大学英语阅读理解及解答

大学英语阅读理解及解答大学英语阅读理解及解答/NUMPAGES21大学英语阅读理解及解答大学英语阅读理解及解答Passage1I’mprettyconfidentthattherewillneverbeadaywhenalltheworldisinagreementaboutthebesthumandiet.I’manomnivoremyself,butIhavefriendswhoswearbytheirpaleo,vegetarian,andvegandiets.Allofuscanmakecompellingargumentsaboutwhyweeatthewaywedo,andallofuscanmakevalidcriticismsofdietsthatareunlikeourown.Forme,decidinghowandwhattoeatrequiredacloseexaminationofthevaluesandprinciplesthattrulymattertome.Thetypeoffoodweconsumehasimmediatehealthandeconomicconsequences,butitalsohasasignificantimpactonourenvironment.Asastudyshows,themannerandscaleatwhichoursocietycurrentlyraisesanimalforhumanconsumptioncontributestoclimatechangeinmajorway.Italsowasteswater,pollutesoursoil,andcontaminatesfreshwatersupplies.Soifyou’rereallytryingtolivealow-impactlife,eatinglessmeatandensuringthatthemeatyoudoeatisraisedbyresponsiblefarmersandrancherscouldhelpyoushrinkyourcarbonfootprintalotfasterthanbuyingahybridorskippingshowers.1.Theauthorbelievesthat()A.peoplewillbemoreandmorerationalinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.B.theargumentsaboutwhatshouldbeeatenwillnevercometoanend.C.peoplewillsomedayreachaconsensusonwhatthebestfoodis.D.peoplewillbemoreandmorefastidiousinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.2.Whendecidinghowandwhattoeat,theauthor()A.hassomeimportantprinciplestofollow.B.willconsultwithhisfriends.C.willfollowtheinstructionsofhisfriends.D.considersonlyhisowninterests.3.Thetypeoffoodweeat()A.hasanindirectbutgreateffectonourenvironment.B.hasnothingtodowithourenvironment.C.hasnothingtodowithourhealth.D.isdecidedonlybyoureconomicstatus.4.WhatisimpliedinParagraph3()A.Weshouldstopraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.B.Weshouldstopeatinganimals.C.Thewayanimalsareraisedforhumanconsumptionshouldbeimproved.D.Environmentalpollutionandclimatechangearecausedbyraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.Passage2Americansaretoobusyforlunchbreaks,reportsAOL.Ratherthanleavingtheofficeforsomemuchneededrelaxation,mostworkersareoptingtodineattheirdesks.Accordingtoasurvey,62%ofAmericanofficeworkersusuallyeattheirlunchinthesamespottheyworkallday.Inaweakenedeconomy,manyemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworthorlooklikeasuperstarworkerwhogoesaboveandbeyondtogetthejobdone.Plus,whencoworkersareworkingthroughtheirlunchbreaks,noonewantstobethepersonwholookslikeaslacker.Forothers,itisnotjustamatterofsavingtime,butsavingmoney.Eatingoutroutinelygetsexpensive,sobringingalunchtoeatatthedeskisalsothethriftychoicefortheAmericanworker.Onanationallevel,theUnitedStatesdoesnotmandatethatbusinessesallowtheiremployeesalunchbreak.However,22statesdohaveexplicitlawsonthebooksstatingthatworkersmusttakeahalfhourtohourlunchbreak.Nonetheless,evenworkersinthesestatesoftenfindthemselvesignoringthelawtochowdownnexttotheircomputers.Inadditiontolunch,27%willeatbreakfastattheirdesk(atleasttheyarenotskippingitaltogether),and50%willsnackattheirdeskthroughouttheworkday.Unfortunately,usingthedeskasadiningtablecouldbeahealthhazard.Withabouttwointhreeworkersadmittingtheycleantheirdesklessthanonceamonth,theunsanitarysurfaceleavesworkerssusceptibletofoodborneillnesses.1.AccordingtothereportbyAOL,mostAmericanofficeworkersusually()A.takelunchattheirdesks.B.takeanapafterlunch.C.goouttoeatatlunchtime.D.enjoyfreelunch.2.()makestheAmericanemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworth.A.Theemployers’encouragementB.AnupturnineconomyC.Thecozyworkingenvironment.D.Adownturnineconomy.3.AccordingtoParagraph4,()?A.moststatesofAmericahavepassedthelawsstatingthatworkersmusttakesomelunchbreak.B.theworkersinthe22statesworkfewerhoursthanthoseintheotherstates.C.theworkersinthe22statesdonotnecessarilytakeabetterlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.D.theworkersinthe22statestakealongerlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.4.Whatisadisadvantageoftakinglunchatthedesk?A.Itmaysavetimefortheemployees.B.Itmaydoharmtotheemployees’health.C.Itmaysavemoneyfortheemployees.D.Itmayhelptheemployeesreducetheirweight.Passage3Inmanyurbancentersthroughouttheworld,vibrantwasterecyclingprogramsaren’tjusteco-mindedniceties,buttheyserveanessentialroleinkeepingcommunitiescleanandclutter-free.Butthankstooneforward-thinkinginitiativeintheBraziliancityofJundiaí,tradingintrashhasneverbeentastier.Tenyearsago,thecity’sMunicipalUtilitiesDepartmentlaunched“DeliciousRecycling”,aprogramaimedatencouragingresidentstogetintothehabitofcollectingrecyclablewasteinexchangeforfreshvegetables,grownlocallyinapublic-rungarden—andboydidittakeoff.Today,thegardenboastsmorethan30thousandplantstomeetthedemandofthousandsofveggie-lovingrecyclers,turningaluminumcansandplasticbottlesintoediblegreens.Ultimately,theprogramhasdonewondersforthehealthoftheenvironmentaswell,byriddingthecityofimproperlydisposedwaste.“Whatonceclutteredandevenchokedtheflowofwaterfromstormdrainsistodayusedascurrencyforhealthyfood,”localmayorMiguelHaddadtellsJundiaíOnline.“Everybodywinswiththis.”AsinnovativeasJundiaí’s“DeliciousRecycling”mayseem,it’sactuallynotthefirstofitskind,butgiventheprogram’ssuccess,it’snowonderwhythoughanumberofotherBrazilianmunicipalitiesoffersimilarincentivestorewardrecyclerswithfood,theideaseemstobecatchinginternationally—likeinMexicoCity,whereresidentsrecentlyexchangedtrashfornearlythreetonsofvegetables!1.Wasterecyclingprograms()A.arepaidlittleattentiontoinmanyurbancenters.B.helpmakecommunitiescleanandtidy.C.havenothingtodowiththesanitationofcommunities.D.areinactiveinmanyurbancenters.2.Thepurposeof“DeliciousRecycling”is()A.toteachresidentshowtomakedeliciousfood.B.torewardresidentswhodowellinclassifyingrubbish.C.toencourageresidentstotraderecyclablewasteformeatorvegetables.D.toencourageresidentstotraderecyclablewasteforvegetables.3.AccordingtolocalmayorMiguelHaddad,()A.waterinstormdrainsisflowingmorefreelythanbeforebecausethetrashinithasbeenremoved.B.waterinstormdrainscanbeexchangedforhealthyfood.C.waterinstormdrainsisessentialtothegrowingoffreshvegetables.D.thereismoretrashinstormdrainsnowthanthereusedtobe.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.“DeliciousRecycling”hasfailedtoachievethedesiredresult.B.TherearenowasterecyclingprogramsinotherBrazilianmunicipalities.C.MexicoCityisprobablyimitatingJundiaí’s“DeliciousRecycling”.D.WasterecyclingprogramsinotherBrazilianmunicipalitiesaremoresuccessfulthanJundiaí’s“DeliciousRecycling”.Passage4AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstGeneralMillsformisrepresentingtheproductitcallsYoplaitGreek.Itisn’tGreek,anditisn’tyogurt.ThesalesofYoplaitGreekalreadylagfarbehindotherbrandssuchasChobaniandFageinanexplodingGreekyogurtmarket,andthislatestlawsuitwon’thelpany.“YoplaitGreekdoesnotcomplywiththestandardofidentityofyogurt,”thelawsuitstates.“Indeed,YoplaitGreekcontainsMilkProteinConcentrate(“MPC”)whichisnotamongthepermissibleingredientsofyogurt,non-fatyogurt,andlow-fatyogurt(collectively“yogurt”)assetforthundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct.”AuthenticGreekyogurtisthickerinconsistencyandricherinproteinbecauseit’sstrainedofliquidwhey.ButMPCoffersanalternativetothisprocess.Itis,asdescribedonFoodNavigator-USA,“averyhighproteindrymilkproduct,whichhasbeentoutedforuseinGreek-styleproductstoincreasetheirproteincontentandprovideathick,creamytexturewithouttheneedforexpensivestraining.”InitscorporateeagernesstoclaimalargershareoftheGreekyogurtmarket,GeneralMillsaddsMPCtoYoplaitGreekbecause,asreportedintheMinneapolis/St.PaulBusinessJournal,itis“cheapertostoreandtransportthanwetmilkandcostslessthandrymilkduetominimaltariffsonMPCimportsandlowerforeignmilkprices.”NewZealandisthebiggestsupplierofMPCtotheUnitedStates.Inshort,asstatedinthelawsuit,“TheuseofMPCisfinanciallyadvantageoustodefendants.”ItallowsGeneralMillstomanufacturemoreproductatlowercost,andthat’stheonlyreasonit’sintheyogurt.NevermindthattheuseofthesubstanceinyogurtfloutsFDArulesforthestandardofidentityofthefood.SofartheextentofGeneralMills’sdefenseisthattheFDAneverexplicitlyprohibitedMPCinyogurt.That’