寒假高三英语讲义答案

课堂讲义科目英语年级高三任课老师日期月日课次主讲内容/要点第1课次第一轮复习——名词从句教学目标1.重点名词词汇和词组整理；2.掌握句子组成成分并识别；教学难点1.名词和词组；2.句型分解法；教学方法句型分析法教学过程定义要点热点考向1名词词义辨析主要考点：高考命题对于名词的考查强调语言的语境应用，借助于真实的语言环境测试学生的运用词汇的能力。2.突破技巧：（1）平时要注重对常见名词用法的积累，了解其在各种语境下的应用，确保在考试时能手到擒来。（2）注意名词的熟词生义用法。在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。【真题变式】写出本句中point的含义。What’sthepoint,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself热点考向2抽象名词具体化表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词，还可以表示具体的人或物，可及不定冠词a(n)连用。常见的有：【真题变式】分析句子，写出comfort的用法。Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.热点考向3名词的固定搭配1.主要考点：（1）考查某些特定的名词固定短语搭配在具体语境中的用法。（2）常见的名词短语搭配：have/gainaccessto取得使用机会oconsideration把……考虑在内takeadvantageof利用makeroomfor为……腾出空间makecontactwith及……取得联系makeacompromise妥协，折中；做出让步catchsightof发现，突然看见beyondbelief难以置信的inthedistance在远处onconditionthat以……为条件，只要outofquestion毫无疑问inpossessionof拥有onthewhole从整体而言，总的来说2.突破技巧：在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以和不同语境下的应用。【真题变式】完成句子。Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.从Sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让人认不出了。名词性从句概念：在一个英语句子当中，特定的成份必须用名词性结构来表示。名词性结构分为两种：名词和名词从句。名词从句就是语法功能相当于名词或名词短语的从句。简而言之,它是一种用从句来代替名词的句型。考生常见问题:缺乏“名词意识”.(1).Savemoneyisbeneficialforone’slifeafterretirement.(X)Tosave/Savingmoneyisbeneficialforone’slifeafterretirement.(2).Therearemoreandmoreyoungcriminalsinthesocietyhasdrawntheattentionofmedia.(X)Therearemoreandmoreyoungcriminalsinthesocietywhichhasdrawntheattentionofmedia.修改：Somepeoplebelievethatmobilephoneshavetakentheplaceofwriteletters.Somepeoplebelievethatmobilephoneshavetakentheplaceofwritingletters.名词性从句重点句型What从句(Proverb)Dowhatyousay,saywhatyoudo.说到做到。Saywhatyoumean,meanwhatyousay.直抒胸臆。翻译：通过打工，我们获得的不仅仅是工作经验。它同样能帮助我们把在学校里学到的东西运用到实践当中。(ApplyAintoB)Throughpart-timejobs,weacquirednotonlytheexperience,butalsoappliedwhatwehadlearnedintopracticewiththeirhelp.2.What从句的加强版-Whatever/Whoever/all引导的从句翻译：我们无论做什么事都要把它做好。Whateverwearedoing,weshoulddoitwell.翻译：任何一个有责任感(asenseofresponsibility)的人都应该为自己的所作所为负责。Whoeverhasasenseofresponsibilityshouldberesponsibleforwhattheydoandsay.改写：目前除了通过高考我其他什么都不想。NowIdon’tthinkanythingexceptpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.WhateverbutpassingtheCollegeEntranceExaminationwon’tarousemyconcern.翻译：政府要做的就仅仅只是进一步落实(implement)该政策。Whateverthegovernmentdoesisjusttofurthertheimplementofthispolicy.3.主语从句的变形由连词that引导的主语从句，在实际使用中that从句一般由it做形式主语。Thatpracticemakesperfect(熟能生巧)isknowntous.(Rare)Itisknowntous/widelyacceptedthatpracticemakesperfect.(Common)Tip:在英语当中表示“据……”的句型一般都用Itis+过去分词+that引导的主语从句(一般表示某种情况。)据估计:Itisestimatedthat……据报道:Itisreportedthat…….从图表当中我们可以看到:Itcouldbenotedfromthegraphthat……主语从句高分句型：的确/确实……Itistruethat(Itisafactthat)+主语从句改错：环境问题确实很严重，但我认为还是可以解决的。Theenvironmentproblemisreallyserious,butIthinkwecanstillsolveit.Itisreallyaseriousproblemthattheenvironmentworsens,whichIthinkwecanstillsolve.表示“做……是重要/必要的”的时候,主语从句必须用虚拟语气(should+动词原型).Itisimportant/essential/vital/necessarythatsb/sth(should)dosth改错：在我看来,政府向老年人提供经济援助至关重要.AsfarasIamconcerned,itisessentialthatthegovernmentprovidesfinancialaidtotheaged.(X)AsfarasIamconcerned,itisessentialthatthegovernmentshouldfinanceaidsfortheaged.4.