaytoannouncethewinnersofthe2017BrainPrize.“Thereshouldbesomewayofregulatingthedesiretogetmorecalories.Wedon’tneedthesecalories.”“Colorfulwrappingofhighenergyfoodsofcoursemakesyoubuymoreofthatstuffandonceyouhaveitinyourfridge,it,sinfrontofyoueverytimeyouopenthefridgeandultimatelyyou,regoingtoeatitandeattoomuch,”headded.Schultzsharesthe€1mprizefromtheLundbeckFoundationinDenmarkwithprofessorsPeterDayan,directoroftheGatsbyComputationalNeuroscienceUnitatUCL,andRayDolan,directoroftheMaxPlanckUCLCentreforComputationalPsychiatryandAgeing.Together,thescientistsunraveledhowthebrainusesrewardstolearnandshapebehavior.Thirtyyearsago,Schultzwasstudyingneuronsinthebrainthatreleaseachemicalmessengercalleddopamine.Hefoundthatwhenanimalsweregivenarewardintheformoffruitjuice,theneuronsfiredinappreciation.Butfurtherexperimentsrevealedthebrain,srewardsystemtobemorecomplex.Whenanimalsweretaughttoassociateparticularimageswithanimpendingfruitjuicetreat,theirneuronsfiredonseeingthepicturesinsteadofwhenthedrinkwastaken.Ifnodrinkappeared,thereactionoftheneuronsgraduallyfadedovertime.Theworkrevealsoneofthemostcrucialbiologicalmechanismsevertohaveevolved.Fororganismstosurviveandreproducetheyneedfood,drinkandsex.Thebrain'srewardsystemhelpsthebraintolearnwhatbehaviorandresourcessatisfythoseneeds."It’saperfectteachingsignal,”saidSchultz.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Whatisthereportmainlyabout?AccordingtoWolframSchultz,whatriskmaycolorfulwrappingandattractiveadvertisingofcalorie-richfoodsbring?WhatresearchdoWolframSchultzPeterDayan,RayDolandotogether?Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutdopamineistrue?PartIIIReadingComprehension1.SectionADirections:Inthissection.thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theflu1issafeforpregnantwomen,andforbabiesolderthan6months,Cunninghamsaid.Infact,theAmericanCongressofObstetriciansandGynecologists(theleadinggroupofwomen'shealthcarephysicians)recommendsthatpregnantwomenbevaccinatedagainsttheflu,"Nostudytodatehasshownan_2consequenceofinactivatedinfluenzavaccineinpregnantwomenortheir3,"accordingtotheACOG.TheCDCnotesthat4womenshouldreceivethevaccinebyinjection,notnasalspray.Theflucanbe5severeforpregnantwomen,becausethebody6itsnormallevelofimmunesystemfunctionduringpregnancy,Cunninghamsaid.Forexample,duringthe2009H1N1flupandemic,pregnantwomen7foradisproportionatenumberofdeaths.Thisyear'sfluvaccineincludesastrainoftheH1N1virus._8,therateofpretermbirthamongwomen9withH1N1was30percent;morethandoubletheusualrateintheU.S.of13percent,accordingtotheCDC.Otherresearchhassuggestedthefluvaccineduringpregnancyislinkedwithalowerriskofstillbirth.Vaccinatedwomenmayalsolowertheirriskinfectingtheirnewborns,Cunninghamsaid.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsandtheCDCrecommendthatchildrenover6monthsoldreceivetheflushot.10childrenhaveahigherriskofdyingfromthefluthanthosearevaccinated,researchhasshown.【解析】1.D.vaccine2.O.adverse3.B.offspring4.F.pregnant5.A.particularly6.I.reduces7.L.accounted8.E.Additionally9.N.infected10.G.Unvaccinated2.SectionB(请填写大写字母)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Womenreallyarebetterdoctors,studysuggestsIfmaledoctorswereabletodoaswellastheirfemalecounterpartswhentreatingelderlypatientsinthehospital,theycouldsave32,000livesayear,accordingtoastudyof1.5millionhospitalvisits.Amonthafterpatientswerehospitalized,therewasasmallbutsignificantdifferenceinthelikelihoodthattheywerestillaliveorhadtobereadmittedtothehospitaldependingonthegenderofthedoctorwhocaredforthem,accordingtothestudypublishedinJAMAInternalMedicine.Althoughtheanalysiscan'tprovethegenderofthephysicianwasthedeterminingfactor,theresearchersmademultipleeffortstoruleoutotherexplanations."Ifwehadatreatmentthatloweredmortalityby0.4percentagepointsorhalfapercentagepoint,thatisatreatmentwewouldusewidely.Wewouldthinkofthatasaclinicallyimportanttreatmentwewanttouseforourpatients,”saidAshishJha,professorofhealthpolicyattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth.Theyestimatethat32,000patients'livescouldbesavedintheMedicarepopulationaloneisonparwiththenumberofdeathsfromvehiclecrasheseachyear.Foryears,studieshavesuggestedthatmenandwomenpracticemedicinedifferently.Womenaremorelikelytoadheretoclinicalguidelinesandcounselpatientsonpreventivecare.Theyaremorecommunicativethanmen.Butwhetherthosedifferenceshaveameaningfulimpactonpatients'well-beinghasbeenunclear.Thedisturbingreasonwhywedon’tbelieveyoung,blackwomenarereallydoctors.Thenewstudy,basedo