高中英语阅读训练习题及答案

A(words:311&225)TheBritishNationalHealthService(NHS)wassetupin1948andwasdesignedtoprovideequalbasichealthcare,freeofcharge,foreverybodyinthecountry.Beforethistimehealthcarehadtobepaidforbyindividuals.NowadayscentralgovernmentisdirectlyresponsiblefortheNHSalthoughitisadministeredbylocalhealthauthorities.About83percentofthecostofthehealthserviceispaidforbygeneraltaxationandtherestismetfromtheNationalInsurancecontributionspaidbythoseinwork.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,areexemptfrompayment.Mostpeopleareregisteredwithalocaldoctor(aGP,orGeneralPractitioner)whoisincreasinglylikelytobepartofahealthcentrewhichservesthecommunity.AsthepopulationofBritaingetsolder,thehospitalservicenowtreatsmorepatientsthanbefore,althoughpatientsspendlesstimeinhospital.NHShospitals—manyofwhichwerebuiltinthenineteenthcentury—providenearlyhalfamillionbedsandhaveover480,000medicalstaff.TheNHSisthebiggestemployerinEuropealthoughBritainactuallyspendslessperpersononhealthcarethanmostofherEuropeanneighbours.Duringthe1980stherewasconsiderablerestructuringoftheHealthServicewithanincreasedemphasisonmanagerialefficiencyandtheprivatizationofsomeservices(forexample,cleaning).Attheendofthe1980sthegovernmentintroducedproposalsforfurtherreformoftheNHS,includingallowingsomehospitalstobeself-governing,andencouragingGPstocompeteforpatients.PatientswouldbeabletochooseandchangetheirfamilydoctormoreeasilyandGPswouldhavemorefinancialresponsibility.ThepoliticalquestionscontinueofhowmuchmoneyshouldbeprovidedtosupporttheNHSandwhereitshouldcomefrom.41.Wecanknowfromthefirstparagraphthat______________.A.theoriginalaimoftheNHSwastoprovideequalbasichealthcareforeverybodyB.peopledidn’thavetopayforhealthcaresincetheNHSwassetupC.patientswerechargedforreceivinghealthcarebefore1948D.theNHSwasanorganizationwhichgavefreeadvicetovillagers42.WhatdoweknowabouttheNHS?A.It’smanagedbythecentralgovernment.B.ItscostismainlypaidforbytheNationalInsurancecontributions.C.IthiresmorepeoplethananyotherunitinEurope.D.Fewerpatientsgotoitshospitalsthanbeforebecausetheyspendlessonhealthcare.43.AllthefollowingstatementsaboutGPsaretrueexceptthatthey____________.A.takecareofthelocalpeople’shealthB.oftentakepartincompetitionstoseewhoisthebestC.workunderhighpressurenowadaysD.havemoreresponsibilitiesthanbefore44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?A.suffering B.different C.prevented D.free45.ThebiggestproblemfortheNHSis______________.A.manyhospitalsaretoooldtobeusedB.someservicesareinthechargeofindividualsC.moreandmorepatientsgotoGPsfortreatmentD.thereisnotenoughmoneyforfurtherreform【答案与解析】41—45CCBDD 国家保健中心由中心政府干脆负责，但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民供应免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。41.C。细微环节理解题。依据最终一自然段最终一句可知，建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民供应免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对全部的人，所以前两项错误。42.C。细微环节理解题。依据第4自然段“TheNHSisthebiggestemployerinEurope…”可知。从其次自然段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中心政府干脆负责，但由地方当局管理，所以A项错误。43.B。细微环节理解题。依据最终一自然段话“andencouragingGPstocompeteforpatients”可知政府激励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高超。44.D。揣测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病须要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。45.D。细微环节理解题。