《滚动轴承振动(加速度)技术条件及测量方法》研究报告

10《滚动轴承振动〔加速度〕技术条件及测量方法》标准争论报告争论目的和意义结合2023GB/T24610.1-2023、GB/T24610.2-2023、GB/T24610.3-2023GB/T24610.4-2023的相关要求，依据〔加速度〕测量方法，乐观与国际标准和国外先进标准接轨，全面满足NSK公2023年完成了JB/T5314《滚〔加速度〕测量方法》的修订工作。JB/T7047-2023《滚动轴承深沟球轴承振动〔加速度2023JB/T5314《滚动轴承振动〔加速度〕测量方法》修订之后测量方法的内容发生了很大变化，所以有必要对与之配套使用的JB/T7047《滚动轴承深沟球轴承振动〔加速度〕技术条件》标准尽快进展修订。性能判定的需要。国内外争论概况及国内存在的问题〔速度和加速度企业配备的测试手段大都是以加速度为物理量的仪器。比较敏感，在轴承振动测量和故障诊断中振动加速度测量占主要地位。争论内容JB/T5314〔加速度2023年进展了修订，修订的JB/T5314-2023标准对滚动轴承的测试条件发生了很大变化，从而导致了测量值的很大变化。因此JB/T7047《滚动轴承深沟球轴承振动〔加速度〕技术进一步提高。JB/T5314标准修订主要内容原标准JB/T7047依据轴承的内径变化为依据进展试验得到试验数据，进展〔加速度〕和振动〔加速度〕峰值测量时设定的物理量。对轴承轴向载荷低于1s的要求，以保证测量过程数据采集的数量有效性。原标准是取各点测值的算术平均值为振动评价值，而国标是取各面各点测值中的最大值为振动评价级。按修订标准要求对仪器的根底振动加速度级进展了试验验证。测量外径在10mm＜D≤100mm2~4dB；测量外径在100mm＜D≤200mm6~9dB，均能够满足标准修订后的要求。按修订标准对轴向和径向载荷对中精度测量的要求，在两台测振仪上0.13mm0.11°，径向加载机构的轴0.1mm0.15°57差值。利用标准振台输出的固定振幅信号〔对应40dB70dB〕检验电子测量仪器的换挡误差为±0.1dB，满足修订标准规定的不大于±0.3dB要求。验证测量仪器的轴向和径向载荷加载状况，确认加载大小可以满足要12考核了载荷大小对振动〔加速度〕测量结果的影响，抽样同一厂家型号为60045套，正反面各测试6点，由图1可以看出，转速一样，载荷增加，轴承的振动测量值减小。轴承型号6004转速1500r/min轴向载荷40N转速1500r/min轴向载荷70N363534333231轴承型号6004转速1500r/min轴向载荷40N转速1500r/min轴向载荷70N3635343332313029282726251 3 5 7911131517192123252729测量点Mpa0.050.10.150.20.250.30.350.40.450.50.550.60.650.70.75Kg815.823.83240.248.45664.47280.48896104112.2120表2 SN径向加载试验〔气压-公斤〕对应表格〔汽缸为32缸径双杆汽缸〕Mpa0.050.10.150.20.250.30.350.40.450.50.550.60.650.70.75Kg7.214.822.630.639485868778695.4104.5113.5121130.21通过转速监控系统对仪器测量过程中的转速变化状况进展监控，在不转速大小对振动〔加速度〕6202的轴承562所示，载荷一样，转速提高，轴承的振动测量值增大。轴承型号6202轴承型号620235343332282726251357911131517192123252729测量点2分别按原标准和修订标准中的转速和载荷大小要求，对轴承振动加速620556点，二者的比照图如图3轴承型号6205轴承型号6205150N转速1500r/min80N414039383736353433323130292827262513579111315171921232527293验证不同种类和尺寸段轴承在仪器上的测量稳定性。选取国内几个0235710152025，30，35，40，45，50，55，60mm的深沟球轴承样品进展了测量，共29个型号，135NSK公司的深沟球轴承、圆锥滚子轴承和圆柱滚子轴承样品〔共110套〕进展了测量，通过试验验证，转变测量转速和载荷等技术指质量特性。JB/T7047标准修订主要内容样品的选取及尺寸段的划分振动质量水平、试验数据的分布状况，为标准的修订供给牢靠的依据。为此，在收集轴承测试样品时，为了在生产厂家、尺寸系列、尺寸规格、振60017600226003260043600516006260072600826203762043630316205463043620626305262073600176002260032600436005160062600726008262037620436303162054630436206263052620736306362082630716210263082627362816292620036201762025有关内容，JB/T7047《滚动轴承深沟球轴承振动〔加速度〕技术条件》标准的修订拟以轴承外径尺寸进展分段。JB/T5314-2023中对深沟球轴承振动测量施加>10~25(mm)、>25~50(mm)、>50~100(mm)、>100~140(mm)、>140~170(mm)、>170~200(mm)。考虑到深沟球轴承外径30〔mm〕30〔mm〕以下拟以5〔30〔mm〕200〔mm〕10〔mm〕1。〔mm〕0〔mm〕0直径系列2直径系列3直径系列超过〔＞〕到〔≤〕轴承型号厂家个数轴承型号厂家个数轴承型号厂家个数1015604415206066074623624625626144463542026608609542630600053040630063012240505060607070808090测试方法据。测试内容：轴承振动最大值、振动峰值。测试仪器：大连博峰轴承仪器生产的S0910-3振动测量仪。测量方法：按JB/T5314-2023的规定，每套样品轴承正反二面各测三点，动加速度级，各测点峰值的最大值作为该套轴承振动加速度级峰值。轴承样本的统计计算〔mm〕超过〔mm〕超过到0系列9202系列6236246253系列604606607635203060026003600460056006600760086266086276096286000629600162003040403040405050606070708080909010010011011012012013013014014015015016016017017018018019019020062016202630063016203620463036205630462066305620763066208630762106308本次抽样共抽取五个厂家的试样，四个国内的厂家以及一个国外厂家。