雅思阅读同义替换词大总结

限制：limit,restrict,confine,define,narrow,tighten,constrict,cap,narrow(v.):这个词大家以前使用的时候一般都是作为形容词来用，这里强调E.g.Weareworkingonnarrowingthegapbetweenourpointsofview.E.g.We’reworkingtonarrowdownthelistofpossibleE.g.Thesmokingcausesthesamediseasesinwomenasinmenandthegapbetweentheirdeathratesisnarrowing.define(v.):这个词大家以前熟悉的意思是给……下定义,不，什么叫下定义？就是描述出一个事物的轮廓，所以定义就是在一个（define的英文解释：Ifyoudefinesomething,youshow,describe,orstateclearlywhatitisandwhatitslimitsare,orwhatitislike）E.g.TheSupremeCourtdecisioncoulddefinehowfarCongresscangointryingtodeterminethe eofcourtcases.cap(n./v.):了。E.g.The ernmenthascedacaponlocalcouncilspending.snow-cappedmountains在官网上就有这么句话：Anincreaseinthelevelcapto70大家不妨体会下这capNBA里面就有工资帽这种说法（年被引入，NBA和球员工会之间首先进行谈判，只有双方同意，工资帽才被正式公布。每年NBA的工资帽都在增加，1997-98赛季是2690万，上赛季是4384万，而如今则是4387万。那么什么是工资帽呢？工NBA前一年的总收入密切相关。具体来说，这个工资帽是NBA48NBA球队花钱的4829（NBA上赛季球队总数focuson,concentrateon,aim,spotlight,beengrossedin,lay/ce/putemphasison,dealonlywith,highlight,spotlight(v./n.):E.g.AnewreporthasturnedthespotlightontheproblemofpovertyintheinnerE.g.ThereporthasturnedthespotlightonthestartlingriseinstreetE.g.UnemploymentisonceagainintheE.g.Thearticlespotlightstheproblemsofthehomeless.engross(v.):[ɪnˈgrəʊs]全神贯注于某事E.g.Thescenewasstunning,andforatimeengrossedallourE.g.Hewassoengrossedinhisbookthathedidn’thearhercomein.highlight(v./n.):本意为用高亮度标记E.g. hasservedtohighlighttheproblemsofurbanhighlight作名词用表示一系列事情的亮点，，最所在E.g.ThatweekendinVenicewas ythehighlightofourE.g.ThehighlightofthetripwasvisitingtheGreatWallof现代的，的：contemporary,modern,current,present,recent,up-to-date,up-to-date(a.):E.g.Theyhaveaccesstoup-to-dateinformationthroughacomputerdatabase.latest(a.):的E.g.thelatestfashionsfromthePariscontemporary:现代的，这个词准确的来说和最近的（latest）意思还是有区别contemporarylatest在一组的原因了。增长：grow,increase,expand,rise,improve,soar,climb,extend, improve:这个词在这里需要强调下，这个词在某些特定的场合下甚至可以表示下降的意思，例如：率在improve，像这种不好的事情得到了改善soar(v.):飙升E.g.Thepriceofpetrolhassoaredinrecentweeks.(v./n.):作名词是火箭的意思,动词:直线上升E.g.Stockprices edtotheirhighestlevelyesterday.这组词在阅读和写作当grow-growing-growthincrease-increasing-increase;expand-expandingexpansion;rise-rising-rise;improve-improved-improvement; extend-extended-extension;pessimistic,gloomy,depressed,depressing,hopeless,sad,blue,unhappy,low-spirited,mournful[ˈmɔːnfl,dismal,miserable,glum,broken-hearted,downinthedumps(informal),E.g.Doctorsarepessimisticabouthischancesofmakingafullrecovery.gloomy(a.):的,忧郁的,E.g.Frankdismissedthesegloomythoughtsfromherblue(a.):这个词可以解释为蓝调即悲伤忧郁的音乐,不过只能用复数形式E.g.Sheusuallycallshermotherwhenshe’sfeelingblueblue-blooded表示出生于皇室家族或者社会地位很高的bluebook这个词大家可千万不要多想，它一般指英国发布的蓝皮书（封面通常是蓝色的（yellowpages黄页即包含和公司地址的黄色封面bluemovie，不过这种用法差不多已经过时了，现在一般都bluechip蓝筹股即表现优异的，或者值得投资的bluecollar加速，前进：accelerate,speedupadvance,hastenquicken,developE.g.Thedeclineofherhealthseemedtosuddenly.):develop常用的几个词条developliverdisease得病developthepictures冲advance(v.):进步，前进 ogous,twin,alike(a.):E.g.Thetwoversionsofthetextarealikeinmanyresemble(v.):E.g.Soldiersaretrainedunderconditionsthatcloselyresemblerealidentical(a.):E.g.ThishouseisalmostidenticaltotheonewhereIlivedasastill:stillstillsame的相关词ogous(a.):|əˈnæləgəs|E.g.Marineconstructiontechnologylikethisisverycomplex,somewhat