土木工程博士英语必备

土木工程博士英语必备土木工程博士英语必备/NUMPAGES26土木工程博士英语必备土木工程博士英语必备土木工程博士研究生专业英语必备第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1FiniteElementMethod有限单元法2专业英语SpecialtyEnglish3水利工程HydraulicEngineering4土木工程CivilEngineering5地下工程UndergroundEngineering6岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering7道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering8桥梁工程BridgeEngineering9隧道工程TunnelEngineering10工程力学EngineeringMechanics11交通工程TrafficEngineering12港口工程PortEngineering13安全性safety17木结构timberstructure18砌体结构masonrystructure19混凝土结构concretestructure20钢结构steelstructure21钢-混凝土复合结构steelandconcretecompositestructure22素混凝土plainconcrete23钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete24钢筋rebar25预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete26静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure27超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure28桁架结构trussstructure29空间网架结构spatialgridstructure30近海工程offshoreengineering31静力学statics32运动学kinematics33动力学dynamics34简支梁simplysupportedbeam35固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity37塑性力学plasticity38弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39断裂力学fractureMechanics40土力学soilmechanics41水力学hydraulics42流体力学fluidmechanics43固体力学solidmechanics44集中力concentratedforce45压力pressure46静水压力hydrostaticpressure47均布压力uniformpressure48体力bodyforce49重力gravity50线荷载lineload51弯矩bendingmoment52torque扭矩53应力stress54应变stain55正应力normalstress56剪应力shearingstress57主应力principalstress58变形deformation59内力internalforce60偏移量挠度deflection61settlement沉降62屈曲失稳buckle63轴力axialforce64允许应力allowablestress65疲劳分析fatigueanalysis66梁beam67壳shell68板plate69桥bridge70桩pile71主动土压力activeearthpressure72被动土压力passiveearthpressure73承载力load-bearingcapacity74水位waterHeight75位移displacement76结构力学structuralmechanics77材料力学materialmechanics78经纬仪altometer79水准仪level80学科discipline81子学科sub-discipline82期刊journal,periodical83文献literature84ISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准刊号85ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumber国际标准书号86卷volume87期number88专著monograph89会议论文集Proceeding90学位论文thesis,dissertation91专利patent92档案档案室archive93国际学术会议conference94导师advisor95学位论文答辩defenseofthesis96博士研究生doctoratestudent97研究生postgraduate98EIEngineeringIndex工程索引99SCIScienceCitationIndex科学引文索引100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科学技术会议论文集索引101题目title102摘要abstract103全文full-text104参考文献reference105联络单位、所属单位affiliation106主题词Subject107关键字keyword108ASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美国土木工程师协会109FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration联邦公路总署110ISOInternationalStandardOrganization111解析方法analyticalmethod112数值方法numericalmethod113计算computation114说明书instruction115规范Specification,Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical

engineering岩土工程

2.foundation

engineering基础工程3.soil,

earth土4.soil

mechanics土力学

cyclic

loading周期荷载

unloading卸载

reloading再加载

viscoelastic

foundation粘弹性地基

viscous

damping粘滞阻尼

shear

modulus剪切模量

5.soil

dynamics土动力学6.stress

path应力路径

7.numerical

geotechanics

数值岩土力学

二.

土的分类

1.residual

soil残积土

groundwater

level地下水位

2.groundwater

地下水

groundwater

table地下水位

3.clay

minerals粘土矿物

4.secondary

minerals次生矿物

5.landslides滑坡

6.bore

hole

columnar

section钻孔柱状图

7.engineering

geologic

investigation工程地质勘察

8.boulder漂石

9.cobble卵石

10.gravel砂石

11.gravelly

sand砾砂

12.coarse

sand粗砂

13.medium

sand中砂

14.fine

sand细砂

15.silty

sand粉土

16.clayey

soil粘性土

17.clay粘土

18.silty

clay粉质粘土

19.silt粉土

20.sandy

silt砂质粉土

21.clayey

silt粘质粉土

22.saturated

soil饱和土

23.unsaturated

soil非饱和土

24.fill

(soil)填土

25.overconsolidated

soil超固结土

26.normally

consolidated

soil正常固结土

27.underconsolidated

soil欠固结土

28.zonal

soil区域性土

29.soft

clay软粘土

30.expansive

(swelling)