有七种试样，为了便利，定义七种产品分别为A、B、C、D、E、F、G，其中A为国外厂家，B、C、D为某厂家为同一型号供给的三种不同产品，E、F、G为剩下的三家国内厂家。5-20组试验，得到振动加速度试验值，计(Y)及标准差(S)，以平均值加上两倍标准差作为每一型号轴承的动加速度标准值进展线性回归分析，拟合一次曲线。首先给出试验结果及计算得到的标准值：表5 0系列产品试验结果表厂家及型号 平均值标准差计算标准值A-60426026B-604 25.90.0926.0812C-60426.10.0926.28D-60425.050.047525.145A-60627.30.4128.12B-606 27.90.0928.0817C-60627.950.547529.045D-606280.328.6A-60727.80.3628.52B-607 29.650.227530.105C-6071928.40.4429.28D-60730.30.4131.12A-60826.60.4427.48B-60828.70.4129.52C-6082226.40.3427.08D-608260.226.4E-60826.71.30267789529.30535579A-60928.90.2929.48B-609 29.150.527530.205C-6092430.450.647531.745D-60930.30.5131.32A-600029.30.4130.12B-600031.10.2931.68C-60002629.650.427530.505D-600030.40.3431.08F-600030.50.4531.4A-6001290.429.8B-600129.850.727531.305C-600128.90.2929.48D-60012828.050.247528.545E-600127.70.2128.12F-600130.11.0932.28G-600131.10.6932.48G-6201A-6201G-6201A-6201B-62013229.831.231.451.760.360.447533.3231.9232.345A-600224.70.2125.12F-60023231.70.2132.12A-6003F-60033529.629.90.440.2930.4830.48A-6004270.70710678128.41421356G-60044231.10.6932.48F-600434.50.2535A-60054730.70.4131.52A-6006G-60065535.234.40.160.2435.5234.88A-6007E-60076234.935.40.290.89442719135.4837.18885438A-6008E-6008683838.4670.7071067810.91547541639.4142135640.297617562系列产品试验结果表厂家及型号平均值标准差计算标准值A-6231024.40.2424.88A-62424.20.425B-624C-6241325.1524.950.22750.347525.60525.645D-62424.150.127524.405A-625260.627.2B-625C-6251626.927.70.390.5127.6828.72D-62527.41.0629.52A-62628.30.4129.12B-626C-6261930.3529.50.42750.7531.20531D-62628.851.027530.905B-62729.850.827531.505C-62722291.131.2D-62729.11.3931.88E-6282428.6670.57735026929.82170054E-629A-6292630.33329.60.8164965810.4431.966326530.48F-620030.71.2133.12G-62003031.40.4432.28A-620029.60.54772255830.69544512F-6201302.434.8C-620130.80.3631.52D-620128.80.5629.92E-620126.30.2126.72A-620228.90.2929.48B-620228.850.527529.905C-62023528.10.3928.88D-620228.10.4929.08F-620229.30.6130.52E-620332.10.4933.08A-620331.10.4932.08B-620330.40.8432.08C-62034029.10.5930.28D-620328.150.527529.205F-620329.40.6430.68G-620328.70.4129.52E-620430.30.57735026931.45470054A-62044726.71.2129.12F-620431.71.2134.12E-620531.60.6432.88A-6205F-62055231.832.90.160.2932.1233.48G-620533.20.3633.92A-620662330.70710678134.41421356G-620634.70.6135.92E-620739.20.83666002740.87332023F-62077240.32.2144.72G-620739.31.4142.12E-6208A-62088039.839.90.8366600270.2941.4733202340.48E-6210A-62109041.941.81.490.1644.8842.1273系列产品试验结果表厂家及型号平均值标准差计算标准值A-63530.10.4931.08B-635C-6351931.5530.40.74750.3433.04531.08D-63529.50.5530.6A-6300F-63003529.630.60.5477225581.2430.6954451233.08A-6301F-63013729.830.50.561.0530.9232.6A-63034730.31.0132.32A-63045231.20.3631.92F-630434.92.4939.88G-630431.60.8433.28A-6305F-63056234.136.20.691.3635.4838.92E-630636036G-63067234.90.0935.08A-630637.80.1638.12A-630780380.238.4E-6308A-63089040.240.41.0954451150.4442.39089041.2823Z3等级的制定标准，取其最差位数字。