ogoustotryingtobuildabridgeunderwater.twin(n./v./a.):记住和就记住这个单词了，本意是双胞胎的意E.g.identicalE.g.thetwinproblemsofpovertyandunemployment/MeetmytwinE.g.TheoperatwinsthethemesofloveandE.g.ChichesterinEnglandistwinnedwithChartresincolour(redblue,brown,etc.),hue,pigmentshade,tinttone,colour的同义词并不是很多，从上的变化来看，对colour变成几种具体的颜色，这需要大家在考试的时候huen.):色彩/E.g.HerpaintingscapturethesubtlehuesofthecountrysideinE.g.politicalopinionsofeveryhue(=ofmany表示深色的形容词：dark,deep,表示浅色的形容词：light,pale,soft,表示颜色很鲜艳，很亮的形容词：brightbrilliant,shaden.):E.g.adelicatepalerichsoftshadeofredpigment,dye(n.):颜料，重要的,必要的,必不可少的，关键的，有意义的，al,indispensable,necessary,key,pivotal,chiefprincipal,leading,historic,反义词：unimportant,trivial,minor,irrelevant,insignificant)significant(a.):E.g.Volunteertutoringprogramscanhaveasignificantimpactonstudentachievement.E.g.Asignificantnumberofdriversstillrefusetowearseatbelts.critical(a.):至关重要的，危及的E.g.Foreigntrade ofcriticalimportancetotheEightpeoplewerekilledandfourarestillinacriticalcondition.题外话：criticalpoint在游戏中可以指暴击点数的意思momentous(a.):有意义的[məˈmentəs]E.g.TherevolutiontakingceinEasternEuropemustbecountedasoneofmostmomentouseventsofthisvital(a.):E.g.RegularexerciseisvitalforyourE.g.Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportance tothenationaleconomy.(ofvitalimportance=veryimportant)vitalsigns:生命特征（判断一个人是否还活着，例如心跳，体温等indispensablea.):E.g.Internationalcooperationisindispensabletoresolvingtheproblemofthedrugsimilar和same紧急的，迫不及待的,的urgent,pressing,crucial,critical,immediate,pressing(a.):E.g.Povertyisamorepressingproblemthanimmediate(a.):急切的，迫切的，接近/的（这个词条非常常用，特别是E.g.Thereis immediatedangerofE.g.Itisathrivingshopcentreforthepeoplewholiveinthe (=local)area.immediatefamily:直系亲属（父母，，兄弟姐妹等长期的，慢性的chronic,persistent,long-term,habitual,long-standing, chronic(a.):这个单词的本意是慢性的，引申出长期的意思，或者说是这个单E.g.chronicheartE.g.ThereisachronicshortageofE.g.Hewasachronicalcoholicandunabletoholddownajob./chronicgambler（古罗马，古希腊的神话故事来背单词是种不错的培养的背单词的方法介绍）chronometer计时仪（常用语科学领域的）habituala.):习惯性的（养成习惯了，那肯定是长期形成的E.g.anhabituallong-standing(a.):E.g.along-standingartificialin ligence(AI)=machinereasoningartificiala.):E.g.anartificiallimbflowersweetenerfertilizer/colourssynthetic(a.):人工合成的E.g.syntheticfalse(a.):，错误的（在某些时候人工的，合成的，不就是大家眼中的假货么？不是到大家有没有看过前段时间的那个四溢的侯总，他说falseteeth/hair/eyelashesetc假牙/假发/falsefriend:就是来自一对不同两个语言的词（或者是两个字母表中的字母）manufactureda.):（manu-这个前缀本来是表示用手工制造的意思，例如：Thefirmmanufactureswomen’sclothing.）E.g.anewsstorymanufacturedbyanunscrupulous联系,连接,linkassociate,connectrelate,tie,unite,attachtie(v.):E.g.MysociallifeandbusinesslifearecloselytieE.g.ThefirstgameendedinaE.g.Jasonhadtakenoffhisjacketandloosenedhistietheknot结婚(非正式说法，一种很形象化的说法：打上蝴蝶结，类似于我attachv.):E.g.Acopyofmyresumeisattachedtothis entnE.g.oldpeople's enttotraditionalcustomsE.g.I'llsendthespreadsheetasan ent.E.g.achild's enttoitsmotherbindv.)绑定这个词的发音和汉语解释绑定非常的接近，可以帮助大家linkAto/withB;associateAwithB;connectAto/withB;tieAtoB;relateAtoB;bindAtoB;足够的，充分的,sufficientadequate,enoughabundantample,plentyof,considerable,plentiful,sufficientaE.g.sufficienttime/resources/informationE.g.Willthegrowthinoutputbesufficienttomeettheincreaseddemand?adequate(a.):E.g.anadequatesupplyofhotwater反义词：inadequateE.g.Thereisalackofadequateprovisionfordisabledabundant(a.):E.g.Wehaveabundantevidencetoprovehisguilt.amplea.):Aisample.anofficecomplexwithampleparking这个词还可以用于幽默的说女性的身材很胖：awomanwithanamplefigureconsiderable(a.):大量的，不要想当然得把这个词的意思想象成和考虑有关。