2022年山东省泰安市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022年山东省泰安市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

AccordingtoHonda,______are,themajorfactorsthatledtothesuccessofHondacompany.

2.

Naturallythinpeopleseemtobeabletoattractgoodthingsintotheirlivesautomaticallybecausethey______.

3.

Athleticshoecompaniesusedthetechnologyofmoonbootsto______.

A.reducetheimpactonfeetandlegs

B.makeathleticshoesmuchlighter

C.improvethedurabilityofshoes

D.preventthegrowthofbacteria

4.AreWeTurningintoaNationofLoners?

Marriageisdown,andsoischildbirth.Butdivorceisup,alongwithsingle-personliving.ThisisBritaintoday.

AperiodofunprecedentedchangeinBritishfamilylife,whereadultsleadmoreisolatedlives,bringingupchildrenontheirownornothavingthematall,isdescribedinareporttoday.TheindependentFamilyPolicyStudiesCentrepaintsapictureofanevolvingsocietywithfewerchildren,fewermarriages,moredivorcesandmoresololiving,where"marriageandpartnershipsaremuchmorefragilethantheywere".

Althoughthegovernmenthasgonefurtherthananyotherindevelopingexplicitpoliciesforparentingandmarriage,ministersshouldbecome"moreintunewithcontemporaryfamilylife",itsays.Theyneedtoconsidertheeffectofthesechanges,thereportsays,notjustonchildrenaffectedbythebreakdownofadultrelationships,butonsocietyasawholeand"rightacrossthelifecycle".

Thereportsaysitisstilltooearlytotalkofthedeathofthe"traditionalfamily",becausefour-fifthsofdependentchildrenstillliveinafamilywithtwoparents,andnineintenofthoseparentsaremarried.Butotherstatisticsincludedinthereportdemonstratesignificantchangesinfamilydemographics(人口统计)withprofound,oftenunexplored,consequences.

Morethan6.5millionpeopleinBritain—about28%ofhouseholds—nowliveontheirown,threetimesasmanyas40yearsago,thereportsays.Nearlyaquarterofwomenbornin1973willstillbechildlessattheageof45,comparedwithaboutoneintenofthosebornin1943.Womenarehavingchildrenlater,onaverageat29ratherthanat26,asinthe1970s,andtheyarehavingfeweroffspring.Theaverageof1.73childrenperwomaninthelate1990s,thoughhigherthaninmostEUcountries,iswellbelowthe2.1neededtoretainthepopulationatitspresentlevelinthelongterm.

Loneparentstrebled

The21%ofdependentchildrenlivinginloneparenthouseholds(thevastmajoritywiththeirmother)hastrebled(三倍)fromthe7%in1972.Thenumberofloneparentshastrebledinthepast25years—therewereabout1.6millionsuchparentsand2.8milliondependentchildrenbythemid1990s,comparedwithjustover500000loneparentsand1milliondependentchildrenin1971.Withinthat1.6million,thefastestgrowinggroupissingle,never-marriedlonemothers.Theirproportion,42%in1997,isnearlydoubletheproportionof24%for1984.

"Twentyyearsagosuchwomenwouldhavemarriedonlytoseetheirrelationshipendinseparationordivorce,"thereportsays."Singlelonemothersshouldbeseenasthemodernequivalentofteenagersinearliergenerationswhoseshotgunmarriages(为怀孕所迫的结婚)failed."

Theannualmarriagerateisatitslowestlevelsincerecordsbegan160yearsago.In1961approximately330000first-timemarriagesand50000remarriagestookplace.By1997thesefigureshaddroppedtofewerthan200000first-timemarriagesandapproximately120000remarriages.Ofeveryfivemarriages,twowillendindivorce.Morethan150000childrenunder16experiencethedivorceoftheirparents,andifpresentratescontinue,28%ofchildrenunder16willexperiencedivorce.Thecostoffamilybreakdowntothepublicpursehasbeenestimatedatabout5billionayear.

Butmarriageisstillmorestablethancohabiting,withcoupleswholivetogetherunmarriedthreeorfourtimesmorelikelytosplitup.Futureresearchwillshowariseintheproportionofcohabitingcouples,fromtheoneinteninthemostrecentlyavailablefigures.Andthepresenceofchildreninacohabitingrelationshipdoesnotappeartoreducethebreakdownratesignificantly.AlthoughtheCentreitselfdevotessomespaceinitsreporttochildren,itsaysministersshouldbroadentheirscopeto

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Apersonalsomightberequiredtoquitsmokingtoimprovetheoutcomeoftheoperation.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

RaymondKurzweilthinksthatultrasmartmachinesare______.