将需要纳入统计的标准值列表。23外径范围0系列2外径范围0系列2系列3系列超到型号外径标准型号外径标准型号外径标准过(mm)值(mm)值(mm)值1015D-6041225.15A-623A-624101324.8824.411520B-606A-607171928.0828.52A-625A-626161927.229.12D-6351930.6D-6082226.4C-6272231.22026A-6092429.48E-6282429.82A-60002630.12A-6292630.482630E-60012828.12A-62003030.7A-60023225.12E-62013226.72A-63003530.73040A-60033530.48C-62023528.88A-63013730.92D-62034029.214050A-6004A-6005424728.4231.52A-62044729.12A-63034732.32E-62077240.87G-63067235.087080A-62088040.48A-63078038.4外径0系列2系列外径0系列2系列3系列超范围到过型号外(mm)径标准型号外(mm)径标准值型号外(mm)径标准C-60412值26.28值A-6231024.881015C-6241325.654050506060705060G-60065534.88A-62055232.12A-63045231.92A-60076235.48A-62066234.41A-63056235.486070A-60086839.418090A-62109042.12A-63089041.28C-6061729.05D-6251629.52B-6351933.051520D-6071931.12B-6261931.21B-6082229.52D-6272231.882026C-6092431.75E-6282429.82B-60002631.68E-6292631.972630G-60012832.48F-62003033.12F-60023232.12F-62013234.8F-63003533.083040F-60033530.48F-62023530.52F-63013732.6E-62034033.08F-60044235F-62044734.12A-63034732.32A-60054731.52A-60065535.52G-62055233.92F-63045239.88E-60076237.49G-62066235.92F-63056238.92F-62077244.72A-63067238.127080E-62088041.47A-63078038.48090E-62109044.88E-63089042.39E-60086840.3E-60086840.3matlab软件给出结果。图3 Z30系列拟合图形直线方程：y=0.2057x+22.8987图4 Z32系列拟合图形直线方程：y=0.2043x+23.4589图5 Z33系列拟合图形直线方程：y=0.1535x+25.6523图6 Z20系列拟合图形直线方程：y=0.1877x+25.8955图7 Z22系列拟合图形直线方程：y=0.2172x+25.0582图8 Z23系列拟合图形依据计算结果，将每一系列所承受轴承的标准值与拟合计算值进展比照。1520B-606A-60717191520B-606A-607171928.0828.5226.4026.8126.0027.01D-6082226.427.42304029.0731.13405031.1333.18超过到型号0系列外径标准值计算值拟合结果下限上限1015D-6041225.1525.3724.9626.002026A-6092429.4827.8427.0128.25A-60002630.1228.252630E-60012828.1228.6628.2529.07A-60023225.1229.48A-60033530.4830.10A-60044228.4231.54A-60054731.5232.575060G-60065534.8834.2133.1835.24606070A-6007A-6008626835.4839.4135.6536.8935.2437.30708037.3039.35809039.3541.41外径范围2系列拟合结果101525.5026.52外径范围2系列拟合结果101525.5026.521520A-6261929.1227.3426.5227.547080E-62077240.8738.1737.7639.80超过到型号外径标准值计算值下限上限A-623 10 24.8825.50A-6241324.40526.11A-6251627.226.73C-6272231.227.952026E-6282429.8228.3627.5428.77A-6292630.4828.772630A-62003030.729.5928.7729.59E-62013226.7230.003040C-62023528.8830.6129.5931.63D-62034029.2131.634050A-62044729.1233.0631.6333.675060A-62055232.1234.0833.6735.726070A-62066234.4136.1335.7237.76A-62088040.4839.808090A-62109042.1241.8539.8041.85表12 Z33系列拟合结果外径范围3系列拟合结果超过10到15型号外径标准值计算值下限27.19上限27.951520D-6351930.628.5727.9528.72202628.7229.64263029.6430.26303040A-63003530.731.0230.2631.797080G-63067235.0836.7036.4037.93A-63013730.9231.334050A-63034732.3232.8731.7933.335060A-63045231.9233.6333.3334.866070A-63056235.4835.1734.8636.40A-63078038.437.938090A-63089041.2839.4737.9339.47表13 