这个词和足够的有些区别，但再次强调它和足够的意思并不，他们之间的关系很像necessary和important，在考试这种主要是考生语言和理解能就变成资格考试啦。E.g.issuesofconsiderableE.g.We'vesavedaconsiderableamountof战争，军事，military,army,battle(field), s,attack,,crusade,war,thearmeds:/力量arm本意是胳膊的，动词的意思是装备的意（equip）,所以armed解释为E.g.Manyofthegangs armedtotheteeth(=carryingalotofweapons).armed还可以解释为用知识或者技能来自己：E.g.Shecametothemeetingarmedwithallthefactsandfigurestoproveuswrong.crusade(n.):[kruːˈseɪd]11-13世纪之间欧洲天主教国家在解放耶路撒冷的之下对亚洲国家发动的。到了现代，它的意义已参战者服装均饰以为标志，故称“十字军”。其实这场并不是正义E.g.Theyledanunsuccessfulcrusade ernmentE.g.acrusadeforequal ：和历史有关的WOW,HEROES(无敌)等，里面的很多职业都是来源于历史典故或者神话一句话主要靠无处不在的才是学：attack(v.):这个词相信不用解释，给出大家很熟悉的一句话：Our sareunderattack.theservices：在中服隔绝，孤立，分离isolation,separation,deta ent,disconnect,insulate, desolate,remote,isolation(n.):E.g.Becauseofitsgeographicalisolation,theareadevelopeditsownuniqueculture. ent(n.):E.g.Heansweredwithanairofdeta insulate(v.):［ˈɪnsjʊleɪt］insulatingtape绝缘胶带lonely(a.):孤独的（从而不开心的alone的区别（alonetravelalone）desolate(v.):[ˈdesələt]荒凉的，空虚的E.g.Insomeofthemoredesolateregions,halfoftheactivepopulationisoutofremote(a.):E.g.remotecontrol；remotechance/possibility机会渺茫expression,statement,announcement,declaration:E.g.aceasefireTheDeclarationofIndependence（the writtenin1776,inwhichthethirteenBritishcoloniesinAmericaofficiallystatedthattheywereanindependentnationandwouldnolongeragreetoberuledbyBritain.Themostfamouspartofitis:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenareequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.）highestpoint,peak(n./v.):E.g.FiguresproducedataWorldEnergyConferenceshowedthatoilandgasproductionshouldreachapeakbetween1985and2000.E.g.Windspeedspeakedat105mphyesterdaysummit(n.):山顶/（就是国家首脑间的会议）E.g.ManypeoplehavenowreachedthesummitofMount（crown(n./v.):本意是大家可以注意丰田有款车型就叫车尾会印（crown这个单词E.g.crownprince（thesonofakingorqueen,whoisexpected ethecrowncrowncolony（acolonycontrolledbythe 脆弱的，容易受到的fragile,sensitive,vulnerable,delicate,frail,weak,susceptible,tender, umrisks,powerless,feeble,weedy,flimsy|ˈflɪmzi|,rickety|ˈrɪkəti|摇晃的,jerry-built,badlymade,fragile(a.):E.g.Relationsbetweenthetwocountriesarein fragilesensitivea.):frail(a.):[freɪl]E.g.frailfeeblea.):E.g.afeeblesusceptibleasəˈseptəblE.g.Childrenareparticularlysusceptibletothedisease.delicatea.):E.g.Thesuncaneasilydamageachild'sdelicateskin.有的attractive,charming,good-looking,inviting,lovely,pretty,pleasant,tempting,engaging(engage),inviting(a.)的迷人的:E.g.aninvitingsmell(英英解释：somethingthatisinvitingisattractiveandmakesyouwanttoexperienceit)engaging(a.):有的E.g.oneofhermostengagingandleastknownE.g.engagingfall,decline,descend,dive,drop,plummet（v.）坠落|ˈplʌmɪt|,plunge,sink,decrease(improve),godown,slump,cut,dip,dependon,relyupon(on),counton,leanon,reckonon,reston,bank金融福利工资fund,finance,payfor,subsidize,salary,economic,welfare,wage,money, e,fee,welfare(n.):福（健康和这个词不要和farewell弄了这个词是古语表示再见的意思有不讲述关于的叫Farewell,myconcubine—welfare和钱是相关词。