2023学年完整公开课版Developments of Shield Tunneling

ENGLISHFORSHIELDCONSTRACTIONUnitTwo——DevelopmentsofShieldTunnelingContentsTask2Task1Task3VocabularyHaveSomeFunDevelopmentsofshieldtunneling专业词汇学习轻松一下盾构法的起源及发展Seite3Task1：Vocabulary（专业词汇学习）originn.起源，开端historicaladj.历史的，史学的humanrace人类exploitationn.开发，开采，利用resourcen.资源，财力acceleratev.加速，促进liableadj.可能的，易于的timberingn.木材，撑木looseground松散地层practicaladj.实际的，实用的brickworkn.砌砖particularlyadj.独特的，显著的groundwatertable地下水位ingeniousadj.聪明的，精巧的alterv.改变，更改patentv.取得专利remainv.剩余，残余，余留piersn.桥墩，码头Seite4Task1：Vocabulary（专业词汇学习）packice浮冰，积冰suspensionn.悬挂，悬吊proposev.建议，提议rectangularadj.矩形，长方形consistv.组成，构成adjacentadj.毗连的，邻近的framen.框架，结构dividev.划分，除chambern.仓，腔（土仓）minern.矿工polingboards支撑板screwjack螺旋千斤顶soiln.土，土壤，土地entireadj.全部的，整个的severeadj.严峻的，严重的circularadj.圆形的castiron铸铁furtheradv.更多的，此外的Seite5Task1：Vocabulary（专业词汇学习）segmentn.管片externaladj.外部的，表面的diametern.直径impermeableadj.不透水的clayn.粘土lengthn.长度floodingn.淹没，灌溉，溢流applicationn.应用，申请combinationn.结合compressv.压缩，压紧inventorn.发明家performancen.表现，表演，执行rotatev.旋转consistv.组成，构成arrangev.安排，排列spoken.轮辐，辐条，阶梯rakev.耙depositv.存放，堆积Task2：

Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Thehumanracehasbeenbuildingtunnelsforabout5,000years.Tunnelshavebeenexcavatedfortheprotectionofgoodsandpeople,forsecretpassagestoforbiddenlocationsandfortheexploitationofresourcesortoacceleratetransport.Tunnellerssoonlearnttosupportrockliabletofallingandinloosegroundwithtimbering,followedbyabrickworklining.humanrace人类goods

n.货物，物品，商品passagen.通道，通过forbiddenlocation禁区，禁忌地点exploitationn.开发，开采，利用resourcen.资源，财力acceleratev.加速，加快tunnellern.隧道建设者liableadj.有...倾向的，易于的fallingground陷落地层，下沉地层looseground松散地层timberingn.木材，木结构followedby然后，随后brickworkn.砌砖Task2：Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Thesituationalteredin1806,whentheingeniousengineerSirMarcIsambardBrunelinventedandlaterpatentedtheprincipleofshieldtunnelinginLondon.ThepurposewastheconstructionofacrossingoftheRiverNevainStPetersburg,whichcouldremainopeninwinter,neededbecausethepiersofthebridgewerebadlydamagedeachyearbypackicefromLakeLadoga.Bruneldevelopedatunnelsolutionforthisproject,althoughasuspensionbridgehadoriginallybeenproposed.alterv.改变，更改ingenious

adj.机灵的，有独创性的patentv.取得专利crossingn.十字路口，横道，横渡StPetersburg圣彼得堡remainv.保持，留下，剩余pierv.码头，桥墩packicen.浮冰developv.自主研发，开发solutionn.解决方案suspensionbridge吊桥originallyadv.最初，起初proposev.提议，计划Task2：Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）TheThamesTunnelprojectinLondonfinallygaveM.I.Bruneltheopportunitytoputhisideasintopractice(Figure2-1).Theshieldwasrectangularandconsistedof12adjacentframes,eachdividedintothreechambers.Oneminerworkedineachofthesechambers–36minersaltogether.Thesystemworkedlikethis:firstthetoppolingboardsweredrivenintothegroundwithscrewjacks.put…intopracticeadv.实行，实施rectangularadj.矩形的consistof

由……组成adjacentadj.毗连的，邻近的framen.框架chambern.腔，室minern.矿工altogetheradj.完全的，总共toppolingboard支撑顶板driveinto打入，嵌入，敲入screwjack螺旋千斤顶Task2：Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Task2：Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Thetimberingtothefacewasthenremovedstartingfromthetop,andthesoilwasexcavatedforabout150mm,thefacewastimberedagainandsupportedwithscrewjacks.Theentireframewassupportedfromthebrickworklining,whichhadbeenfilledinbehind.WorkontheThamesTunnelstartedin1825amidgreatdifficulties,andthetunnelwasonlycompletedin1843aftermorethanfiveseverewaterinflows.removev.移除，移动amidprep.在其中，在其间completedadj.完成的，完全的severeadj.严重的，严峻的waterinflow洪水倒灌Task2：Developmentsofshieldtunneling（盾构法发展）Itisinterestingthatafterthefirstseriousfloodhadstoppedwork(Figure2-2),Callodansuggestedtheuseofcompressedairin1828,whichBrunelhoweverturneddown.Figure2-2FloodingofthetunnelundertheRiverThameson12January1828summarize(总结)In1806,the

ingenious

engineer

M.I.Brunel[ɪn'dʒinɪəs]机灵的inventedandlaterpatentedtheprincipleofshieldtunnelinginLondon.

1806年，机灵的工程师布鲁诺尔在伦敦发明了盾构法施工的原理，随后为其申请了专利。summarize(总结)TheThamesTunnelprojectinLondongaveM.I.Bruneltheopportunitytoputhisideasintopractice.