Z20系列拟合结果0系列拟合结果超过10到15型号C-604外径12标准值26.28计算值28.15下限27.77上限28.712026C-6092431.7530.4029.6530.78B-60002631.6830.782630G-60012832.4831.1530.7831.53F-60023232.1231.90F-60033530.4832.47F-6004423533.78A-60054731.5234.725060A-60065535.5236.2235.2837.16外径范围超过 型号2系列外径外径范围超过 型号2系列外径1013拟合结果标准值24.8825.65计算值27.2327.88下限上限1015A-623C-62427.2328.321520C-606D-607171929.0531.1229.0929.4628.7129.65B-6082229.5230.02304031.5333.40405033.4035.286070E-6007E-6008626837.4940.337.5338.6637.1639.03708039.0340.91809040.9142.79151520D-625B-626161929.5231.2128.5329.1928.3229.40D-6272231.8829.847080F-62077244.7240.7040.2642.432026E-6282429.8230.2729.4030.71E-6292631.9730.712630F-62003033.1231.5730.7131.57F-62013234.832.013040F-62023530.5232.6631.5733.75E-62034033.0833.754050F-62044734.1235.2733.7535.925060G-62055233.9236.3535.9238.096070G-62066235.9238.5238.0940.26E-62088041.4742.438090E-62109044.8844.6142.4344.61表15 Z23系列拟合结果外径范围 0系列 拟合结果到 型号 外径 标准值计算值下限上限101530.4031.091520B-6351933.0531.6331.0931.77202631.7732.59263032.5933.13F-63013732.634.094050A-63034732.3235.4534.5035.865060F-63045239.8836.1435.8637.236070F-63056238.9237.5037.2338.59超过3040F-63003533.0833.8233.13超过3040F-63003533.0833.8233.1334.507080A-6306A-6307728038.1238.438.8739.9638.5939.968090E-63089042.3941.3239.9641.32Z1Z4Z级的标准。果的上限根底上取整值，实际取值与计算结果的比照图示如下。图9 0系列计算直线与实际取值比照图10 2系列计算直线与实际取值比照图11 3系列计算直线与实际取值比照Z2Z3Z、Z1、Z4等级的时候，取同一系列的斜率平均值作为其斜率，而截距可以取等差数列来计算。Z1Z4等级的计算方程，承受Z1Z4等级方程的斜率，而Z1等级轴承的计算方程为：y=0.1967x+28.8923Z4等级轴承的计算方程为：y=0.1967x+31.8891。同样的方法计算可以得到2系列的轴承不同等级的方程和3系列轴承的不同等级方程，将最终的计算结果给出如下：表16 Z、Z1、Z4等级方程0系列2系列3系列Zy=0.1967x+31.8891y=0.2108x+28.2568y=0.145x+35.8082Z1y=0.1967x+28.8923y=0.2108x+26.6575y=0.145x+32.4229Z4y=0.1967x+19.9019y=0.2108x+21.8596y=0.145x+22.267由方程计算得到每一尺寸范围内的上下限就可以确定每一等级的标准值了。〔m〕0直径系列2直径系列3直径系列17振动加速度限值超过到超过到101515202026263030404050506060707080809090100100110110120120130130140ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZZ1Z2Z3Z4353229262332302927253835322825363330282433313028263936322926373431292534333129284037333027383532302635343230294137343127403734322837363432314239353229423936343039383634334440363430444138363241403936354542383531464340383443424138374743393733484542403646444340394845403834504744423848464542404946424036524946444050484744425147434137545148464252504946445249454339565350484454525148465450464440585552504656555350485552484642605754524858575552505753494743140150625956545060595754525855514945150160646158565262615956546056525046160170666360585464636158566158545248170180686562605667656360586359555349180190706764625869676562606460575550190200726966646071696764626662585652ZP3标准的制定，承受与Z3标准一样方法，首先给出统计用到的试验结果值。外径范围