E.g.Annabellestoppedgettingwelfarebenefitswhenherhusbandlandedaminimum-wagejob.subsidize(v.):|ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz|（sub-这个前缀的意思表示：underorbelowparticularlevelorE.g.Farmingisheavilysubsidized(=subsidizedalot)by wagen./v.):E.g.ThewageincreaseswillcomeintoeffectinE.g.minimumwage/wage- (anenvelopethatcontainsyourE.g.wagean/struggle/battleetc；wagewar(onagain,oncemore,anew,afresh,in第一，最初，最早first,earliest,oldest,initial,original(反义词copy),introduction,commencement,pioneer,coin,launch,debut,E.g.ThenewcancertreatmentwaspioneeredintheearlyeightiesbyDrSylviaE.g.Hewas pioneerinthefield initiala./v.):DInitialDrift(drift是漂移的意思E.g.Thetwocountrieshaveinitialledanewdefenceco-operationE.g.initialoriginala这个词在阅读中很多时候用来修饰一件艺术品，意思就是说这件originalcopy是反义E.g.theoriginalcoinv.):发明，创造（当然包含第一次的意思了E.g.Theword'cybershot'wascoinedbyintroduction(n.):引进theactofbringingsomethingsomewhereforthefirstE.g.theintroductionofBuddhismtonearly2000yearslaunch(v.):我们熟知的意思为火箭的发射，考试中常用的意思为开始或者推E.g.The hopestolaunchthenewdrugbynextOctober.debut(n./v.):|ˈdeɪbjuː|初次登场E.g.PaulaistheonlytoachievefournumberonesfromadebutE.g.HemadehisMajorLeaguedebutasE.g.TheshowwilldebutnextMondayathazard|ˈhæzəd|,danger,risk,threat,jeopardy|ˈdʒepədi|,usual,normal,commongeneral,habitual,ordinaryregular,routine,typical,habituala.):E.g.anhabitualsmoker/drinker/liar/criminalroutine(a./n.):例行公事，常规E.g.Stayingatyourdeskuntil7.30pm eE.g.routineimpossible,outofthequestion,unachievableunobtainable,impracticable,extra,additional,addedignore,overlook,neglect,passover,turnablindeyeto,change,modify,alter,shift,vary,convert,mutate|mjuːˈteɪt|,easy,notdifficult,child'sy,effortless,notrouble,apieceofdampwetmoisthumidcaven.):同样的，cave和潮湿的意思也是相关，但不同义，这种同义关系属于特征类damp(a.):E.g.dampmoist(a.):E.g.Hereyesweremoist(=withhumid(a.):E.g.Theislandishotandhumidintheobject,oppose,argueagainst, ,disagree,dispute,vision,sight,appreciate,beawareof,realize,curve,bend,arc,breed,produce,arouse,bringabout,cause,generate,giveriseto,leadto,resultin,contributeto,beresponsiblefor,create,breed(v./n):本义：繁殖/品种，引申为产生(原句：Isolationbreedslinguisticdiversity地域的导致/产生语言的多样性)E.g.PovertyisabreedinggroundforE.g.Poorlivingconditionsbreedandcontributeto:contributeE.g.Stressis contributingfactorinmanyarouse(v.):E.g.Heworkshardtoarousehisstudents'bringabout:E.g.Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythedestructionoftherain generate(v.):E.g.Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewgeneration(n.):有产生还有一代人的意思E.g.the newgeneration GenerationX：90后（没有目标的一代人 ：80extinctvanishedgone,lost(lossdieoutkilloffdisappearabsence,extinct(a.):这个词很多考生不会用，注意这个词是形容词，不是动词（不要be动词。E.g.Dinosaurshavebeenextinctformillionsofextinctvolcano死火山/activevolcano活火山/dormantvolcanovanish(v.):E.g.arapidlyvanishingwayofE.g.Thebirdvanishedfromsight.absence(n.):缺少，缺乏E.g.ThecasewasdismissedintheabsenceofanydefiniteE.g.absencemakestheheartgrowfonderdiversity,difference,variety,diverseness,range,inevitable|ɪnˈevɪtəbl|必然发生的,unavoidable,certain,sure,inescapable必然的不可逃避的,疾病，痛苦comcomint(n.):委婉语：疾病/抱怨，dis-ease就是轻松，舒服的意思，由此可见，disease其实本来也是个委婉语，后来逐渐的就没有委婉的意思了，comint也有这个趋势。E.g.akidneycomint（可不要解释为肾脏的抱怨E.g.minorcomintslikeheadachesupset(n.):stomachupsetafflictionn.):E.g.Smokingisamajorcauseofcancerandotherafflictions.ailment(n.)