口译常用速记符号

PAGEPAGE4口译中常用的速记符号∵:因为,由于，幸亏；because,dueto,thanksto……

∴:所以,因此，结果是；so,therefore,consequently……≠:不等于,不同，有差距；different,disparity……

≈:约等于,大约，大概；about,almost,nearly……

＞:大于,超过，高于；surpass,exceed,morethan,superiorto……

＜:小于,少于，低于；lessthan,inferiorto……

≤:小于或等于

≥:大于或等于

=:等于,意味着,一致，公平；thesameas,equalto,meanto,similarto…….

×:错误，不好的，否面的；wrong,negative,mistake,bad,not,wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，……

√:正确，好的，肯定;right,correct,good,positive,affirmative……

N:不同意;disagree……

Y:同意;agree……

↑:上升，扩大，提升，发展，增加，起飞;up,rise,increase……

↓:下降，向下，下调，减少，恶化，裁减;down,decrease……

↗:促进,发展,上扬，越来越好；↘:下挫，不断亏损；＋:强，好,另外，多;strong,good，plus,add,moreover,besides……

＋＋:更强，更好;stronger,better……+3 :表示"多"的最高级：most－:弱，差,减去，出去，除了;weak,minus,deduct,inshortof,except……

――:更弱，更差;weaker,worse……-3:

æ:行动，行为，法案；action,act……[]:在……之中，在……之内;among，within，between……∈:属于；belongto……→:导致，结果，向前，到达，交给，输出;leadto,go,arriveat……

←:来自，源于，进口，收到，邀请，回顾，是……的结果;(be)invited★:优秀的，杰出的V:胜利？:问题、疑问

＆:和,与,和……一道and,togetherwith，alongwith，accompany,etc.

=＞:结论是./:一方面;;/.:另一方面;./.:关系

□:国家country,state,nation,□/□:国与国><:对立，冲突＜＜:波折twistsandturns⊙:会议,会面,研讨会∩：进入

∞ ：接触，交往//：停顿，中止，结束

⊥：分歧**：非常、十分重要

≡：坚持!：奇观,危险，警告，当心@：有关∽：替换为

‖：但是∥.：与……比较而言

○：空洞△：代表：交换口译中常用的字母符号

Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的 右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。C 表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,etc.

E数学符号表示总值。G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。A表示农业:agriculture.agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。B表示商业：business。

C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表employee)。

I表示工业:industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来表示工业。

U U看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty,agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入1表示:Unilateralism（单边主义）如果填入2，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)，填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"×/"表示谈判破裂。T表示"领导人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等和fishery有关的词汇。

O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示开心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示听到、众所周之;asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,:表示各种各样"说"的动词：say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.

?表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?

.(dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday,".2m"表示twomonthago,".y"表示lastyear,"y"表示thisyear,"y2."twoyearlater,"nextweek",可以表示为"wk."AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S

=

sum

f

=

frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf

=

compare

e.g.

=

example

dept

=

department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol

=

politics

dem

=

democracy

lib

=

liberal

cap

=

capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres

=

presentation

subj

=

subject

ind

=

individual

cons

=

conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc

=

associate

biol

=

biology

info

=

information

ach

=

achievement

chem

=

chemistry

max

=

maximum

intro

=

introduction

conc

=

concentration

min

=

minimum

rep

=

repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd

=

prepared

prblm

=

problem

estmt

=

estimate

bkgd

=

background

gvt

=

government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't

=

amount

cont'd

=

continued

gov't

=

government

educat'l

=

educational

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts

=

chapters

egs

=

examples

fs

=

frequencies

intros

=

introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg

=

checking

estg

=

establishing

decrg

=

decreasing

exptg

=

experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&

=

and

w/

=

with

w/o

=

without

vs

=

against

\

=

therefore

=

=

isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb

=

German,forexample

ibid

=

Latin,thesamework

o

=

degrees

H2O

=

water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognizableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:

in