由疑问词(how,when,where,whether,why,who)等引导的名词性从句考生常见问题：(写作)很多人根本不明白存钱的目的何在.Manypeopledon’tknowwhatisthepurposeofsavemoney.(X)Manyyoungpeopledon’tknowwhatthepurposeofmoney-savingis.5.宾语从句：注意事项1：当主句的谓语是think,believe等时，如果后面跟的宾语从句要表示否定意思，则把谓语动词think,believe变成否定形式，宾语从句为肯定句形式。例句：我认为我们不应该允许大学生结婚。Ithinkweshouldnotallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.(X)Idon’tthinkweshouldallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.注意事项2：It作形式宾语的情况。有时可以用it来代替宾语从句作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放到句子后半部分。例句：(Before)PolicedepartmentsintheUnitedStatesandCanadaseethattheyrespondtocallsforhelpasquicklyaspossibleascentraltotheirrole.(After)PolicedepartmentsintheUnitedStatesandCanadaseeitascentraltotheirrolethattheyrespondtocallsforhelpasquicklyaspossible.(写作)有些人认为我们花则多钱在环保上面根本就是浪费时间。Somepeoplethinkthatwespendsomuchmoneyonenvironmentalprotectionissimplywasteoftime.(X)Somepeoplethinkitissimplywasteoftimetospendsomuchmoneyonenvironmentalprotection.6.表语从句：什么是表语－跟在be动词后面的成份。如Iamastudent当中I是主语，amastudent加在一起是谓语，而be动词am后面的astudent就是表语。考生常见问题:(写作)Themajorreasonwhyanimalsarefacingtheextinctionisbecausepeoplehavepaidlittleattentiontotheproblem.(X)Themajorreasonwhyanimalsarefacingtheproblemofextinctionisthatpeoplehavepaidlittleattentiontoit.7.同位语从句：特点：同位语从句一般跟在一些比较容易识别的“标志性”名词后，如：idea,fact,rumor,news,hope,belief,argument,thought,doubt等后面，在含义上对前面的这个名词的内容起进一步详细解释说明的作用，而在语法上则同这个名词处于相同语法地位，因此称为同位语从句。改错：Thefinancialconditioninmyfamilyisquitepoormotivatesmetostudyhard.Thefinancialconditionthatmyfamilyisquitepoormotivatesmetostudyhard.改写:Theheavyworkinthegovernmentwillinevitablyaffectwomen’sfamilylives.Forexample,mostfemaleemployeesintheU.Sgovernmentareeithersingleordivorced.Theheavyworkinthegovernmentwillinevitablyaffectwomen’sfamilylives,anevidenceforwhichisthatmostfemalesemployeesinthegovernmentareeithersingleordivorced.8.名词性从句之间的替换：Somepeoplebelievethatsomeunpaidcommunityservicesshouldbeacompulsorypartofhighschoolprograms.TowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeTowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreethatsomeunpaidcommunityserviceshouldbeacompulsorypartofhighschoolprograms.单元练习：1.一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。Whatoneisreallyabletohandleisthatanenterprisevaluesindeed.2.我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的.Idon’tthinkit(is)necessaryforustoinventanewlanguagetoreplaceEnglish(asaninternationalcommunicationtool).3.然而，关于它是一件好事还是坏事，人们有不同的态度。However,peopleholdvariousattitudestowardswhetheritdoesgoodorharm.4.很多国家的失业率在不断攀升这一事实是我们无法否认的。Wecan’tdenythatunemploymentrocketedoninmanycountries.5.在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。Beforeprovidingwithmyviewpoint,itisessential,Ithink,tolookatbothsides(prosandcons)oftheproblem.6.不同的人们对于全球化是否有利于经济的发展这个问题持有不同的看法.Opinionsvaryonwhetherglobalizationbenefitsordamagestheworldeconomyforpromotion.7.令人感到遗憾的是大多数人所在乎的仅仅就只是他们怎么样才能更多地赚到钱。Itisarealregretthatwhatmostofpeoplecareaboutishowtomakemoney.8.随着越来越多的妇女参及全职工作，由谁来照顾孩子已经成为了社会上的一个问题。Withmoreandmorewomentakingupfull-timejobs,itisbecomingasocialproblemwhoshouldcareforthechildren.