soil膨胀土

31.peat泥炭

32.loess黄土

33.frozen

soil冻土

24.degree

of

saturation饱和度

25.dry

unit

weight干重度

26.moist

unit

weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International

Society

for

Soil

Mechanics

and

Geotechnical

Engineering

国际土力学与岩土工程学会

四.

渗透性和渗流

1.Darcy’s

law

达西定律

2.piping管涌

3.flowing

soil流土

4.sand

boiling砂沸

5.flow

net流网

6.seepage渗透（流）

7.leakage渗流

8.seepage

pressure渗透压力

9.permeability渗透性

10.seepage

force渗透力

11.hydraulic

gradient水力梯度

12.coefficient

of

permeability渗透系数

五.

地基应力和变形

1.soft

soil软土

2.(negative)

skin

friction

of

driven

pile打入桩（负）摩阻力

3.effective

stress有效应力

4.total

stress总应力

5.field

vane

shear

strength十字板抗剪强度

13.contact

stress

(pressure)接触应力（压力）

14.concentrated

load集中荷载

15.a

semi-infinite

elastic

solid半无限弹性体

16.homogeneous均质

17.isotropic各向同性

18.strip

footing条基

19.square

spread

footing方形独立基础

20.underlying

soil

(stratum

,strata)下卧层（土）

21.dead

load

=sustained

load恒载

持续荷载

22.live

load活载

23.short

–term

transient

load短期瞬时荷载

24.long-term

transient

load长期荷载

25.reduced

load折算荷载

26.settlement沉降

27.deformation变形

28.casing套管

29.dike=dyke堤（防）

30.clay

fraction粘粒粒组

31.physical

properties物理性质

32.subgrade路基

33.well-graded

soil级配良好土

34.poorly-graded

soil级配不良土

35.normal

stresses正应力

36.shear

stresses剪应力

37.principal

plane主平面

38.major

(intermediate,

minor)

principal

stress最大（中、最小）主应力

39.Mohr-Coulomb

failure

condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件

40.FEM=finite

element

method有限元法

41.limit

equilibrium

method极限平衡法

42.pore

water

pressure孔隙水压力

43.preconsolidation

pressure先期固结压力

44.modulus

of

compressibility压缩模量

45.coefficent

of

compressibility压缩系数

46.compression

index压缩指数

47.swelling

index回弹指数

48.geostatic

stress自重应力

49.additional

stress附加应力

50.total

stress总应力

51.final

settlement最终沉降

52.slip

line滑动线

六.

基坑开挖与降水

1

excavation开挖（挖方）

2

dewatering（基坑）降水

3

failure

of

foundation基坑失稳

4

bracing

of

foundation

pit基坑围护

5

bottom

heave=basal

heave

（基坑）底隆起

6

retaining

wall挡土墙

7

pore-pressure

distribution孔压分布

8

dewatering

method降低地下水位法

9

well

point

system井点系统（轻型）

10

deep

well

point深井点

11

vacuum

well

point真空井点

12

braced

cuts支撑围护

13

braced

excavation支撑开挖

14

braced

sheeting支撑挡板

七.