A.unimaginable

B.life-threatening

C.advantageous

D.unacceptable

7.Profiling(犯罪剖绘)

Asthestarsoftrue-crimedocumentaries,TVseriesandHollywoodthrillers,criminalprofilershaveoneofthebest-knownlawenforcementjobsintheworld.Basicprofiling—identifying,theperpetrator(犯罪者)ofacrimebasedonananalysisofcrimeandthewayitwascommitted—isacommoninvestigativetool.Butsomefearthatpolicedepartmentshavetakenprofilingtoofar,harassingorevenarrestingpeoplebecauseofcertaincharacteristicstheymighthaveincommonwithcriminals—orworseyet,becauseoftheirskincolor.Othersarguethatinanageofterrorismandviolentcrime,wecan'taffordnottoexaminepeoplebasedoncrimepatterns,evenifthatmeanssuspicionbasedonrace.

BasicsofProfiling

ThemostbasickindofprofilingisaBeOntheLookout(BOLO)orAll-PointsBulletin(APB).You'reprobablyfamiliarwiththese,althoughyoumightnothavehearditreferredtoasaprofile.

AnAPBisadescriptionofaspecificsuspectaccusedofcommittingaspecificcrimeorcrimes,usuallybasedoneyewitnessaccounts.Forexample,followingabankrobbery,policemightinterviewsuspectsandreviewsurveillancecamerafootagebeforereleasingthefollowingAPB:

SuspectwaslastseeninadarkblueFordpick-uptruck.HewaswearingaredT-shirtandblackjeans.Suspectisdescribedasawhitemale,5-feet10-inchestallandthinwithrecedingblondhair.Hehasatattooofasnakeonhisleftforearm.

Thenextstepinprofilingisthepsychologicalprofile.Investigatorscreatethisprofileintheabsenceofphysicalevidenceoreyewitnessdescriptions,ortosupplementsuchdescriptions.Theytakewhattheyknowaboutanunknownsuspectandhisactionsandtrytogenerateadditionalinformation.Forexample,ifaserialmurdererhasbeenkillingthefemaleemployeesofalawfirm,profilersmightfinditlikelythatthekillerisamaleformeremployeeorclientofthelawfirm.

Otherevidence,suchasnotesleftbythekiller,thelocationofthekilling,orthestateofthecrimescenecanallowprofilerstodevelop"educatedguesses."Theseguessesmightincludethingslikethesuspect'seducationlevel,psychologicaltraumas(创伤)hehassufferedorwherehelives.Theyarenotalways100percentaccurate,andsometimestheycanberathervague.

PredictiveProfiling

Withpredictiveprofiling,criminalprofilinggetsmorecontroversial.Insteadofseekingaparticularsuspectbasedonevidenceataspecificcrime,predictiveprofilingattemptstoguesswhichpeoplearelikelytocommitacrimethathasn'thappenedyet.

Thisisn'tarevolutionaryideabyitself.Policeofficersdon'tjustreacttocrimes:theypatrol,observeandtrytospotsuspiciousbehavior.thatcouldmeanacrimeisgoingtotakeplace.Fewpeoplewouldquestionanofficers'righttoinvestigateasuspicioussituationorquestionasuspiciousperson.Evenwhenpolicedepartmentsusetheircriminalprofilesasajustificationforsearchesandarrestswithoutwarrants,thosepracticeshavebeenupheldbytheSupremeCourt.

Here'sanexample.Statetroopersarepatrollingastretchofhighwayknowntobefrequentedbydrugtraffickers(干非法勾当者).Theofficersknowfrompreviousexperiencethatdrugtraffickersoftenuserentedcars,travelintheveryearlymorning,andputthesparetireinthebackseattoleavemoreroominthetrunkfordrugs.

At4:00a.m.anofficernoticesacarthatfitsthisprofile.Thedriverisnotbreakinganymajortrafficrules,butthetrooperpullsthecaroveranyway,hopingtospotsomeevidencethatcouldleadtoasearchofthecar.Thisisconsideredprofiling.ThepracticeofnotingcriminaltendenciesandcreatingawrittenprofileissometimesattributedtoFloridaHighwayPatrolmanBobVogel,althoughitwasprobablycarriedoutbyother

A.YB.NC.NG

8.Smokersandpeoplewhoneversmokewillnotbeoverweight.