在伦敦的泰晤士河隧道工程中，给了布鲁诺尔一次机会，将他的想法付诸行动。summarize(总结)WorkontheThamesTunnelstartedin1825amidgreatdifficulties,andthetunnelwasonlycompletedin1843aftermorethanfiveseverewaterinflows.

从1825年开始修建泰晤士河隧道，在此期间遇到了很大的困难，直到1843年，经历了超过5次严重的洪灾后，这条隧道才完工。severewaterinflowsummarize(总结)In1869,theengineerJamesHenryGreatheadusedacircularshieldforafurthertunnelundertheThames,whichalsomarkedthefirstuseofcircularcastironsegmentsforthelining.

在1869年，工程师格瑞海格利用圆形的盾构机在泰晤士河下进行更远隧道的掘进，同时，也标志着第一次使用圆形铸铁管片作为衬砌。SomePracticalEnglish！Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）SmallStory（英语小故事）Headintheclouds！字面意思：头在云里面！所以，这句话的意思就是白日做梦，胡思乱想，是一句地道的美国谚语！与daydream意思基本一致！意思就是头脑所在的高度太高了，所想的东西不切实际，只能想想！A:IwishIcouldfindajobwithlittleworkbutwellpaid!B:Don’tputyourheadintheclouds!SmallStory（英语小故事）Inone’sbirthdaysuit！字面意思：穿着生日礼服！然而，这个短语的意思并不是这么简单，里面的这个birthday指的是你刚出生的那一天，而那一天你可是什么衣服都没有穿的奥！A:Iheardthatyou’regoingtoaskyourgirlfriendtomarryyouonyourbirthdaypartytomorrownight?B:Yes,Iloveher!A:Ibetyouhavenoballstotellherthat!B:Ok,Let’smakeabetthen,ifyoulose,yougiveme100bucks!A:Andifyoulose,you’regonnabeinyourbirthdaysuitandgoforarunningintheSouthStreet!B:Deal!Tongue

Twister（绕口令英文版）Ithoughtathought.ButthethoughtIthoughtwasn'tthethoughtIthought.我有一种想法，但是我的这种想法不是我曾经的那个想法了。Task2：Developmentsofofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）In1869,theengineerJamesHenryGreatheadusedacircularshieldforafurthertunnelundertheThames,whichalsomarkedthefirstuseofcircularcastironsegmentsforthelining.Theconstructionofthe402mlongtunnelwithanexternaldiameterof2.18mwascompletedwithoutgreatdifficulties,asthetunnelpassedthroughimpermeableclayalongitsentirelength,circularadj.圆形的，循环的furtheradv.更远地，深层次地markv.标记，标志castiron铸铁externaladj.外部的，外在的diametern.直径impermeableclay

不透水粘土alongprep.沿着entirelength全长Task2：BasicPrincipleofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）andtherewerenowaterproblems.Figure2-3showsoneofthetwoGreatheadshieldsusedfortheconstructionoftheRotherhitheTunnel(1904–1908)with9.35mdiameter.oneoftwo两个中的一个Figure2-3Greatheadshield,9.35mexternaldiameter,RotherhitheTunnelTask2：BasicPrincipleofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）In1886,GreatheadachievedtheapplicationofashieldincombinationwithcompressedairforthefirsttimefortheconstructionoftheLondonUnderground.Theuseofcompressedairconsiderablysimplifiedtunnelinginwater-bearingstrata.Thiswasthebirthofthecompressedairshield.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,mosttunnelswerebeingexcavatedusingGreathead-typeshields.achievev.取得，获得，实现applicationn.应用incombinationwith与……结合considerablyadv.相当地，非常地simplifyn.简化，使简单water-bearingstrata富水地层Task2：BasicPrincipleofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）AbetterdesignwasthePriceshield,namedafteritsinventor,J.Price,andpatentedin1896(Figures2-4).ThismachinewasusedwithgreatsuccessinLondonclayfrom1897.ItwasthefirstmachinetomakeuseoftheperformanceofarotatingcuttingheadbasedonsimpleprinciplesinsideaGreatheadshield.inventorn.发明家tomakeuseof

利用baseon基于，以…..为根据Figure2-4MechanizedshieldusedbyJ.PriceTask2：BasicPrincipleofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Thecuttingheadconsistedoffourarmsarrangedlikespokes,onwhichthecuttingandrakingtoolswerefitted.Thecuttingheadwasalsofittedwithbasin-shapedbuckets,whichpickeduptheexcavatedsoilanddepositeditdownaslideontowaitingtrucksforcartingway.Thecuttingheadwaselectricallydriventhroughalongshaft.arrangev.安排，布置spoken.辐条rakingtool挖掘工具fitv.安装，配备basin-shapedbuckets盆状铲斗pickup捡起，收拾，获得depositv.存放/n.存款，押金sliden.滑梯carting载运，运出electricallyadv.电力地，电子地shaft轴，杆状物Task2：BasicPrincipleofshieldtunneling（盾构法序言）Insoilwithhigherpermeability,itisdifficulttosupportthefacewithcompressedair.Greatheadthereforedevelopedashieldin1874withfluid-supportedfacetoavoidthedisadvantagesofcompressedair.Thesoilwasintendedtoberemovedhydraulicallybyafluidandtransportedhydraulicallyasslurry(Figure2-5).Thedevelopmentofearthpressurebalanceshieldsstartedmuchlater.Thefirstdesignwasdevelopedin1963bytheJapaneseSatoKogyoCompanyLtd.permeabilityn.透水性thereforeadv.因此，所以fluidn.液体，