深基础--deep

foundation

1.pile

foundation桩基础

1)cast

–in-place灌注桩

diving

casting

cast-in-place

pile沉管灌注桩

bored

pile钻孔桩

special-shaped

cast-in-place

pile机控异型灌注桩

piles

set

into

rock嵌岩灌注桩

rammed

bulb

pile夯扩桩

2)belled

pier

foundation钻孔墩基础

drilled-pier

foundation钻孔扩底墩

under-reamed

bored

pier

3)precast

concrete

pile预制混凝土桩

4)steel

pile钢桩

steel

pipe

pile钢管桩

steel

sheet

pile钢板桩

5)prestressed

concrete

pile预应力混凝土桩

prestressed

concrete

pipe

pile预应力混凝土管桩

2.caisson

foundation沉井（箱）

3.diaphragm

wall地下连续墙截水墙

4.friction

pile摩擦桩

5.end-bearing

pile端承桩

6.shaft竖井；桩身

7.wave

equation

analysis波动方程分析

8.pile

caps承台（桩帽）

9.bearing

capacity

of

single

pile单桩承载力

10.lateral

pile

load

test单桩横向载荷试验

11.ultimate

lateral

resistance

of

single

pile单桩横向极限承载力

12.static

load

test

of

pile单桩竖向静荷载试验

13.vertical

allowable

load

capacity单桩竖向容许承载力

14.low

pile

cap低桩承台

15.high-rise

pile

cap高桩承台

16.vertical

ultimate

uplift

resistance

of

single

pile单桩抗拔极限承载力

17.silent

piling静力压桩

18.uplift

pile抗拔桩

19.anti-slide

pile抗滑桩

20.pile

groups群桩

21.efficiency

factor

of

pile

groups群桩效率系数（η）

22.efficiency

of

pile

groups群桩效应

23.dynamic

pile

testing桩基动测技术

24.final

set最后贯入度

25.dynamic

load

test

of

pile桩动荷载试验

26.pile

integrity

test桩的完整性试验

27.pile

head=butt桩头

28.pile

tip=pile

point=pile

toe桩端（头）

29.pile

spacing桩距

30.pile

plan桩位布置图

31.arrangement

of

piles

=pile

layout桩的布置

32.group

action群桩作用

33.end

bearing=tip

resistance桩端阻

34.skin(side)

friction=shaft

resistance桩侧阻

35.pile

cushion桩垫

36.pile

driving(by

vibration)

（振动）打桩

37.pile

pulling

test拔桩试验

38.pile

shoe桩靴

39.pile

noise打桩噪音

40.pile

rig打桩机

九.

固结consolidation

1.Terzzaghi’s

consolidation

theory太沙基固结理论

2.Barraon’s

consolidation

theory巴隆固结理论

3.Biot’s

consolidation

theory比奥固结理论

4.over

consolidation

ration

(OCR)超固结比

5.overconsolidation

soil超固结土

6.excess

pore

water

pressure超孔压力

7.multi-dimensional

consolidation多维固结

8.one-dimensional

consolidation一维固结

9.primary

consolidation主固结

10.secondary

consolidation次固结

11.degree

of

consolidation固结度

12.consolidation

test固结试验

13.consolidation

curve固结曲线

14.time

factor

Tv时间因子

15.coefficient

of

consolidation固结系数

16.preconsolidation

pressure前期固结压力

17.principle

of

effective

stress有效应力原理

18.consolidation

under

K0

condition

K0固结

十.

抗剪强度shear

strength

1.undrained

shear

strength不排水抗剪强度

2.residual

strength残余强度

3.long-term

strength长期强度

4.peak

strength峰值强度

5.shear

strain

rate剪切应变速率

6.dilatation剪胀

7.effective

stress

approach

of

shear

strength

剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法

8.total

stress

approach

of

shear

strength抗剪强度总应力法

9.Mohr-Coulomb

theory莫尔－库仑理论

10.angle

of

internal

friction内摩擦角

11.cohesion粘聚力

12.failure

criterion破坏准则

13.vane

strength十字板抗剪强度

14.unconfined

compression无侧限抗压强度

15.effective

stress

failure

envelop有效应力破坏包线

16.effective

stress

strength

parameter有效应力强度参数

十一.