9.

Americancultureandmedia,insomeWays,havehelpedtoenrichGermanculture.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

TheachievementsforHIVvaccinehasbeengivendiscountbecause______.

A.itcausesanumberofquestionstoanswer

B.itcan'teffectivelyprotectpeoplefromHIV

C.itcan'tberecognizedbythepeople

D.itisprovedineffectiveintreatingHIV

11.

Somecompaniesdon'tcareaboutwebsiteconstructionsinceconsumerscannotlearnmoreabouttheirproducts,theirbrandsandservices.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Modernofficeworkersarejustlikefighterpilotsinthatbothneedtomonitordataofgreatcomplexity.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

ThebeggarsinLondon______speakwithanyonewhotalkedaboutAmerica.

14.Whenreservingahotelroomwithyourcheckcard,youhavetodecidehowmuchmoneyinyouraccounthastobeonhold.

15.

Accordingtotheadvertisement,everydayHRCoffersabout______.

16.

Adlerrecognizedthatformany,thejobchoiceislikelytohave______.

17.

Thepowerofmanufacturershasbeenshiftedtothehandofretailersthanksto______.

A.thedevelopmentoflogistictechnology

B.thedevelopmentofmarketingstrategies

C.thelabelingregulations

D.thebarcodesystem

18.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

19.

Moneylaunderingwillbemade______inanyECmemberstates.

20.

PaulSalopekandhisChadianassistantswerearrestedonAugustaftercrossingtheborderbecausetheydidn'thaveavisa.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:Youdon'tlooktoohappy.What'stheproblem?

M:Well,I'vegottowriteacompositionformyEnglishclass,andIjustcan'tcomeupwithanyidea.andit'sduetomorrow.

Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?

(17)

A.Hehastochangethetopicforhiscomposition.

B.HehasfallenbehindothersinEnglishclass.

C.Hehasn'tmadeuphismindastowhattowriteabout.

D.Thebookheborrowedwillbeduetomorrow.

22.(14)

A.Takethemedicineasshewasdirectedtodo.

B.Scheduleanotherappointmentwithherdoctor.

C.Stoptakingthemedicine.

D.Restherbackforafewdays.

23.(36)

A.TheroleofChinainthespreadofthenationalflag.

B.Thesecondancestorofthenationalflag.

C.TheuseofmodernflagsinEurope.

D.Theimportanceofmodernflags.

24.听力原文：W:Doyouknowthatguyoverthere?He'sstaringatyou．

M:Gee，acreepyguywhoworksinouroffice．He'salwaysstaringatme，andsometimeswhenlturnround，he'sstandingrightnexttome，butIneverhearanything，he'sjustsuddenlythere!

Q:Whatdoesthemanfeelaboutthatguy?

(14)

A.Arrogant.B.Weird.C.Genuine.D.Outgoing.

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:HowmanystampsdoIneedtosendthispackageairmail?

M:Well,that'sgoingtobeexpensive.Airmailpostageis52centsforthefirstounceand44centsforeachadditionalounce.Youhaveelevenouncehere.

Q:Howmuchwillitcostthewomantomailherpackage?

(12)

A.$5.72.B.$4.62.C.$4.92.D.$5.64.

26.

【B7】

27.听力原文：W:OK,Mr.Taylor,let'sgoaheadandbegin.Firstofall,tallmeaboutyourlastjob.

M:Well,asstatedonmyresume,IworkedforfiveyearsatHiTechComputers.

W:OK,HiTech.AndwhatdoyouknowaboutcomputernetworksandoperatingsystemsincludingDOS,Windows,MacintoshOS,andUNIX?

M:Umm...well...Ididcomeincontactwithcomputerseverynightatmylastjob.

W:Hum...Andhowaboutwebsiteauthoringskills?Wearclookingforsomeonetocreateandmanageourcompany'swebsitewhichwouldincludethedevelopment,configuration,anduseofDOS,Windows,MacintoshOS,andCGIscripts.

M:Umm...uh,webpage,webpage.Huh...Idon'tthinkI'vemadthatbook,andI'mafraidI'veneverusedthoseCGIthings.

