2015完形填空精讲课程讲义

完形填空精讲主讲老师：赵欢迎使老师简◆考博英语名博鳌亚洲英语主持2011世博会英语口语培训师曾为澳大利亚及多位中国国家提供翻译21岁成为大学特聘英语教师中国特邀翻译，曾为、,、赵薇、、、等翻译；受邀开展个人数千场，受到广大学子的热烈追捧，被凤凰、CCTV等多家。@莱弗2010博入学2010博入学考试英语试题ThestrangestweatheroflastyearwaspossiblynotonEarth,butontheSun.Every11years(31) theSungoesthroughacycleofsunspots-actuallymagneticstormseruptingacrossitssurface.Thenumberofsunspots(32)itsminimumin2007and(33) haveincreasedsoonafterwards,buttheSunhasremainedstrangelyquietsincethen.Scientistshavebeenbaffledasweeksandsometimesmonthshavegonebywithoutasinglesunspot,in(34) tobethedeepestsolarminimumforalmost100years.This(35) ofsolaractivitymeansthatcosmicraysreachingEarthfromspacehaveincreasedandthenet'sionosphereintheupperatmospherehassunk ,givinglessdragonsa litesandmakingcollisionsbetweenthemandspacejunkmorelikely.ThesolarminimumcouldalsobecoolingtheclimateonEarthbecauseofslightlydiminishedsolarirradiance,infact,thequietspellontheSunmaybe(37) someofthewarmingeffectsofgreenhousegases,accordingtorecentresearchbytwoUSsolarscientists.Thesolarminimum,theirstudysuggests,accountsforthesomewhatfiattemperaturetrendofthepastdecade.Butifthissolarminimumisoffsettingglobalwarming,scientistsstressthattheoveralleffectisrelativelyslightandcertainlywillnotlast.TheSunhasgoneintolongquietspellsbefore.From1645to1715fewsunspotswereseenduringaperiodcalledtheLittleIceAge,whenshortsummersandsavagewintersoftendNorthernEurope.Scotlandwashitparticularly(39)asharvestswereruinedincold,miserablesummers,whichledtofamine,death,migrationandhugedepopulation,ButwhetherthequietSunwasentirelytoblameforitremainshighly(40)31.[A]and[B]or[C]on[D]so32.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D]35.[A][B][C][D]36.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C][D]38.[A][B][C]in[D]39.[A][B][C][D]40.[A][B][C][D]2009博入学2009博入学考试英语试题Three(51) yearsagoDanielGabrielFahrenheitmadehis(52)thermometerinhishometownofDanzig(NowGdanskinPoland).Thethermometerwasfilledwith(53) andcompleysealed,butitwasnotmuchusewithoutsomesortof(54) tomeasurethetemperature.Onestory(55) that,duringthewinterof1708-09,Fahrenheittookameasurementof0degreesasthecoldesttemperatureoutdoors—whichwouldnowreadasminus17.8C.Fiveyears(56) heusedmercuryinsteadofalcoholforhis(57) ,andmadeatopreferencepointbymeasuringhisownbodytemperatureas90degrees.Soonafterwardshebecameaglassblower,(58)allowedhimtomakethinlyblownglasstubesthatcouldbemarkedupwithmorepointsonthescaleandso(59) Eventuallyhetookthe(60) pointofhistemperaturescalefromaleadingmadeinice,waterandsalt,andatoppointmadefromtheboilingpointofwater.Thescalewasrecalibratedusing180degreesbetweenthese(61)pointsandFahrenheitwasabletomakemuchmoreaccurateandmore(62)measurementsoftemperature.Butin1742arivalchallengedtheFahrenheitscaleandsupersededit.AndersCelsius,inSweden,inventedascaleof100degreesbetweenthezingandboilingpointsofwaterandgradually overmanyHowever,theBritish(65) weddedtoFahrenheituntilwellintothe20th51.[A][B][C]decades[D]hundreds52.[A][D]53.[A][C][D]54.[A][B][C][D]55.[A][C][D]56.[A][C][D][A]thermometers[B]measurements[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D] [B]add [C] [D][A] [C] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B]accidentally[C]surprisingly[D]fortuna[A] [C] [D][A] [C] [D]2010（03）博2010（03）博入学考试英语试题Timeforanother petitivenessalert.IntheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy—whichlastyeartestedahalf-millionstudentsin41countries—Americaneighthgraders belowtheworldaverageinmath.Andthat'snoteven22 part.Considerthisasyoutryto whichcountrieswilldominatethetechnologymarketsofthe21stcentury:thetop10percentofAmerica'smathstudentsscoredaboutthesameastheaveragekidintheglobal Itisn'texactlyanewsflashthesedays Americansscorebehindthecurveoninternationaltests.Buteducatorssaythisstudyis becauseitmonitoredvariablesbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom.Laziness—thefactoroften forAmericanspoorperformance—isnottheculprithere.Americanstudents spendmoretimeinclassthanpupilsinJapanandGermany.29 ,theygetmoreandwatchthesameamountofTV.Theproblem,educatorssay,isnotthekidsbutacurriculumthatistoo30 .ThestudyfoundthatlessonsforU.S.eighthgraderscontainedtopicsmasteredbyseventhgradersinothercountries.TeachersactuallyagreethatAmericansneedto theirkidstomoresophisticatedmathearlier.Unfortunay,expertssay,theteachersdon'trecognize theseconceptsaretaughtisasimportantastheconceptsthemselves.Mosteducatorsrely33 ontextbooksandrotelearning(死记硬背).Whilemanytextbookscover ideas,mostdososuperficially,35 studentswiththetechniquesbutnotthemasteryofthebroaderprinciples.A. B. C. D.A.the B.the C.the D.theA.figure B.carry C.count D.showA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. C. D.A.Tobegin B.AsisC.Notonly D.EvenA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.intentionallyC.consequentlyD.A. B. C.controversialD.A. B. C. D.2009（03）博2009（03）博入学考试英语试题Attitudesofrespect,modestyandfairycangrowonlyoutofslowlyacquiredskillsthatparentsteachtheirchildrenovermanyyearsthroughsharedexperienceandmemory.Ifachildreachesadulthood21 