本构模型--constitutive

model

1.elastic

model弹性模型

2.nonlinear

elastic

model非线性弹性模型

3.elastoplastic

model弹塑性模型

4.viscoelastic

model粘弹性模型

5.boundary

surface

model边界面模型

6.Duncan-Chang

model邓肯－张模型

7.rigid

plastic

model刚塑性模型

8.cap

model盖帽模型

9.work

softening加工软化

10.work

hardening加工硬化

11.Cambridge

model剑桥模型

12.ideal

elastoplastic

model理想弹塑性模型

13.Mohr-Coulomb

yield

criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则

14.yield

surface屈服面

15.elastic

half-space

foundation

model弹性半空间地基模型

16.elastic

modulus弹性模量

17.Winkler

foundation

model文克尔地基模型

十二.

地基承载力--bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil

1.punching

shear

failure冲剪破坏

2.general

shear

failure整体剪切破化

3.local

shear

failure局部剪切破坏

4.state

of

limit

equilibrium极限平衡状态

5.critical

edge

pressure临塑荷载

6.stability

of

foundation

soil地基稳定性

7.ultimate

bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil地基极限承载力

8.allowable

bearing

capacity

of

foundation

soil地基容许承载力

十三.

土压力--earth

pressure

1.active

earth

pressure主动土压力

2.passive

earth

pressure被动土压力

3.earth

pressure

at

rest静止土压力

4.Coulomb’s

earth

pressure

theory库仑土压力理论

5.Rankine’s

earth

pressure

theory朗金土压力理论

十四.

土坡稳定分析--slope

stability

analysis

1.angle

of

repose休止角

2.Bishop

method毕肖普法

3.safety

factor

of

slope边坡稳定安全系数

4.Fellenius

method

of

slices费纽伦斯条分法

5.Swedish

circle

method瑞典圆弧滑动法

6.slices

method条分法

十五.

挡土墙--retaining

wall

1.stability

of

retaining

wall挡土墙稳定性

2.foundation

wall基础墙

3.counter

retaining

wall扶壁式挡土墙

4.cantilever

retaining

wall悬臂式挡土墙

5.cantilever

sheet

pile

wall悬臂式板桩墙

6.gravity

retaining

wall重力式挡土墙

7.anchored

plate

retaining

wall锚定板挡土墙

8.anchored

sheet

pile

wall锚定板板桩墙

十六.

板桩结构物--sheet

pile

structure

1.steel

sheet

pile钢板桩

2.reinforced

concrete

sheet

pile钢筋混凝土板桩

3.steel

piles钢桩

4.wooden

sheet

pile木板桩

5.timber

piles木桩

十七.

浅基础--shallow

foundation

1.box

foundation箱型基础

2.mat(raft)

foundation片筏基础

3.strip

foundation条形基础

4.spread

footing扩展基础

5.compensated

foundation补偿性基础

6.bearing

stratum持力层

7.rigid

foundation刚性基础

8.flexible

foundation柔性基础

9.embedded

depth

of

foundation基础埋置深度

10.net

foundation

pressure基底附加应力

11.structure-foundation-soil

interaction

analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析

十八.

土的动力性质--dynamic

properties

of

soils

1.dynamic

strength

of

soils动强度

2.wave

velocity

method波速法

3.material

damping材料阻尼

4.geometric

damping几何阻尼

5.damping

ratio阻尼比

6.initial

liquefaction初始液化

7.natural

period

of

soil

site地基固有周期

8.dynamic

shear

modulus

of

soils动剪切模量

9.dynamic

ma

二十.

地基基础抗震

1.earthquake

engineering地震工程

2.soil

dynamics土动力学

3.duration

of

earthquake地震持续时间

4.earthquake

response

spectrum地震反应谱

5.earthquake

intensity地震烈度

6.earthquake

magnitude震级

7.seismic

predominant

period地震卓越周期

8.maximum

acceleration

of

earthquake地震最大加速度

二十一.

室内土工实验

1.high

pressure

consolidation