0系列

表18 ZP3等级选用轴承型号及其标准值2系列

3系列超过 到

外 径标准值

型号

径标准

外 径标准10

B-604

(mm)12

41.71

A-623

(mm)10

值39.40

(mm) 值C-624 13 40.321520D-606C-607171942.4543.52B-625A-626161942.3142.48A-6351942.12E-6082242.50B-6272242.712026A-6092443.28E-6282442.45B-60002643.88E-6292643.632630C-60012842.32F-62003044.48F-60023244.32E-62013243.08A-63003542.703040F-60033544.92B-62023545.45F-63013746.28A-62034046.724050G-6004A-6005424747.3244.32F-62044748.80A-63034748.125060A-60065547.92A-62055247.60F-63045252.126070A-6007E-6008626852.6052.71A-62066247.70F-63056257.807080E-6207E-6208728050.6961.47E-6306A-6307728054.4553.088090A-62109065.52A-63089056.88Z3一样的拟合方法得到拟合的方程为：ZP30系列：y=0.1909x+38.6007ZP32系列：y=0.2693x+36.1404ZP33系列：y=0.2228x+38.1654Lmax=L+20lgC计算求得，L为有效值，C是振动C=6，由此公式可知峰值与有效值之ZP4Z3Z4等级之间的ZP3ZP4等级的方程为：ZP40系列：y=0.1909x+35.6039ZP42系列：y=0.2693x+34.5411ZP43系列：y=0.2228x+34.7801ZP3ZP4等级的标准值。D〔mm〕0系列2D〔mm〕0系列2系列3系列超过到超过到1015152020262630304040505060607070808090901001001101101201201304结论130140ZP3ZP4ZP3ZP4ZP3ZP4423941394239434042404340444144424441454245434542474447454844494650485046514852515249535055535451555257555653575460585955595662606158615865636360636067656562656270686864676472707066最终得到本次修订的振动加速度级限值和加速度峰值限值〔〔mm〕0直径系列2直径系列3直径系列超过到101515202026263030404050506060707080809090100100110110120120130130140ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZP3ZP4ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZP3ZP4ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZP3ZP4353229262342393230292725413938353228254239363330282543403331302826424039363229264340373431292644413433312927444240373330274441383532302745423534323028454341373431274542403734322947443736343230474542393532294844423936343149463938363432504844403634315046444138363351484140393634525145423835325249464340383553504342413836555347433937345451484542403755524644434038575548454038355653504744423957544846454240605849464240375955524946444159565048474442626051474341386158545148464361585250494644656352494543406360565350484563605452514846676554504644416562585552504765625655535048706855524846436864605754524967645857555250727057534947447066轴承公称外径D〔mm〕0轴承公称外径D〔mm〕0直径系列2直径系列3直径系列超过到超过到140150150160160170170180180190190200ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZZ1Z2Z3Z4ZZ1Z2Z3Z462595654516059575452585551494664615856536261595654605652504766636058556463615856615854524968656260576765636058635955535070676462596967656260646057555272696664617169