recollectionsonlyofevision,LittleLeagueandbirthdayparties,thenthatchildhaslittleto whenatruetestofcharactercomesup—say,ina(n)23 businesssituation." thatchildfeelsgroundedinwhoheisandwherehecomesfrom, elseisanact,"saysetiquetteexpertBettyJoTrakimas.TheDickmeyersofCarmel,na everyFridaynightas"familynight"withtheirthreechildren.Oftenthefamilyysboardgamesorhide-and-seek."Mychildrenloveit,"saysTheresa,theirmother.Canyinghide-and-seekreallyteachachildaboutmanners?Yes,saysTrakimasand27 ,becauseitellsthechildthathisparents timewithhim,heislovedandcanlearntoloveothers."Mannersaren'taboutusingthe29 fork,"Trakimasadds,"Mannersareaboutbeingkind—giving team-ying,makingtinysacrifices.Childrenlearnthat theirparents."Whilechildrendon't32 warmtotheideaoflearningtobepolite,there'snoreasonforthemtoseemannersasabunchofdreary either.They'rethebuildingblocksofachild'seducation." arule essecondnature,itsus,"Trakimassays.HowwellcouldTigerWoodsygolfifhehadto himselfoftheA. B. C. D.A.draw B.learn C.refer D.thinkA. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.theotheroneB. C.another D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.complimentsC. D.A. B. C. D.A,automaticallyB.determinedlyC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.rememberingD.2008（10）2008（10）博入学考试英语试题IoncemarriedamanIthoughtwastotallyunlikemyfatherandIimaginedawholenewworldofdom(21) Fiveyearslateritwascleareventome——floatingfacedowninawashofdespair thatIhadsimplychosena(n)(22)ofmyhandsomedaddy-Theupdated(23) spokeEnglishlikeanangelbutunderneathhewasmyfatherexactly:wonderful,butnottherightmanforme.MostpeopleIknowhaveatonetimeoranotherbeen(24)childhoodhobbies.Patternstendtosinkintotheunconsciousonlyto(25)

upby,disguised,unseen,likemarionette(牵线木偶)strings,pullingusthiswayorthat.Whateverailspeoplekeepsthemupatnight,tossingand(26) alsoailsmovementsnomatterhowhistoricallyhugeorpolitically(27) movementcannotremakeconsciousness,or(28) thefuture,without(29)andsheddingalltheunnecessaryanduglybaggageofthepast.It'seasyenoughnowtoseewheremenhavekept(30) outofclubs,baseballgames,graduateschools;it'seasyenoughtorecognizethehiddendirectionsthat(31)Sistocake-bakingandjuniortobridgebuilding.It'snowpossibleforevenMissAmericaherselfto(32) whattheyhavedonetous,and,ofcourse,theyhaveandtheydidandtheyare…(33) alongthewaywealsodevelopedourownhidden(34.) ,classassumptionsandananti-malehumorandcollectionofexpectationsthatgaveus,hikeall(35) groups,asecretsenseofsuperiorityco-existingwithapoorself-image.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A.sleeB. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.weighingC. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.opportunitiesC. D.A.consolidatedB. C. D.2008年博士入学考试英语试ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose61bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability. thequestionofattributionrequiresthe ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods，beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocused mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein andinmodels.Patternysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalogy ,andmakesitpossibletoachievemore67oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorTheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole68cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful69technique.Thebasicidea70pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent71causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto72afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange73bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible74onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are75thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric76ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe77ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe78ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodify79ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall80isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.61.A. B. C.in D.62.A. B. C. D.63.A. B. C. D.64.A. B. C. D.65.A. B. C. D.66.A. B.ornamentallyC. D.67.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C.concentrationsD.