依据最终一自然段最终一句可知。BParentshavetodomuchlessfortheirchildrentodaythantheyusedtodo，andhomehasbecomemuchlessofaworkshop.Clothescanbeboughtreadymade;washingcangotothelaundry;foodcanbebought;cooked，cannedorpreserved;breadisbakedanddeliveredbythebaker;milkarrivesonthedoorstep;meatscanbehadattherestaurant，thework’scanteen，andtheschooldining-room.Itisunusualnowforfathertopursuehistradeorotheremploymentathome，andhischildrenrarely，ifever，seehimathisplaceofwork.Boysarethereforeseldomtrainedtofollowtheirfather’soccupation，andinmanytownstheyhaveafairlywidechoiceofemploymentandsodogirls.Theyoungwage-earneroftenearnsgoodmoney，andsoonacquiresafeelingofeconomicindependence.Intextileareasithaslongbeencustomaryformotherstogoouttowork，butthispracticehasbecomesowidespreadthattheworkingmotherisnowanotunusualfactorinachild’shomelife，thenumberofmarriedwomeninemploymenthavingmorethandoubledinthelasttwenty-fiveyears.Withmotherearningandhisolderchildrendrawingsubstantialwagesfatherisseldomthedominantfigurethathestillwasatthebeginningofthecentury.Whenmotherworks,economicadvantagesaccrue，butchildrenlosesomethingofgreatvalueifmother’semploymentpreventsherfrombeinghometogreetthemwhentheyreturnfromschool.41.Thewritermentionshomeasworkshopbecause______.A.fathersoftenpursueemploymentathomeB.parentshadtomakefoodandnecessitythemselvesfortheirdaily-lifeC.manyfamiliesproducegoodsathomeforsaleD.bothfathersandmothersandmothersinmostfamiliesareworkers答案：B。细微环节理解题。解析：从第一段可知。42.Thewritersaysthathomehasbecomemuchlessofaworkshop.Hemeans______.A.inthepast,homewasmorelikeaworkshopB.homeismuchmoreofaworkshopnowC.home-workshopsarebecomingfewerandfewerD.homewaslesslikeaworkshopinthepast答案：A。推理推断题。解析：从第一句“Parentshavetodomuchlessfortheirchildrentodaythantheyusedtodo，andhomebecomemuchlessofaworkshop.”和下文所述可知，过去日常生活所需大部分都由自己做，“家”就如aworkshop一样。43.Theword“accrue”inthesentence“Whenmother...accrue，”isclosestinmeaningto__________________.A.change B.dwindle C.double D.increase答案：D。词义揣测题。解析：从“Whenmotherworks,economicadvantagesaccure.”可推断出。44.Thechiefreasonthatboysareseldomtrainedtofollowtheirfather’soccupationis___________________.A.thatchildrennowadaysrarelyseetheirfathersattheirplaceofworkB.thatfathersdonotliketopursueemploymentathomeanymoreC.thatthereisawidechoiceofemploymentforchildrenD.thatchildrenalsoliketohavejobsoutside答案：C。推理推断题。解析：由“...inmanytownstheyhaveafairlywidechoiceofemploymentandsodogirls.Theyoungwage-earneroftenearnsgoodmoney...”可知答案。45.Whatmakesfathernolongertheonlydominantpersoninafamily?A.Withtheirearning，motherandchildrendonotneedtodependonfatherfortheirlife.B.Therearemanychoiceofemploymentformothersandchildren.C.Fatherdoesmuchlessforhischildrentodaythanheusedto.D.Thenumberofmarriedwomeninemploymenthasincreasedgreatlynow.答案：A。细微环节理解题。解析：见其次段“Withmotherearningandhisolderchildrendrawingsubstantialwagesfatherisseldomthedominantfigurethathestillwasatthebeginningofthecentury.”。C（words:190&203）Artificial(假的)flowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterials,suchaswaxandglass,soskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.Inmakingsuchmodels,painstakingandartistryarecalledfor,aswellasthoroughknowledgeofplantstructure.ThecollectionofglassflowersintheBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversityisthemostfamousinNorthAmericaandiswidelyknownthroughoutthescientificworld.Inall,thereareseveralthousandmodelsincoloredglass,theworkoftwoartist-naturalists,LeopoldBlaschkaandhissonRudolph.TheintentionwastohavethecollectionrepresentatleastonememberofeachflowerfamilynativetotheUnitedStates.Althoughitwasnevercompleted.Itcontainsmorethansevenhundredspeciesrepresenting164familiesoffloweringplants,agroupoffruitsshowingtheeffectoffungusdiseases,andthousandsofflowerpartsandmagnifieddetails.Everydetailoftheseisaccuratelyreproducedincolorandstructure.Themodelsarekeptinlockedcasesastheyaretoovaluableandfragileforclassroomuse.51.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnExtensiveCollectionofGlassFlowersB.TheLivesofLeopoldandRudolphC.FlowersNativetotheUnitedStatesD.MaterialUsedforArtificialFlowers52.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthegoalofLeopoldandRudolphwasto______________.A.createabotanicalgardenwhereonlyexoticflowersgrewB.doathoroughstudyofplantstructureC.makeacopyofonememberofeachUnitedStatesflowerfamilyD.showthatglassaremorerealisticthanwaxflowers53.Theunderlinedword“it”refersto______________.A.theintentionB.thecollectionC.onemember D.eachflowerfamily54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthedisplayattheBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversity?A.Modelsof164familiesoffloweringplants.B.Magnifieddetailsofflowerparts.C.Severalspeciesofnativebirds.D.Agroupofdiseasedfruits.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheflowersatHarvardUniversity?A.Theyformacompletedcollection.B.Theyhaveamarvelousfragrance.C.Theyareloanedtoschoolsforclassroomuse.D.Theyuseauthenticrepresentations.【答案与解析】51—55ACBCD51.A。细微环节理解题。短文说明白美国theBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversity保藏玻璃花的目的、保藏品的丰富、精致的细微环节等内容,所以用AnExtensiveCollectionofGlassFlowers作标题最合适。52.C。推理推断题。依据其次段的“TheintentionwastohavethecollectionrepresentatleastonememberofeachflowerfamilynativetotheUnitedStates.”可知保藏的目的是把美国全部的花都复制一种。53.B。推理推断题。依据它前后的内容:目的是使保藏能代表美国的每一类花,尽管还没有完成,只能是保藏还没有完成。54.C。细微环节理解题。信息来自其次段的内容,C项的内容在其次段中没有提及,其他各项的内容都有相关的说明。55.D。推理推断题。依据其次段的“Everydetailoftheseisaccuratelyreproducedincolorandstructure.”可知这些玻璃花的每一个细微环节都制作得很精致,都是真实的再现。D（words:163&195）VeryfewpeoplewerecomingtoeatattheWhiteRoseRestaurant,anditsownerdidnotknowwhattodo.Thepricewasreasonableandthefoodwasofgoodquality,butnobodyseemedtowanttoeatthere.Thenhedidsomethingthatchangedallthat,andinafewweekshisrestaurantisalwaysfullofmenwiththeirladyfriends.Wheneveragentlemancameinwithalady,asmilingwaitergaveeachofthemamenu(菜单),Themenulookedexactlythesameontheoutside,buttherewasanimportantdifferenceinside.Themenuthatthewaitergavetothemansuppliedthecorrectpriceforeachdishandeachbottleofwine.whilethemenuthathegavetotheladysuppliedamuchhigherprice!Sowhenthemancalmlyordereddishafterdishandwineafterwine,theladythoughthewasmuchmoregenerous(慷慨)thanhereallywas.41.Whydidn’tpeoplecometotheWhiteRoseRestauranttoeatatfirst?A.Becausethepricewashigh.B.Becausethefoodwastoocheap.C.Becausethefoodwasnotgood.D.Thepassagedidn’tmention.42.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatthepeoplewhoeatatthisrestaurantaremostly_______________.A.pooroldpeopleB.richyoungpeopleC.menwiththeirgirlfriendsD.parentswiththeirchildren43.Thedifferencebetweenthetwokindsofmenuliein______________.A.thecolor B.theshapeC.theprice