［ˈeɪlmənt］:不是很严重的病E.g.minormaladayn.):E.g.Violentcrimeisonlyoneofthemaladiesafflictingmodernbecause(of),dueto,since,for,byreasonof,inthat,onaccountof,owingto,thanks独特的unique,gifted,unparalleled, parable,unequalled,unrivalled,unique和gifted是中出现的一对相关词。原文中某些运动员的很独uniqueaE.g.Joanhasauniquetalentforlanguages.unparalleled(a.):无与伦比的E.g.Hehasanunparalleledknowledgeoflocalparable(a.):E.g.Hewas parablenutritiondietfoodnutrimentmovie,film,feature,picture,motionpicture,movingpicturefeature(n.):E.g.TherewereacoupleofshortcartoonsbeforethemainE.g.doublefeature(=whentwofi areshowntogether)motionpicture:(AM)=movieE.g.themotionpicturedamage,harm,hurt,impair,ruin,destroy,weaken,spoil,leisure(n.)空闲recreationsparetime,ease,relaxation妨碍抑制阻碍inhibit|ɪnˈhɪbɪt|,hinder,impede,obstruct,stop,hamper,forbidobstacle,barbarrierblock,hurdle,obstructionimpedimentprevent,ban,difficulty,sole,onlyalone,exclusive.single,solitaryprivilege(n.):，有篇文章说的是artificialreef(人造礁石)，其中有个内，说的是有个政策就是给予渔民们：如果这块礁石是由这个地区的渔民造的并且带来了鱼群，那么这些鱼就专属于这些渔民。大家想想在这里pivlege（）是不是就是表示只有他们才有的权利，是不是排他性的。再给个例子车例如闯红灯不犯（非执勤情况而且不鸣警笛的情况）是不是的呢？，再如，学校是不是家孩子的呢？以特低价买商品房是不是某些的呢？E.g.Agoodeducationshouldnotjustbeaprivilegeoftherich.sole(n.):唯一的E.g. hasthesolerightstomarketEltonJohn'sexclusive E.g.OurpricesareexclusiveofsalesE.g.mutuallyexclusiveE.g.exclusivereport/interview/coverageE.g.anexclusivegirls'school（exclusiveces,organizations,clothesetcaresoexpensivethatnotmanypeoplecanaffordtouseorbuythem）alone(a./adv.):E.g.Theteamearnedoveramillionpoundsfromevisionalonelastyear.rural,country,agricultural,countryside,stress,burden,pressure,tension,distinct,different,detached,agree,infavourof,consent,comply,偶然的，不的bychance,byaccident,accidentally,unintentionally,阅读考试中还有种可能性就是文章描述一个，来说明它的偶然性。例如（fail,fail的意思，这也是事例法。byaccident:E.g.Thediscoverywasmadealmostbyunintentional:E.g.Defenseattorneysclaimedtheshootingwasunintentional.al：E.g.aldamagebenefit,improvement,advantage,profit,no,without,none,absence,lack,deficiency,nothing,zero,failure, complex,complicated,simple,easy, 居住settle,inhabit,dwell,live,reside, people(v.):E.g.TheregionhastraditionallybeenpeopledbyE.g.anislandpeopledbyhardymeasure,gauge,calculate,calibrate,weigh,compute,，超过，在……exceedbeyondsurpassbeatbeyond(prep.):BEYOND乐队应该很熟悉吧（等Whatdangersandrewardslieinwait（toremainhiddeninaceandwaitforsomeonesothatyoucanattacktheme.g.agiantcrocodilelyinginwaitforitsprey）beyondtheDarkPortal()?魔兽世界TBC介绍中的一句话E.g.theyear2005andE.g.Thesituationisbeyondourcontrol.exceed(v.):E.g.exceedthespeedlimitE.g.SuchtasksarefarbeyondthescopeoftheaverageThebeyondsurpass(v.):Hewasdeterminedtosurpasstheachievementsofhisolderoutdo(v.):Thekidsweretryingtooutdoeach，认识到,辨别beawareof,appreciate,perceive,realize,recognize,notice,see,.):E.g.Wedidn’tfullyappreciatethathewasseriouslyE.g.Herabilitiesarenotfullyappreciatedbyheremployer.appreciate在金融行业还可以解释为（货币的）增值E.g.Mostinvestmentsareexpectedtoappreciateatasteadyperceive(v.):E.g.Catsarenotabletoperceiverapid,quick,fast,swift,innotime,immedia y,atonce,rightaway,withoutdelay,instantly,express,dominant,popular,ruling,fashionable,prevalent,prevailing,common,usual,typical,keepbusy,financial,salary,money,commercial,economic,welfare,capital,elderly,theaged,advancingyears,greyhair,seniorcoast,shore,beach,seaside, exchange,others,interchange,swap,switch,barter,visual,visible,3D,disclosed,reproduce,copy,duplicate,replicate,imitate,emulate,mimic,nearbyneighboring,adjacentadjoining,nextto,nearimmediate,close,notfar,.):E.g.Itisathrivingshopcentreforthepeoplewholiveinthe area.