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.2007年博士入学考试英语试Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediaythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatsealevel.Nearlyone-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithin36ofacoastline.Mostoftheworld'sgreatseaportcitieswould56:NewOrleans,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairo.Somecountries—MaldivesIslandsinthenOcean,islandsinthePacific—wouldbeinundated.HeavilypopulatedcoastalareassuchasinBangladeshandEgypt,57largepopulationsoccupylow-lyingareas,wouldsufferextreme58.Warmeroceanswouldspawnstrongerhurricanesandtyphoons,59incoastalflooding,possiblyswamvaluableagriculturallandsaroundtheworld.60waterqualitymayresultas61floodingwhichssaltwaterintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingwaters,andirreceable,naturalcouldbefloodedwithoceanwater,destroyingforevermanyofthe63ntandanimalspecieslivingthere.Foodsand swouldbe64affected.Changesinrainfallpatternswoulddisruptagriculture.Warmertemperatures grain-growingregionspole-wards.Thewarmingwouldalsoincreaseandchangethepestnts,suchasweedsandtheinsects66thecrops.Humanhealthwouldalsobeaffected.Warmingcould67tropicalclimatebringingwithityellowfever,malaria,andotherdiseases.Heatstressandheatmortalitycouldrise.Theharmful68oflocalizedurbanairpollutionwouldverylikelybemoreseriousinwarmer69.Therewillbesome70fromwarming.Newsea-laneswillopenintheArctic,longergrowingseasonsfurthernorthwill71newagriculturallands,andwarmertemperaturewillmakesomeoftoday'scolderregionsmore72.Butthesebenefitswillbeinindividualareas.Thenaturalsystems—bothntandanimal—willbelessablethanmantocope73.Anychangeoftemperature,rainfall,andsealevelofthemagnitudenowwillbedestructivetonaturalsystemsandlivingthingsandhencetomanasThelistofpossibleconsequencesofglobalwarmingsuggestsveryclearlythatwemustdoeverythingwecannowtounderstanditscausesandeffectsandtotakeallmeasurespossibletopreventandadapttopotentialandinevitabledisruptionsbyglobal56.[A][B] [C][D]57.[A][B] [C][D]58.[A][B] [C][D]59.[A][B] [C][D]60.[A][B] [C][D]61.[A][B] [C][D]62.[A]dry-[B] [C][D]63.[A][B] [C][D]64.[A][B] [C][D]65.[A][B] [C][D]66.[A][B] [C][D]67.[A] modate[C][D]68.[A][B] [C][D][A] modation[C]surroundings[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C][D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2006年博士入学考试英语试Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor61toconsidertheroleofernment.ernmenthasapowerful62ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem63theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand64ofmosthighwaysthe65oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalernment,areprimarily66forbycountryorcityernments.andfireprotectionandsanitation67arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalernment.RegulationandControl.Theernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate68inmanyways,forthe69ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest70ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda71,suchasinephoneorelectricservice.Publicpermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable72,butlimitstheirabilitytoraise73,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis74toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugadministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof75infood.Inotherindustries,ernmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by76taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso77theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbytheernmentitself.DirectAssistance.The ernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs certainproductstoremainrelativelyofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Inquiteadifferentarea,ernmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequa ycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalfortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfare61.[A][B][C][D]62.[A][B][C][D]63.[A][B][C][D]64.[A][B][C][D][A]common [B]responsibility[C]conductivity[D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]ap [B] [C] [D][A] modate[C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]2010年北航博士入学考试英语试Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossible1ofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keepthe2,orpatentA3patentistheresultofabargain4betweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopolyandpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod5.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstances6thelifespanofapatent7toalterthisnormalprocessofevents.Thelongestextensionever8wastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent'snormallifetherewasnocolourTVto9andthusnohopeofrewardfortheBecauseapatentremainspermanently10afterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothe11officecontaindetailsoflillymillionsofideasthatareforanyonetouseand,if12thanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyone13toavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthrough14patentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistogiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform15invalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionally16totakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceis17onthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyoneclosely18inpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"new"ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,19makesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindevisionoriginate20thelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.[A] [B] [D[A] [D][A] [C] [D][