W:Huh?!AndwhataboutexperiencewithJavaorJavaScript?

M:Well...IthinkI'vetriedJavaataforeigncoffeeshoponetime,ifthat'swhatyoumean.

W:OK,Mr.Taylor,IthinkIhavealltheinformationIneed!

M:Oh,andIreallylikecomputergames.Iplaythemeveryday.

W:Right,right.ThanksMr.Taylor.

M:Believeme.Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.

W:Isee.We'llbeintouch.

(23)

A.Computersalesnegotiations.

B.Apreliminaryinterview.

C.AnInternetseminarmeeting.

D.Computergames.

28.听力原文：M:Ijustcalledthetravelagency.Itisallset.OnJune10th,Iamheadingforthemountainsforanentireweek.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Becauseourclassesaren'tovertillthe20th.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(14)

A.Themanmayhavetoreschedulehistrip.

B.Themanshouldtakehisvacationsomewhereelse.

C.Shehasn'tcalledthetravelagentyet.

D.Shedoesn'tknowwhenhersemesterends.

29.(22)

A.Notclearlyspecified.

B.Notlikelytobemet.

C.Reasonableenough.

D.Apparentlynonexistent.

30.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Yourapartmentalwayslookssogood.Sospotlessandmineissuchamess.

W:I'vebeenatthelabtheallweek.Itismyroommatedoing.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(12)

A.Shedoesiteveryday.

B.Shedoesnotdoitherself.

C.Herroommateisdoingit.

D.Sheisaresearcheratthelab.

31.

【B2】

32.(38)

33.

【B4】

34.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Theworld'sfirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayhasbeenbuiltunderthebusystreetsofLondon.TherailwayiscalledtheVictoriaLine,anditispartofthecompleteLondonundergroundrailway.

ThenewVictoriaLinewasopenedin1969.Thisnewlinewasverydifferentfromtheothers.Thestationsontheotherlinesneedalotofworkerstoselltickets,andtocheckandtocollectthemwhenpeopleleavethetrains.ThisisalldifferentontheVictoriaLine.Hereamachinechecksandcollectsthetickets,andtherearenoworkersontheplatforms.

Onthetrain,thereisonlyoneworker.Ifnecessary,thismancandrivethetrain.Butusuallyhejuststartsit;itrunsandstopsbyitself.Thetrainsarecontrolledbyelectricalsignalswhicharesentbytheso-called"commandspots".

Thecommandspotsarethesamedistanceapart.Eachsendsacertainsignal.Thetrainalwaysmovesatthespeedthatthecommandspotsallow.Ifthecommandspotsendsnosignals,thetrainwillstop.

Mostofthecontrolworkisdonebycomputers.Thecomputersalsofixthetrain'sspeeds,andsendthesignalstothecommandspots.

Othermachinesmakesurethatthetrainsarealwaysasafedistanceapart.Onetrainmaystaytoolongatastation;theothertrainswillthenautomaticallymoveslower.Sothereisnodangerofaccidentsontheline.

(27)

A.Workersontheplatformsandtrainswerereplacedbymachines.

B.Acompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetwork.

C.Itbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworld.

D.Itstrainsbecamemanual-controlled.

35.听力原文：M:Therearejustoneortwomorethings,Catherine.

W:DocallmeCathy.

M:OK,Cathy.Areyoureallyinterestedinbeingavet?

W:Notreally.Anyway,I'mnotbrightenough.I'mreasonablyintelligent,butI'mnotbrilliant.I'm'afraidmymotherisabitoveroptimistic.

M:Yes,Iguessedthat.She'sabitoverpowering,isn'tshe,yourmum?

W:Abit.Butshe'sverykind.

M.I'msuresheis.So,you'reinterestedinballetandmusic,areyou?

W:Notreally.MymothersentmetolessonswhenIwassix,soI'mquitegood,Isuppose.ButIdon'tthinkIwanttodothatfortherestofmylife,especiallymusic.It'ssolonely.

M:Whatdoyouenjoydoing7

W:Well,Ilikeplayingtennis,andswimming.Oh,IwenttoFrancewiththeschoolchoirlastyear.Ireallyenjoyedthat.AndIliketalkingtopeople.ButIsupposeyoumeanrealinterests-thingsthatwouldhelpmetogetajob?

M:No.I'mmoreinterestedinwhatyoureallywanttodo.Youliketalkingtopeople,doyou?