(=localarea)E.heimmediateadjacent(a.):E.g.Thesiteofthenewbuildingisadjacenttothereduce,cut,decrease,sip,dip,slide,descend,goaccountfor,have,makeup,takeup,constitute,comprise,represent,emit,giveoff,discharge,sendout,castout,emission,leak,release,但是，尽管however,infact,luckily,actually,nevertheless,nonetheless,notwithstanding,though,yet,asamatteroffact,whereas/while,infact,luckilyactuallynfact,asamatteroffact,这几个词的本意都不是但是的yet(conj.):E.g.aninexpensiveyeteffectivesolutiontoourE.g.Theychargeincrediblyhighprices,yetcustomerskeepcomingbackformore.nevertheless(adv.):Havingmanagedsomehowtoskipgoingtocollege,hehasneverthelessmadeafortuneasaveryyoungman.zero,nothing,nil,wealth,plenty,abundance,richness,affluence,fortune,money,custom,habit,tradition,convention,practice,country,nation,state,encounter,face(inthefaceof),confront,runacross,chanceupon,comeclassroom,tuition,schooling,lessons,tutoring, misunderstanding,delusion,accessible(easy),approachable,available,attainable,obtainable,reachable, extermination,wreckage,havoc,destroy,loss,reduction,magazine, evision,radio,mediamediahype：Agreatdealofmediahypesurroundedthereleaseofthegroup'slatestmassmedia：Thecrimereceivedheavycoverageinthemassnewstreamingmediamon,rare,odd,peculiar,scarce,unusual,underdeveloped,rudimentary,undeveloped,fundamental,elementary,initial,keen(vision),exceptional,remarkable,excellent,extraordinary,marvelous,outstanding,phenomenal,superior,mating,courtship,partner,spouse,husbandorwife,follow,track,trail,stalk,shadow,hound,chase,dog,(be)surprised,(be)takenaback,astonish,stun,bi-2，例如：bilingualeducation双语教学 l;uniform； 下面给大家简单介绍下罗马历中十二个月份的来历（公历一年有12个月，于古罗马历法。罗马原来只有10个月，古罗马帝决定增加两个月放在年尾，后来·把这两个月移到年初，成1月、21月、23月、4月，依次类推。这就是今天January——1月在罗马中有一位名叫的守护神生有先后两February——2月每年2月初罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒欢庆菲勃。这一天，人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子，不育的妇女，以求怀孕生子。这一天，人们还要自己过去一年的罪过，洗刷自己的灵拉丁文Februar-ius（即菲勃）演变而来。March——3月3月，原是罗马旧历法的1月，新年的开始。改133月看做是一年的开始。们便把这位的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。英语3月March，便是由这位April——4月4May——5月罗马神话中的女神玛雅，专门司管春天和生命。为了纪念这June——6月 罗马神话中的，是众神之王，又是司管和保护妇女的神古罗马对她十分崇敬便把6月奉献给她以名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6月。英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。也有学者认为，Junius可能是拉丁中一个显赫的姓氏。July——7月罗马者·被刺死后，著名的罗马将军马克·建议将诞生的7月，用的名字——拉丁文Julius（即）命名之。这议得到了元老院的通过。英语7月July由此演变而August——8月·死后，由他的甥大维续任罗马。为了和齐名，他也想用自己的名字来命名一个月份。他的生日在9月，但887月少一天，为了一天。英语8月August便由这位的拉丁语尊号演变而来。September——9月老历法的7月，正是历法后的9月，拉9September，便由此演变而来。October——10月英语10月，来自拉Octo，即“8”的意思。它和上面9月一样，历法改了，称呼仍然沿用未变。November——11月罗马奥古斯都和都有了自己名字命名的月梯比没有同意，他明智地对大家说，如果罗马每个都用自己的名Novem，即拉“9”的意思。英语11月November便由此演变而来。December——12月罗马琉要把一年中最后一个月用他的Amagonius的名字来命名，但遭到元老院的。于是，12月仍然沿用旧名Decem，即拉"10"的意思。英语12月December，便由此演变而来。