第三单元-定语从句一.定语从句的概念用一个主谓结构完整的句子作定语(定语的两种形式adj+n/n+定语从句)，修饰前面的名词，代词，短语，甚至是整个句子的从句。简单来说就是把从句放在某个单词/词组/句子后面来对其进行修饰。二.两个首先必须明确的概念：先行词和关系词KungFuPandaisthebestcartoonmovie(先行词)that/which(关系词)Ihavewatchedthisyear.注意：先行词未必永远都是定语从句之前的那一个单词，有的时候先行词及定语从句之间插入了别的成份，这个时候就必须通过上下文意思来寻找先行词。(阅读)TherehasbeenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithdependentchildrenwhoareinthepaidworkforceinAustralia.Q:WhichgroupofpeoplehasseenasignificantincreaseinnumberinAustralia三.定语从句的分类定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。限制性定语从句：EnglandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicizedCopernicanideas(哥白尼学说)withenthusiasm.(剑桥5Test2ReadingPassage3)(阅读)OnenewkeyboardincludedkeyswhichproducedletterswhichfrequentlyoccurtogetherinEnglish,like–ingand–thand–ed,sotheword“thing”wouldtaketwostrokestowriteinsteadoffive.特点:(1).从句对先行词起限制作用，说明先行词必须如此，不能超出这个限制。先行词往往属于“集合”而非“元素”,并且它所表示的内容往往及先行词关系密切，必不可少。少了它，句子往往就会成为一句废话。(2).关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对没有逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句：Suchexpansion,whichwastotaketheEnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeasttoIndia,wassupportedbyscientificdevelopmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnetism(磁力).(阅读)Itisverylikelythatthekeyboard,whichwehaveusedforoveracentury,willsoonbereplacedbyvoice-activatedcomputerswhichtakedictation(听写)aswespeaktothem.Tip:在阅读中，遇到定语从句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。特点:(1).非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词(一般为“元素”)作进一步的解释和补充说明。如果把非限制性定语从句从句子中去掉，整个句子的意思不会受到很大影响。(2).关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对有逗号隔开。ThemetalindustrywasestablishedatRiversideVillagebyresidents,wholivedinthearea.定语从句和先行词之间有没有逗号，会直接决定句子意思的不同。试比较以下两个句子意思的不同：1.Intermsofexceptions,scientistsrefertothewaveswhicharetoosmallindividuallytoconsider.说到例外的情况，科学家们指的是那些太微不足道的波。2.Intermsofexceptions,scientistsrefertothewaves,whicharetoosmallindividuallytoconsider.说到例外情况，科学家们就会提到波，（因其）太微不足道了。(写作)不少人认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。QuiteanumberofpeoplebelievethattelevisionswillbereplacedbycomputersQuiteanumberofpeoplebelievethatsomedaytelevisionswillbecompletelyreplacedbycomputersthatarewidelyused(bypeople)nowadays.注意：这个句子必须用定语从句表示。四.不同关系词的用法1.关系代词which的用法续写：WhatisyourfavoritesparetimeactivityIusuallychoosetorelaxmyselfbywatchingAmericanTVseriesinmysparetime,IusuallychoosetorelaxmyselfbywatchingAmericanTVserieswhichIalwaysdoinmysparetime.续写：DoyoungpeopleinyourcountrylivebythemselvesorwiththeirparentsAsfarasIknow,manypeopleofmyagelivewiththeirparentsnotbecausetheywanttobutbecausetheyhaveto.AsfarasIknow,manypeopleofmyagelivewiththeirparentswhichtheydon’twanttobuthaveto.续写：WhatleisureactivitiesarepopularinyourcountryAsfarasIknow,manyofChinesepeopleusuallydosports,goshoppingorkilltimeinKTV,whicharepopularleisureactivitiesamongmostofus.