salessoninlogic.Anysubstancethatisnotexplicitlyprohibitedisofficiallypermitted.Nevermind,aswell,thequestionablesafetyofthesubstance,whichisnotincludedontheFDAlistofsubstancesgenerallyrecognizedassafe(GRAS)orontheFDAlistoffoodadditives.Inotherwords,ithasn’tactuallybeenapprovedforuseinfood.1.ThelawsuitagainstGeneralMills()A.isaleadingfactorthathascausedthesalesofYoplaitGreektolagbehindotherbrands.B.willmakethesalesofYoplaitGreeklagbehindotherbrandsC.willhelpincreasethesalesofYoplaitGreek.D.hasnodirectrelationshipwiththefactthatthesalesofYoplaitGreekhavealreadylaggedfarbehindotherbrands.2.AuthenticGreekyogurt()A.isstrainedofliquidwhey.B.thickerinconsistencythanYoplaitGreek.C.richerinproteinthanYoplaitGreek.D.containsMPC.3.Accordingtothelawsuit,itis()thatGeneralMillsaddsMPCtoYoplaitGreek.A.fortheimprovementofitsqualityB.fortheconvenienceoftransportationC.forthereductionofcostsD.fortheextensionofitsshelflife4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.TheFDAhasapprovedtheuseofMPCinyogurt.B.MPCisontheFDAlistofsubstancesgenerallyrecognizedassafeC.TheFDAhasneitherprohibitednorapprovedtheuseofMPCinyogurt.D.MPCisontheFDAlistoffoodadditives.Passage5Appleshavebecomethelatestcontroversialentryintothegeneticallymodifiedfooddebate,followingaJuly12NewYorkTimespiecewrittenbyAndrewPollack.OkanaganSpecialtyFruits,asmallBritishColumbiacompany,wantstostartmarketinganon-browningapple,andithasappliedforapprovalinCanadaandintheUnitedStates.TheArcticapple,availablesofarintheGoldenDeliciousandGrannySmithvarieties,containsanextracopyofagenewhichinterfereswiththeenzymaticactivitythatcausesbrowning.Theenzymeispolyphenoloxidase.AccordingtoNealCarter,founderandpresidentofOkanaganSpecialtyFruits,thenon-browningArcticappleisjustwhatconsumersarelookingfor.Awholeapple,hetellstheTimes,is“formanypeopletoobigacommitment,”andappleslicesthathavebrownedjustaren’tappetizing.(Whataburdenwebear—tohavetoeatawholeapple,letaloneanunsightlyone.)Cartersuggeststhatitismerelyacosmeticchangeintendedtoencouragepeopletoeatmoreapples.Butit’smorethanthat,ofcourse.Itisintended“toturntheappleintoanindustrializedproduct,”saidLucySharratt,coordinatoroftheCanadianBiotechnologyActionNetwork,asreportedintheTimes.InCommonGround,aCanadianmonthlymagazinededicatedtohealth,wellnessandecology,YukonfarmerTomRudgesays,“Weshouldeatrealfoodinsteadofgeneticallyengineeringanapplesocompaniescansliceit,wrapitinplasticandtruckitacrossthecountry.”OrganicapplefarmerHarryBurtonofSaltAsPollackreports,theU.S.AppleAssociationopposestheintroductionoftheArcticapple,butnotoutofanyobjectiontogeneticengineering.Infact,theydeclareontheirwebsitethat“inordertocontinuediscoveringnewandvaluablebenefitsfromapples,U.S.Applesupportsadvancementsfromtechnologyandgeneticsandgenomicsresearch.”TheproblemforU.S.Apple,Pollackwrites,isthatthenon-browningArcticapple“couldunderminethefruit’simageasahealthyandnaturalfood,theonethatkeepsthedoctorawayandisasAmericanas,well,applepie.”1.AstotheArcticapple,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.Itwillnotturnbrown.B.Thereisnoenzymaticactivityinitsbody.C.Itisakindofgeneticallymodifiedfood.D.Theenzymaticactivitythatcausesbrowninghasbeenreduced.2.AccordingtoNealCarter,()A.Thenon-browningArcticappleisverypopularamongconsumers.B.Anewtypeofsmallerapplewillbedevelopedtomeetthedemandofsomeconsumers.C.Thecolorofappleshasnothingtodowithone’sappetite.D.Thenon-browningArcticappleismorenutritiousthanothervarieties.3.Fromwhattheorganicfarmerssaid,weknowthatitisundesirableto()A.eatrealfoodinsteadofgeneticallymodifiedfood.B.attachmoreimportancetoindustrythantoagriculture.C.cultivatefarmproductsinanindustrializedway.D.beclosetonature.4.WhyistheU.S.AppleAssociationagainsttheintroductionoftheArcticapple?A.Becauseitisagainstgeneticengineering.B.Becauseitcannotbenefitfromthiskindofapple.C.Becausethiskindofapplewillunderminethefruit’simageasahealthyandnaturalfood.D.Thereasonisnotmentionedinthepassage.Passage11.B.根据第一段可知，人们永远无法对什么是最佳食物这一问题达成共识，人们永远有理由说明自己选择的食物是最好的，别人不同于自己的食物是不好的，所以选B.2.A根据第二段第一句（For