reject,throwaway(out),discard,scrap,getridof,abandon,drop,castover,during,between,within,throughout,during/in/throughout/overthecourseof,over(prep.):E.g.OverthenextfewdaystheygottoknowthetownE.g.CanwetalkaboutthisoverE.g.Inthecourseofresearchingcustomerneeds,wediscoveredhowfewfamilieshaveadequatelifeinsurancecrashcoursefoundationcoursecorrespondencecourserefreshercourseerode,weardown(away),abrade,consume,corrode,deteriorate,grind,abuse,maltreatment,business,entrepreneurship,enterprise,firm,,corporate,venture,establishment,corporationslight,modest,small,insignificant,minor,trivial,fair,limited,small,unexceptional,middling,refundrepaypaybackreimburse,re-back的意思，这个前缀也可以用来表again的意思refund(n./v.):E.g.YouwillreceiveafullrefundifyoucanceltheE.g.Saturday'sconcertiscanceled,andticketswillberefunded.reimburse(v.):E.g.The duce,provide,supply,magma,lava,liquidrock,molten客观的,公正的objective,unbiased,impartial,unprejudiced,fair,even-handed,disinterested,equitable,just,neutral,balanced,equal,objective(a.):E.g.anobjective ysisassessmentreportunbiased(a.):没有偏见的E.g.WeaimtoprovideaservicethatisbalancedandImpartial(a.):E.g.Agoodsystemmustbeaccessible,impartial,speedy,open,andunprejudiced(a.):-prideandpejudic（Jane这当中最著名的一句话是：Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.even-handed(a.):E.g.TheBBChasthereputationofbeingeven-handedinitscoverageofelectionnews.even除了有甚至的意思之外，还有水平和平稳的意思，例如：Thetablewobblingbecausethefloorwasn’tquiteeven.AirportOnWater里面有这么句话：Thissettlementisrarelyeven.大家可以结合那篇文章的背景来翻译disinterestedaE.g.Alawyershouldprovidedisinterestedadvice.neutral(a.):中立的E.g.RussiapromisedtoremainneutralunlessGermanyattackedequitable(a.):E.g.Competitionthatisstructuredcarefully,however,canproducemoreequitableresultsthanservicedeliverybyapublicmonopoly.taxing,tough,trying,wearing,daunting,exacting,demanding(a.):E.g.ademandingjob/ademandingE.g.Climbingisphysicallytaxing(a.):E.g.Youneedasoundnight'ssleeptoprepareyouforthetaxingjourneytrying(a.):E.g.Theydothebesttheycanintryingcircumstances.wearing(a.):exactingdistortreality,dishonest,deform,bend,twist,cheating,,record,report,log,writedown,file,account,abroad,inforeignlands,overseas,outofthecountry,nursery(n.):E.g.Nurseryschoolsshouldfulfillthefunctionofpreparingchildrenfor(acewheresmallchildrenarecaredforwhiletheirparentsareatE.g.ShenursedherdaughterbacktoE.g.nurseanambition/agrievance/aprofitable,achievecommercialsuccess,money-making,cattle,beef,infant,earlychildhood,baby,relaxation,sport,有名的著名的famous,well-known,celebrated,prominent,renowned,distinguished,acclaimed,noted,notable,long-established,eminent,reliable,celebrated(a.):E.g.acelebratedprofessorE.g.MartinLutherKingJr.gavehiscelebratedspeechbeforetheLincolnMemorialincelebrityn.)prominent(a.):E.g.Shewasprominentinthefashionwell-establisheda.):受人尊敬和信任的（和著名的意思还是有细微差别，不过并不，所以是相关词）E.g.awell-establishedhoreliable(a.):可靠的）grant,give,allocate,allot,award,assign,confer,complywith,abideby,adhereto,conformto,obey,follow,在…之前，早于…priorto,before,earlierthan,inadvanceof,aheadof,previously,formerly,beforehand,ontheeveof,priorto:E.g.Theneseemedtocatchfireafewsecondspriortotakingoff.ontheeveof:E.g.ontheeveoftheelectionChristmasstarving,hungry,famished,ravenous,starved,optimistic,hopeful,confident,encouraged,expectant,positive,trash,rubbish,garbage,junk,refuse,waste,litter,disdain,contempt,arrogance,scorn,intense(heat),extreme,excessive,fierce,great,poor,impoverished,poverty-stricken,onthebreadline,needy,indigent,penurious,destitute,exclusive,luxurious,rip-off,posh,Rolls-Royce莱斯这种车比，那么说明它的质量和价格怎么样呢？