由which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词对应的不仅可以是一个词或短语，也可以是主句的一部分甚至一个完整的句子。而在限制性定语从句中which就绝对不能用于修饰一个句子。翻译：Mybrotherisabook-worm,whendeeplyabsorbedinhisbooks,whichheoftenis,hewillforgetabouteverything.我兄弟是个书呆子，当他完全沉迷于书堆，一般往往如此，他会忘记一切。Iamquiteanoutgoingperson,whichmybrotherisnot.我是个相当外向的人，而我兄弟却不是。(阅读理解)Fathersspendlesstimeinhouseworkandchildcare,whichisregardedbysomescientistsasamajorcontributortothestress-relatedanxietyofemployedmothers.爸爸们很少花时间操持家务和照看孩子，而他们却是科学家们认为的减轻工作妈妈压力的主要力量。续写：要解决交通问题，我们首先要解决的第一个问题就是日益增加的私车数量，我认为这是造成交通问题的最主要原因。Tosolvethetrafficproblem,whatweshouldfirstdealwithisthedailyincreasingnumbersofprivatecars,whichIthinkisthemajorcause.2.由who/whom/whose引导的定语从句用法：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语，表语时用whom,表示所属关系时用whose。它们所引导的定语从句既可以是限制性定语从句也可以是非限制性定语从句。Describeyouridol(偶像).Myidolis…,________________________________________________________________.MyidolisC.Ronaldo,whostartedfromslamyetmadegreatachievementsinthesoccerfield.续写：Describeapersonthatyourespectthemost.我的父亲是一个教了30多年书的教师，他是我最尊敬的人。Myfatherisanexperiencedteacherwhohastaughtfor30yearsandwinsmybestrespect.组合：(1)RainisaKoreanSinger.(2).Iappreciatehimverymuch.(3).HispopularityissecondtononeinAsia.RainisaKoreansingerwhomIappreciateverymuch,whosepopularityissecondtononinAsia.3.关系词when的用法When引导的定语从句通常用在表示时间的名词或短语如time,year,day后面，它引导的定语从句既可以是限制性也可以是非限制性定语从句。例句：(写作)DescribeanimportantChinesefestival.SpringFestivalisthetimewhenallthefamilymemberscomebackhomeandgettogetherinChina.(限制性定语从句)InChina,themostimportanttraditionalfestivalisSpringFestival,whenallthefamilymemberswouldcomebackhomeandgettogether.(非限制性定语从句)错误观念：凡是先行词是time/day等时间概念，关系词就一定是when。(1).我永远忘不了我第一次见到她的那一天。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetherforthefirsttime.(2).我永远忘不了我在上海和她度过的那些日子。IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithherinShanghai.(X)练习：(写作)Describeadaythatisspecialtoyou.Asforme,themostimportantdaythatIadoreisThanks-givingDaywhenpeopleexpressgratitudetowhohelpandsupportthemever.(写作)AtwhatagedopeopleinyourcountrygetmarriedIngeneral,theageof20forgirlsand23forboysisatimewhentheyarepermittedtogetmarriedbylaw.4.关系词where的用法关系词where引导的定语从句通常用在表示地点的名词或短语后，如place,thecity等。它引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的也可以是非限制性的。例句：（阅读）Nylonisaverytoughsyntheticfiber(人造纤维)firstdevelopedinthe1930s,andbearinganametoremindthehearerofthetwoplaceswhereitwasdeveloped:NYforNewYorkandLonforLondon.(阅读)Thepowerplantsareusuallylocatedoutsidethecity,whereairqualityproblemsarelessserious.(写作)DoyouspendyourfreetimewithotherpeopleYes.SometimesIwouldinvitemyfriendstohaveacupofcoffeeinStarbucks,YoungChinesepeoplelikemelovetospendsometimeinStarbuckswhereweusuallygettogetherwithlong-lostfriends,meetnewguysandsharecommoninterestswitheachother.