W:Ohyes,Ireallyenjoymeetingnewpeople.

M:Doyouthinkyouwouldenjoyteaching?

W:No,no,Idon'treally.Iwasneververyinterestedinschoolwork,andI'dliketodosomethingdifferent.Anyway,there'sateachertrainingcollegeverynearus.Itwouldbejustlikegoingtoschoolagain.

(20)

A.ballet.B.Swimming.C.Nursing.D.Teaching

36.听力原文：M:NodoubtyouhavealreadyheardofthepassingofMr.Johnson.

W:Yes.serviceswillbeheldforhimtomorrowatSt.Luke'schurch.

Q:WhatisknownaboutMr.Johnson?

(18)

A.Hehasjustbeendead.

B.Hewenthomeafterchurch.

C.Hehasnotfeltwelllately.

D.Hewillattendchurchtomorrow.

37.听力原文：M:Isthisthetimetogetthatgreatnewjob?Isthisthetimetosellorbuyanewhome?WellourfinancialcontributorMellodyHobsonhasconsultedalltheexpertsincludingherselfandshe'sgotsomeanswersthismorning,Mellody,Goodmorning.

W:Goodmorning.

M:Allright,houses.Isitthetimetobuyorsellahouse?

W:Well,actually,housinglookslikeit'sgoingtobeabust.Thehousingsalesforthismonthweredown1.7%.That'sthesecondmonthinarow.Andthemarketsheadedforacorrectionoradropinprices.Andit'simportanttoknowthatmortgagerateshavebeenup,sothat'soneofthebigreasonsthatit'sslowingdownbuying.Andontopofthattheotherbigindicatormortgageapplicationsaredown.Actuallylastweekmortgageapplicationshitathree-and-a-half-yearlow.Sowhatdoesallthismean?Ifyouareabuyer,Ithinkyouaregonnafindsomebargainsoutthere.

M:Ok!Itispuzzledtoboththenbythemiddleoftheyearyoureallyfindbargains.Allright,yourjobs,isthisgonnabetheyeartolookforanewjobbecausethey'regonnabeavailableoristhisayearinwhichmorepeopleagainwillgetlaidoff.

W:Thisisgoodnewsonthejobfront,inNovember215,000jobswereadded,that'supfrom44,000inOctober.Decemberlooksgood.Companiesouttheresaythey'replanningtohireinthefirstquarterofthisyearandtherearestilljobsshortagesincertainareaslikefinance,healthcareandconstruction.

M:Greattogetsomeoptimisticnews.Allright,Mellody,thanksagainandhaveagreatweekend.

(23)

A.Therewillbeaboominhousing.

B.Thehousemarketwillsufferdepression.

C.Thebankwillexertpositiveinfluenceonhousing.

D.Itwillhitathree-and-a-half-yearlow.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Stressisthe"wearandtear"ourbodiesexperienceaswe【B1】______toourchangingenvironment.Asa【B2】______influence,stresscanhelpustakeaction.Asa【B3】______influence,itcanleadtohealthproblemssuchas【B4】______.insomma,ulcers,highbloodpressureandheartdisease.

Ourgoalisnottoeliminatestressbuttolearnhowto【B5】______itandhowtouseittohelpus.【B6】______stressmaymakeusfeelbored;ontheotherhand.【B7】______stressmaymakeusfeeltiedupinknots.Whatweneedtodoistofindtheoptimallevelofstresswhichwill【B8】______butnotoverwhelmns.

Thereisnosinglelevelofstressthatisoptimalforallpeople.【B9】______.Moreover,ourpersonalstressrequirementsandtheamountwhichwecantoleratechangeswithourages.

Ithasbeenrevealedthatmostillnessisrelatedtounrelievedstress.【B10】______Therearemanysourcesofstress,andtherearemanypossibilitiesforitsmanagement.Herearethreeprinciplesastohowtomanagestress:

1.【B11】______

2.Recognizewhatyoucanchange.

3.Reducetheintensityofyouremotionalreactionstostress.

【B1】

39.听力原文：W:Therateforaconferenceroomatthehotelexceedsourexpectations．We'realreadyrunninginthered．AndIdon'tthinkwecancontinuetheprojectifwekeepdoingthis．

M:Haveyouconsideredanauditoriuminthenearbycollege?

Q:What'sthewomanworryingabout?

(13)

A.Theorganizationofaconference.