这里再补充些一些高档车E.g.theRolls-Royceofrip-off:中的黑店就是这么说得，可不要说成blackshop(rip是撕碎的意思 bird,desertdriestpartsencyclopedia(n.):theEncyclopediaofE.g.awalkingA-Z:AZ的相关信息都包含进去的话，那么一定是百heat,hightemperature,目标,targetgoalaimobjecttarget(n./v.):E.g.AcollectionlikethismakesyourhouseanobvioustargetforE.g.primeE.g.anewbenefittargeted eobject(n.):E.g.Theobjectoftheexercisewastobuildasenseofobjective(n.):E.g.careerobjectives/ plishanobjective/achieve/meetandouble,twice,twotimes,coupled,dual,twofold,duplicate,justified,reasonable,acceptable,logical,sensible,usible,practical,sound,rational,well-organized,like,enjoy,befondof,bekeenon,delightin,gofor,love,favour,preferimmigrant, consistof,becomposedof,bemadeupof,comprise,contain,include,involve,amountto,feature,standard,universal,usual,established,accepted,customary,orthodox,locate,situate,standseatlocated(a.):E.g.Thebusinessislocatedrightinthecenterofcity.situated(a.):E.g.Theho isideallysituatednearthesea-front.stand(v.):E.g.Thecastlestandsonthesiteofanancientbattlefield.seat(v.):E.g.Mrs.Summerwasseatedatthetabledirectlyoppositehervaried,different,various,diverse,heterogeneous,assorted,miscellaneous,habitat,house,home,abode,domicile,dwelling,密集的,稠密的，厚的,dense,heavy(heavilypopulatedarea),condensed,compact,impenetrable,opaque,dense(a.):E.g.densely-populatedarea=heavily-populatedE.g.a thick(a.):E.g.Thefurniturewasthickwithdust(=therewasthickdustontheE.g.thick-condense(v):E.g.ThiswholechaptercouldbecondensedintoafewE.g.condensedcompact(a.):E.g.acompact pactspread,advance,broaden,expand,extend,sprawl,stretch,widen,develop,proliferation,sweep, account,description,exnation,narrative,report,statement,上瘾的，沉溺于，依赖于致力于addicted(to),dependent,hooked,habituated,devoted,obsessed,beaddictedto:E.g.kidsareoftenaddictedtosurfingtheNet.addict(n.):E.g.TV/ gameetcaddictdependent(a.):E.g.Norway'seconomy heavilydependentonnaturalobsesseda.):本意：过度关心/E.g.AlotofyounggirlsareobsessedbytheirE.g.HewasobsessedbyadesireforE.g.Thethoughtofseeinghimagaincompleyobsesseddevoted(a.):E.g.Thejournalhadadevotedfollowingofaround1000E.g.amuseumdevotedtodevote(v.):E.g.Shedevotedherselffull-timetoherE.g.She'sdevotingallherenergiestotheweddingprofits,salary,takings,wages,receipts,approach,way,means,concept,idea,conception,view,theory,outofdate,outdated(backbone),old-fashioned,antiquated,dated,expired,invalid,obsolete,passé,outmoded,outworn(=wornout),（support当然的认为是背对着所以表示的意思Backbone就是人身上最重要的outofdate:E.g.out-of-dateantiquated(a.):E.g.Hospitalssufferfrominadequatefacilities,antiquatedequipmentandshortagesofmedicals.expireda.):过期的(ex-outofexport,E.g.TheleaseontheflatexpiredonJuneobsolete(a.):E.puterhardware becameE.g.Willcomputers render(=make) booksobsolete?passé:来自于法语outworn(a.):E.g.outworn好处，优势，价值merit,worth,value,advantage,excellence,goodness,strongpoint,quality,advantage,benefit,plusquality(n./a.):这个词本身就有质量好的意思，并不一定需要面加highpapercupE.g.winesofE.g.qualitynewspapers/pressworth(n.):E.g.Thenewcomputersystemhasalreadyproveditsworth这个词很容易用错当想表示某物值时这个时候wort