(写作)Talkaboutashoppingcenteryouarefamiliarwith.Whenitcomestofavoriteshoppingcenters,I’dsayWalmart,whereIusuallyspenttimewithmymotherdiscussingwhattopurchaseamongthevarietyofcommodities,meanwhile,killingtimeofweekends.五.定语从句的变形形式1.be动词定语从句的变形如果关系词which/who/that在定语从句中做主语，后面跟的谓语动词是be动词，则可以将关系词和be动词一起省略。这种用法在阅读和写作中非常普遍。(阅读)Scientistsareseekingadrug(whichis)abletoprolonglife.2.实义动词定语从句的变形关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语且紧跟在其后的谓语动词为实义动词时，可以省略关系词，此时谓语动词变为ing分词。Research,relatingtoidenticaltwins,hashighlighted(突显出)howsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual’slife.定语从句变形形式的特点：(1).只能用于关系词在定语从句中作主语的情况。(2).特别适合用于多重定语从句组合：(1).DavidBeckhamisafootballplayer.(2).DavidBeckhamisfamousforhishandsomeness.(3).DavidBeckhamisenjoyinggreatpopularityinChina.DavidBeckhamisafootballplayerfamousforhishandsomenessandenjoyinggreatpopularityinChina.六.常见定语从句长句分析(1).PresidentKennedywantedpeoplewhoraisedquestions,whocriticized,onwhosejudgmenthecouldrely,whopresentedanintelligentpointofview,regardlessoftheirrankorviewpoint.肯尼迪总统需要可靠的、好问、独立思考的人，不管他们属于哪个阶层，持何种观点，往往都有真知灼见。(2).Smartcards,whichcancarryasmuchas80timesmoreinformationonthemthanconventionalcardswithamagneticstripe(磁条),arealreadywidelyusedinEuropeancountrieswherecentralizedbankscanrollout(转入)newservicesonanationwidebasis.智能卡，相比传统磁条卡，能多储存80倍信息量，已在欧洲各国广泛使用，这些国家的中央银行在全国范围内推出全新服务。(3).Howwellthepredictionwillbevalidated(证实)bylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.预测经证实的准确率有赖于所获取信息的数量、可靠性、准确性以和它所整合的技术和智力支持。(4).Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.行为学家证明孩子在有助于发展他（她）准确应答的刺激存在的环境中成长起来会获得巨大的智力提升。(5).Topofthelistsurelymustcomecompetence—theattributethathasbeenmostsorelylackingintheBushadministration,whetherintheplanningforpost-warIraq,theresponsetoHurricaneKatrinaorthemanagementofthefederalbudget,whichGeorgeBush,likeareverseKingMidas,hastransmutedfroma$240billionsurplustoa$160billiondeficit.居首的必须是最有能力的，也是布什政府一直急缺的助力，不管是规划伊拉克战后恢复，应对卡特里娜飓风还是联邦预算的管理，特别是在乔治布什如贪得无厌的米达斯王般的把赤字从两千四百亿美金减到一千六百亿美金。*通过非限制性定语从句猜测生词(1).Anotherinterest-basedprocedureismediation,inwhichathirdpartyassiststhedisputants,thetwosidesinthedispute,inreachingagreement.调停过程；第三方协助纠纷双方达成协议。(2).Themosttypicalrightsprocedureisadjudication,inwhichdisputantspresentevidenceandargumentstoaneutralthirdpartywhohasthepowertomakeadecisionthatmustbefollowedbybothdisputants.裁定；纠纷双方举证，中立第三方有权做出裁定，纠纷双方必须遵从。练习环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。Environmentalprotectionis,uptillnow,awidelydiscussedtopicbythepublic.有的孩子从来不做家务，这使得他们越来越依赖他们的父母。Manychildrenneverdohousechores,whichmakesthemmoreandmoredependentontheirparents.我计划于2018年开办一家自己的公司，到那时候我已经是个大学毕业生了。Iplantorunacompanyofmyownintheyearof2018,whenI’llbeacollegegraduate.最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛（BaLi），在那里我有生以来第一次体验了潜水。ThemostthrillingjourneywasinBaliIsland,whereIexperienceddivingforthefirsttimeduringmylife.

第四单元-状语从句一.目的状语从句高分句型1.目的状语从句的连接词包括sothat,inorderthat,incase,lest。2.实例：(阅读)In1986theInternationalOlympicCommitteechangedtheschedulesothatthesummerandwintergameswouldbeheldindifferentyears.(阅读)However,nomatterwhichlifestyledopeoplechoose,thechosenoneshouldbeinsistedlestourbiologicalclockmightgetconfused.(写作)我认为应该鼓励老人住养老院(nursinghouse)，这样才能受到专业的照顾。Ithinkseniorcitizensshouldbeencouragedtoliveinanursinghousesothattheycanbewellcaredbyprofessionalservices.(写作)Sportsstarsshouldbepaidwithhighsalaries(1)ontheonehand,mostofathleteshaveundertakenyearsofstricttrainingandefforts,(2)ontheotherhand,theyrepresentthebestskillsoftheirteamornation,thusmakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentinthefieldandbringingreatglorieswiththem.三.结果状语从句高分句型1.结果状语从句的连接词包括so…that…，such…that…等。2.such+a+adj+n及so+adj+a+n句型的互换例句：(口语)Mybrotherissuchaforgetfulpersonthatheisalwaysforgettingsomethingimportant.Mybrotherissoforgetfulapersonthatheisalwaysforgettingsomethingimportant.(口语)Howdidyoucomeherethismorning我早上是坐地铁一号线来的。地铁一号线巨挤无比，我每次坐都几乎无法呼吸。Icameherebymetrolineoneinthemorning.whichisusuallysofullycrowdedthatIalmostgetsuffocatedduringthetravel.3.结果状语从句的倒装So…that等引导的结果状语从句有时为了强调，加强语气，还可以倒装。基本结构为：so引导的表语，状语(adj/adv)+be动词/助动词+剩余部分(写作)Sogreatisthepowerofmoderntechnologiesthattheyhavechangedourwayoflife,moreorless.(口语)Sofastdoesoursocietychangethatwesometimessimplyhavenoideawhatitwillbeliketomorrow.四.让步状语从句高分句型1.让步状语从句的连接词包括：Although,though,inspiteof(高分句型),eventhough(evenif),nomatter。2.让步状语从句的倒装结构:adj/adv/n+though/as+主语+谓语动词(1).After:Simpleasitmaysoundtosolvetheproblem,actuallyitinvolvesmanyobstacles.Before:Itmaysoundsimpletosolvetheproblem,actuallyitinvolvesmanyobstacles.(2).Before:Althoughwehavetriedhard,thereisnoclearsignthatthisproblemwillbesettledsoon.After:Hardaswehavetried,thereisnoclearsignthatthisproblemwillbesettledsoon.(写作)尽管如今养宠物很普遍，我仍然认为这会带来很多问题。Prevailingaskeepingpetsis,Istillholdthatitwouldbringalotofproblems.五.比较状语从句1.比较状语从句的连接词:than,as2.比较状语从句常见错误：比较对象不一致(图表作文)在2013年，政府用于基础设施的资金是2012年的两倍。错误例句：In2013,thefundthegovernmentspentoninfrastructurewastwiceasmuchas2012.正确例句：In2013,thefundthegovernmentspentoninfrastructurewastwiceasmuchasthatof2012.六.高分状语从句句型－with引导的伴随状语结构：主句(总)+with+n+doingsth(具体对象)(图表作文)从1990年到2000年，该数值持续增长，而其中又以1998年增幅最大。Thefigurehasbeenincreasingfrom1990to2000,with1998seeingthemostevidentrise.(写作)孩子的成长会受到众多因素的影响,而其中又以父母扮演的角色最为关键.Children’sgrowthisaffectedbymanyfactors,withtheirparentsplayingthemostessentialrole.(写作)媒体对于名人私生活的过份报导已经酿成了不少的悲剧,而其中又以黛安娜王妃的例子最为典型.Media’soverreportingofcelebrities’privateliveshasresultedinquiteanumberoftragedies,withtheissueofPrincessDiana(being)themosttypical.(写作)Describeacityyouhavevisited.NootherplacecanreplaceHangzhouasthemostattractivedestinationthatI’veeverbeento.AsoneoftheonlytwocitiesknownasfairylandintheHeavensbesidesSuzhou,thelatter,however,lacksamostcomfortablelivingconditionsasHangzhouhas.Forcenturies,itnurturesspiritsofSoutheasternChinesepeopleandexiststhroughtimesandtideswithahistoryofthousandsyears.Appearingharmoniousandtranquil,avarietyoftypicalbuildingssitbetweensilkyriversandgorgeoushills,withpeoplelivinginpeace,makingavividlifetothepicturesquelandscape.Onviewingthewonderfulspectacles,hardlycanIhelpexpressingmyadmirationforitssweetnessandrichness.NeverhaveIeverexperiencedsoelegantapanoramathatunconsciouslyIcan’tclosemymouthandmyeyeswidelyopen.Whatascenery!第五单元-非谓语动词一.不定式1.不定式的基本结构：to+动词原型特点：不定式的一般形式表示的动作，通常及谓语所表示的动作/状态同时（或几乎同时发生）发生或在其将来发生。例句：Iamverygladtohearfromyou.（动作同步发生。）TheywereinvitedtovisittheU.Knextyear.(不定式在谓语动作后发生)2.不定式的完成式概念：如果不定式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，不定式要用完成式。Youareluckytohavefoundeachother.(FromFriends)(写作)很抱歉给你添了则多麻烦.I’msorrytohavecausedyousomuchtrouble.3.不定式的否定结构：例句：为了不使得环境问题更加严重,在城市里应该进一步禁止使用汽车.(写作)Autouseincitiesshouldbefurtherlimitedinordernottoaddtotheworseningenvironmentalproblems.4.注意事项当主语是不定式且不定式较长时，常常用it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句子后部。例句：(阅读)Itisquitecommonthesedaysforyoungpeopleinmanycountriestohaveabreakfromstudyingaftergraduatingfromhighschool.(写作)我们有必要认识到环境保护的重要性。典型错误：Wearenecessarytoknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.正确写法：Itisnecessaryforustorealizetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.(写作)为了不让这样的悲剧重演,我们有必要在城市采取更多治安措施.Itisnecessaryforustotakemoresocialsecuritymeasurestoavoidsuchtragedieshappeningagain.二.动名词1.动名词基本结构：动词+ing2.句子的名词化例句：他的不辞而别让老板很生气。Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Thatmadethebossangry.Hisleavewithoutinforminghim/soundlessleavemadehisbossveryangry.(写作)我认为孩子表现恶劣是家长的过错。Ithinkittheirparentsfaultthatchildrenbehavebadly.(写作)不少人认为写信被使用手机所取代是不可避免的趋势。Quiteanumberofpeoplebelievethatusingcellphoneswilltaketheplaceofwritinglettersisaninevitabletrend.(续写)DoyoucookathomeIfavoritthatinmysparetimeIcookathome,asitprovidesmewithpleasureandskillpractising,moreover,itrelaxesmefromthementalstressthatburdensofworkforcedmetostrugglethrougheverydaylife.3.动名词值得注意的一些特殊形式Beingdone(被动)，havingdone(完成式)，havingbeendone(完成被动式)Thecriminalwassentencedtodeathforhavingkilled5innocentpeople.(完成式)(写作)电脑游戏经常被指责造成了无数学生沉迷于其中从而忽视学习。PCgamesareoftencriticizedforhavingcausednumerousstudentstobeindulgedinthemandneglectstudy.4.动名词在句子中的不同成份(1).动名词作主语注意：动名词或动名词短语作主语时，可以用形式主语it代替它放在主语位置而把动名词短语调整到句子的后半部分。例句：Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.(2).动名词作宾语*必须记住以下固定用动名词作宾语搭配的动词Finish,Stop,can’thelp,mind,admit,deny,enjoy,putoff,delay,practice,fancy,goon/keepon(写作)为了大多数人的健康着想，我认为政府有责任要求人们停止吸烟。Inmyopinion,itisthegovernment’stasktoaskpeopletostopsmokingforthesakeofmostpeople’shealth.(口语)我真后悔当时没有听他的劝告。Iregretnothavingfollowedhisadvice.三.分词1.分词的分类：现在分词(exciting)，过去分词(excited)注意：动名词及现在分词的区别－前者用来代替名词，如Studyinghardisimportant.后者一般用来代替形容词或副词起修饰作用。2.分词的用法A.表示谓语动作发生时伴随着发生的动作或状况：Westoodtherewatchingthegame.Aftersupper,Iusuallysitdownreadingnewspapersbeforegoingtobed.(阅读)Factoriesdischargetheirwaste,untreated,intoseasandrivers.规律总结：现在分词用来表示伴随的主动语态，过去分词用来表示伴随的被动语态。B.表示原因(翻译)WhydidyouchooseyourcurrentmajorRealizingEnglishwillplayasignificantroleinthefuture,Idecidedtochooseitasmymajor.(写作)DescribeakindofbirdBeingfondofitsfancycolorsandgentlemoves,Ialwaysregardthepeacockasmyfavoriteanimal.Onceinspiredbystimuli,itwillshowoffandexposeitsbeautifulfan-liketailstotheexcitedspectators.3.分词的时态变化(写作)DescribeanembarrassingexperienceHavingbeenlostinastrangeforest,Ioncehadgreattroublefindingmywayout.Thestorybeganwithanadventureexploringanunknownwoods.Expectingtodiscoverawonderoutofmycuriosity,Ihikedintothetreesalonewithouthesitation.4.利用分词拓展简单句(写作)Describeabandgroupthatyoulike.IhavebeenalwaysworshipingthebandBeyondeversincespottingaliveperformanceoftheirsonTV,whentheleadsingerwithhisexcellentbandmembers,singinganddancingwithalltheirenergy,arousedhighspiritsoftheiraudienceincludingme.