B.Thedecorationoftheconferenceroom.

C.Thereservationofacollegeauditorium.

D.Thecostofrentingahotelconferenceroom.

40.(25)

A.Atarestaurant.

B.Ataschoolcanteen.

C.Atacafeteria

D.Ataworkers'dininghall.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

WhichofthefollowingfactorscontributetoAdrian'sdescribingthefutureoftheboardingschoolsas"rosy"?______.

A.Renewedpoliticalinterestintakingchildrenfromfostercareandchildren'shomesandsendingthemtoboardingschoolsinstead.

B.Boardingschoolscanoffersmallclassesandgooddiscipline.

C.Helpingpupilstocounterthelowexpectationsthatpreventthemfromachievingalltheycould.

D.Allthosementionedabove.

42.

【C7】

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thousandsofteachersattheelementary,secondary,andcollegelevelscantestifythattheirstudents'writingexhibitsatendencytowardasuperficialitythatwasn'tseen,say10or15yearsago.Itshowsupnotonlyintheirlackofanalyticalskills,butinpoorcommandofgrammarandrhetoric.I'vebeenaskedbyagraduatestudentwhatasemicolonis.ThemechanicsoftheEnglishlanguagehavebeentorturedtopiecesbyTV.Visual,movingimageswhicharethevenueoftelevisioncan'tbeheldinthenetofcarefullanguage.Theywanttobreakout.Theyreallyhavenothingtodowithlanguage,grammar,andrhetoric,andtheyhavebecomefractured.

Recentsurveysbydozensoforganizationsalsosuggestthatupto40%oftheAmericanpublicisfunctionallyilliterate.Thatis,ourcitizens'readingandwritingabilities,iftheyhaveany,areimpairedsoseriouslyastorenderthem,inthathandyjargonofourtimes,dysfunctional.ThereadingistaughtTVteachespeoplenottoread.Itrendersthemincapableofengaginginanactivitythatnowisperceivedasstrenuous,becauseitisnotapassivehypnotizedstate.

Passiveasitis,televisionhasinvadedourculturesocompletelythatthemedium'seffectsareevidentineveryquarter,eventheliteraryworld.Itshowsupinsupermarketpaperbacks,fromStephenKing(whohasacertaincleverskill)topulpfiction.ThesereallyareformsofverbalTV-literaturethatissosuperficialthatthosewhoreaditcanrevelinthesamesensationstheyexperiencewhenwatchingtelevision.

Evenmoreimportantly,thegrowinginfluenceoftelevision,Kernansays,haschangedpeople'shabitsandvaluesandaffectedtheirassumptionsabouttheworld.Thesortofreflective,critical,andvalue-ladenthinkingencouragedbybookshasbeenrenderedobsolete.Inthiscontext,wewoulddowelltorecalltheCyclopstheraceofgiantsthat,accordingtoGreekmyth,predatedman.

Quiteliterally,TVaffectsthewaypeoplethink.InFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision,JerryManderquotesfromtheEmeryReport,preparedbytheCentreforContinuingEducationattheAustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,that,whenwewatchtelevision,"ourusualprocessesofthinkinganddiscernmentaresemifunctionalatbest."Thestudyalsoarguesthat,"whiletelevisionappearstohavethepotentialtoprovideusefulinformationtoviewersandiscelebratedforitseducationalfunctionthetechnologyoftelevisionandtheinherentnatureoftheviewingexperienceactuallyinhibitlearningasweusuallythinkofit."

Whatreflectthetendencyofstudents'writingtobesuperficial?

44.

【C4】

45.

Inthelastparagraph"communitybasedformsoftreatment"isused______.

A.incontrasttotreatmentinspecializedinstitutions

B.toshowhowefficientitisformentalillnessandotherdiseases

C.toshowhowfutilespecializedtreatmentcanbe

D.asasynonymtotreatmentinspecializedinstitutions

46.

Highcholesterolfoodsinclude______.

A.eggs,meatsandmilkproducts

B.potatoes,greenvegetablesandtomatoes

C.corn,wheatandbeef

D.sugar,riceandbutter

47.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thereisaphenomenainthepresent.Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersisskyrocketing.Whatisthemainreasonforit?That'spartlybecauselabsarcbigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseUSgovernmentagenciesliketheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)havestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-WorldWarIIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship—howevergooditmaybeinotherways—presentsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorsarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestions