2023学年完整公开课版Categories of Tunneling Machines

ENGLISHFORSHIELDCONSTRACTIONUnitThree——CategoriesofTunnelingMachinesContentsTask2Task1Task3VocabularyHaveSomeFunCategoriesofTunnelingMachines专业词汇学习轻松一下掘进机的分类Seite3Task1：Vocabularycategoryn.分类classificationn.分类featuren.特色，特征，特点combinationn.结合，联合，组合reservev.保留，保存，预订abbreviationn.缩写，缩写词partiallyadv.部分地prototypen.原型manualshield手掘式盾构softgroundn.软土地层mechanicalshield机械式盾构rotatevt.旋转;adjacentadj.靠近的beavailablefor适用于….siltn.淤泥质土clayn.粘土latteradj.后者的pressurizedslurry带压泥浆

思考（复习）盾构的分类方式•

按断面形式分类•按直径不同分类•按支护地层的形式分类•按开挖面与作业室之间隔板的构造分类•

按施工环境分类按工作室隔板构造分类已淘汰

盾构的分类1.Knowwelltheexpressionoftheclassification

ofshieldmachine;

掌握盾构机分类的英语表达

2.GraspthefeaturesofEPBandSPB！

理解土压盾构和泥水盾构的特点objectives（目的）Task2:CategoriesofTunnelingMachinesTunnelingmachinescanbetunnelboringmachines(TBM),doubleshieldmachines(DSM),shieldmachines(SM)orcombinationmachines(KSM).Whiletheacronym“TBM”inEnglishwillbeusedforalltypesoftunnelingmachines,theGermanDAUBreservestheabbreviationforthehardrockmachines.doubleshieldmachines双护盾TBMcombinationmachines复合盾构while然而，虽然acronym首字母缩略词German德国的，德国人reserve保留，预定abbreviation缩写，缩写词hardrockmachine硬岩掘进机Task2:CategoriesofTunnelingMachinespartiallyclosedtypeshield半敞开式盾构closedtypeshield闭胸式盾构盾构opentypeshield敞开式盾构Task2:CategoriesofTunnelingMachinesShieldmachinescanbedividedintothreetypes:theopentypeshield,thepartiallyclosedtypeshieldandtheclosedtypeshield.盾构机分为3种类型：敞开式盾构机，半敞开式盾构机和闭胸式盾构机。固定短语：...bedividedinto.........被分为......OpenTypeShieldTheopentypeshieldisaprototype(雏形)

shieldand

['protə'taɪp]hasnobulkhead(土仓隔板).Manualshield(手掘式盾构),partiallymechanicalshield(半机械式盾构)

andmechanicalshield(机械式盾构)belongtothistype.敞开式盾构机是盾构机的雏形、并且没有土舱隔板。手掘式盾构、半机械式盾构和机械式盾构都属于这种类型。OpenTypeShieldmanualshield手掘式盾构partiallymechanicalshield半机械式盾构mechanicalshield

机械式盾构PartiallyClosedTypeShieldThepartiallyclosedtypeshieldhasabulkheadwithopeningswhichisadjacenttotunnelface.adjacent靠近的，与……毗连[ə'dʒeisnt]opening开口，洞，缺口半敞开式盾构机有一个带有开口的隔板，这个隔板靠近掌子面。ClosedTypeShieldTheclosedtypeshieldhasacutterheadandabulkhead.Slurryshieldandearthpressurebalancedshieldbelongtothistype.ClosedTypeShield

Thistypeshieldisavailableforsand,siltandclay,etc.beavailablefor适用于….，对….可用silt淤泥质土clay粘土sandclaysiltClosedTypeShieldWhatisthedifferencebetweenEPBandSPB?ClosedTypeShieldTheformer(Slurryshield)supportstunnelfacewithpressurizedslurry(带压力的泥浆).短语：support.....with......

用........支护(支撑)........