专题篇技巧讲解完形填空设计思路和命题特点了解高考完形填空题的设计思路和命题特点对考生顺利解题有着重要的指导意义。现行的《全国统一考试英语科说明》对做完形填空题的要求是“……从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整”。这个要求反映了该题型的主要优点在于它能够多层次、全方位地考查学生综合运用语言知识的水平。因此，这一题型涉和的知识面广，综合性强，覆盖面大，它不仅能真实反映出考生的语言知识水平，而且还能反映出考生的理解能力、逻辑推理能力以和综合运用语言、驾驭语言知识的能力。高考完形填空题一般具有如下设计思路和命题特点：1、对逻辑意义理解能力的考查纵观近几年的高考完形填空题，不难发现完形填空题对上下文语境理解的考查题几乎占整个题型的一半，这足以说明此类题在完形填空题中所占的比重之大。例：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir1.Thiswasthebeginningofanother2dayinNewYorkCity.3thisdaywastobedifferent.()1.A.jobsB.homesC.usesD.offices()2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary()3.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Thus2、对常用习语搭配和惯用法的考查这些重要的短语也是放在短文的语境中去考查，而不是简单的记忆考查。例1：Scientistsaredoingaresearch1her.()1.A.forB.byC.toD.on例2：Whenshewantstobepicked1,Washoepointsupwithonefinger.()1.A.outB.atC.onD.up3、对句式结构或句型的考查特别是考查对复杂的句式结构的分析理解，是备受命题人青睐的。例1：Waiting1thecrowdedstreets,ontopofa2110storieshigh,wasPhilippe.()1.A.forB.inC.byD.above()2.A.roofB.positionC.wallD.building例2：Itwastoohighto1.Aftersheconsideredthe2,shegotatallboxtostand3.Thefoodwasstilltoohightobereached.()1.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach()2.A.problemB.positionC.foodD.ceiling()3.A.byB.onC.upD.with4、对词汇的意义及用法的考查有些小题，仅读懂了全文还不能确定答案，还要准确掌握词汇的意义和熟练掌握词汇的用法。尤其是词汇的意义，对其内涵、、外延、褒贬、修辞色彩等都要有所了解和积累，要善于在具体的语境中分辨词汇的具体意义，切忌望文生义。例1：Shewentfromroomtoroom,checking,andfoundhercameraandsparewatch1.()1.A.losingB.missingC.leavingD.disappearing例2：…Washoefounda1pole.Thensheclimbedontothe2;graspedthepole,and3downthefoodwiththepole.()1.A.straightB.strongC.longD.big()2.A.wallB.boxC.ceilingD.pole()3.A.knockedB.shockC.tookD.picked5、对通篇理解、全方位思考问题能力的考查这主要包括两个方面：有时候根据小题本身不能确定答案，似乎几个选项都正确。其实，正确的答案在上文已有信息提示。例：1washeardoutsideasthe2felltothefloorandthehandwaspulledback.()1.A.Asadvoice B.AstrangenoiseC.AwarningshoutD.Asharpcry()2.A.key B.kettle C.door-lock D.wire还有一些题目需要根据下文的暗示才能确定答案。这种暗示有时是直接的，即直接出现正确选项的单词；有时是间接地，考生要根据内容来推断正确的答案。例1：ThisdaringFrenchmanwasaboutto1atightropebetweenthetwotowersoftheWorldTradeCenter.()1.A.throwB.walkC.climbD.fix例2：Onceshewasputina1withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.()1.A.caveB.zooC.roomD.museum答题技巧完形填空的体裁多是夹叙夹议的文章，题材则是以生活哲理、启迪励志的内容为主，也有时是社会问题。在通读时，首先要看