前者（泥水盾构）用带压力的泥浆支护掌子面。ClosedTypeShield练习support.....with......的用法

用管片支护洞壁supportcavitywithsegmentsClosedTypeShieldthelatterwithexcavatedsoil（渣土）.还原Earthpressurebalanceshieldsupportstunnelfacewithexcavatedsoil.土压平衡盾构机用切削下来的渣土支护掌子面。SomePracticalEnglish！Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）Somepopularsnacks(小吃)Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）

chipnutpopcornlollipopDidyoueatit?Somepopularsnacks(小吃)Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）beefjerkycookieseedsDidyoueatit?Somepopularsnacks(小吃)Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）spicyglutenfrieddoughtwistinstantnoodlesDidyoueatit?Theymakemymouthwater！Task3：HaveSomeFun（轻松一下）Tongue

Twister（绕口令英文版）

1.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.她在海滩卖海贝壳，她卖的贝壳是真的海贝壳。所以如果她卖的是海滩上的贝壳，那我确信她卖的是真的是海贝壳。taste（味道）spicy微辣slightlyspicy中辣hot特辣veryspicy吃火锅的表达Doyouwantslightlyspicypot?taste（味道）sweetsaltybittersourSmallStory（英语小故事）字面意思：被接纳！用法示例：

A:Areyouinsane?Howcanyoubelievethatgirlsoeasily?B:Ithoughtshelikedme?A:Likedyou,shewasjustplayingyouaround!B:Istilldon’tbelievethat!A:Wakeup,buddy,thatgirlwasheartless,andyouarejustasweetinnocentnaïveperson,youcouldbetakeninbyanyone!B:AmIsuchalooser?

A:No,youjusthaven’tfoundyourMrs.Rightyet!真实意思是“被欺骗”！betakenin!ExpressionofNumberFraction（分数）

1/2可以读为onehalf或oneovertwo。1/3是onethird，1/4是onefourth，但是注意1/2不能读成onesecond（一秒）。一个半小时，一般说成oneandahalfhours。注意几点：在日常生活中，用onequarter表示1/4比用onefourth更多一些；2/3要说twothirds,也就是说分母那个third要加s，不要忘记。另外，在数学中，也常将1/2说成oneovertwo，2/3说成twooverthree，且在表达比较复杂的分数的时候，比如17/820时，一般说成seventeenovereighthundredandtwenty。ExpressionofNumber1又1/23又2/322/3795/711/133又5/7

一个半苹果两瓶半水三张半白纸

两个半小时三分半钟两小时十五分钟PracticeExpressionofNumber时间的读法是先读时,再读分。像4:28读为fourtwenty-eight。至于整点的情况，读法就更简单了，4:00读为It’sfouro’clock，It’sfour或者It’sfoursharp。再比如4:05，一般不读成fourfive，而要读成fourofive或者更书面一些的fivepastfour，但是这类表示方法现在用的相对较少，人们更倾向用表达更方便的前者。3:50，可以都成threefifty，或者tentofour。美国军队里面也经常把整点读成**hundred，比如八点整也经常说成eighthundred。ExpressionofNumberPractice下午四点半晚上九点十分Sixhundreda.mSeventhirty

p.mTentoninea.m上午九点二十晚上十一点tenpasttenp.maquarterpasteighta.maquartertoninea.mMarchAprilAugustFebruaryNovemberDecemberExpressionofDateJanuaryOctoberMayJuneJulySeptemberMonth（月份）

日期是我们在日常生活中经常用到的数字之一。日期的写法可以采用基数词和序数词两种形式。例如：March1也可以写成March1st；May29也可以写成May29th。但是，日期的读法通常用序数词的形式。例如：October1（October1st）读作October（the）first（NationalDay国庆节）August26（August26th）读作August（the）twenty-sixth当然，万事都有特例，很多时候为了表示强调，我们也可以将May1st读成thefirstdayofmay（MayDay或LaborDay劳动节）。母亲节表达为thesecondSundayofmay（Mother’sDay）。ExpressionofDate翻译下列句子：我在2