prep0812打卡小组独家作业

PREP08-PACK2-CR：81-93题（答案请用红色标出）

InArumville,amongthoseyoungchildrenwithelevatedlevelsofleadintheirblood,fewliveinhousescontaininglead-basedpaint,butmanyliveinareaswherevehiculartrafficisheavy.Thesechildren'selevatedblood-leadlevelsprobablyresultfromleadaddedtogasoline,since,althoughgasolinesoldinandaroundArumvillehasbeenlead-since1990,leadfromvehicleexhaustremainsinthesoilformanyyears.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

ASalesoflead-basedpaintforuseinhomeswasbannedinArumvillein1977.

BVehicletrafficinmostresidentialareasofArumvilleisheaviertodaythanitwastwentyyearsago.

CSomeleadinthesoilcomesfromdeterioratinglead-basedpaintontheexteriorsofbuildings.

DInArumville,children'sblood-leadlevelstypicallyriseduringthewarmsummermonthswhenchildrenfrequently youtdoorsbutnotinthewinterwhenchildrenspendmoretimeindoors.

EIfimproperlycarriedout,theremovaloflead-basedpaintfromolderhousescansignificantlyincreasetheriskthatchildrenlivinginsuchhouseswillingestleaddust.

Technologicalimprovementsandreducedequipmentcostshavemadeconvertingsolarenergydirectlyintoelectricityfarmorecost-efficientinthelastdecade.However,thethresholdofeconomicviabilityforsolarpower(thatis,thepriceperbarreltowhichoilwouldhavetoriseinorderfornewsolarpowerntstobemoreeconomicalthannewoil-firedpowernts)isunchangedatthirty-fivedollars.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,doesmosttohelpex inwhytheincreasedcost-efficiencyofsolarpowerhasnotdecreaseditsthresholdofeconomicviability?

逻辑链分析：

AThecostofoilhasfallendramatically.

BThereductioninthecostofsolar-powerequipmenthasoccurreddespiteincreasedrawmaterialcostsforthatequipment.

CTechnologicalchangeshaveincreasedtheefficiencyofoil-firedpowernts.

DMostelectricityisgeneratedbycoal-firedornuclear,ratherthanoil-fired,power nts.

EWhenthepriceofoilincreases,reservesofoilnotpreviouslyworthexploiting eeconomicallyviable.

Manypeoplesufferanallergicreactiontosulfites,includingthosethatarecommonlyaddedtowineaspreservatives.However,sincethereareseveralwinemakersproducingwinetowhichnosulfitesareadded,thosewhowouldliketodrinkwinebutareallergictosulfitescandrinkthesewineswithoutriskinganallergicreactiontosulfites.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

ASulfitesoccurnaturallyinmostwine.

BThesulfitesthatcanproduceanallergicreactionarealsocommonlyfoundinbeveragesotherthanwine.

CWineswithoutaddedsulfitestendtobeatleastmodera yexpensive.

DApartfromsulfites,thereareothersubstancescommonlypresentinwinethatcantriggerallergicreactions.

EWinewithoutaddedsulfitessometimes

thewineissoldtoconsumers.

esundrinkableevenbefore

Thegeneralavailabilityofhigh-qualityelectronicscannersandcolorprintersforcomputershasmadethecounterfeitingofchecksmucheasier.Inordertodetersuchcounterfeiting,severalbanksntoissuetotheircorporatecustomerschecksthatcontaindotstoosmalltobeaccurayduplicatedbyanyelectronicscannercurrentlyavailable;whensuchchecksarescannedandprinted,thedotsseemtoblendtogetherinsuchawaythattheword"VOID"appearsonthecheck.

Aquestionableassumptionofthe nisthat

逻辑链分析：

Aintheterritoryservedbythebankstheproportionofcounterfeitchecksthataremadeusingelectronicscannershasremainedapproxima yconstantoverthepastfewyears

Bmostcounterfeiterswhouseelectronicscannerscounterfeitchecksonlyforrelativelylargeamountsofmoney

Cthesmallestdotsontheproposedcheckscannotbedistinguishedvisuallyexceptunderstrongmagnification

Dmostcorporationsservedbythesebankswillnothavetopaymoreforthenewchecksthanfortraditionalchecks

Ethesizeofthesmallestdotsthatgenerallyavailableelectronicscannersareabletoreproduceaccura ywillnotdecreasesignificantlyinthenearfuture

EveryfallCroton'sjaysmigratesouth.Thejaysalwaysjoinflocksofmigratingcrookbeakswithwhichtheysharethesamesummerandwinterterritories.Ifajay esseparatedfromthecrookbeaksitis panying,itwandersuntilitcomesacrossanotherflockofcrookbeaks.Clearly,therefore,Croton'sjayslackthenavigationalabilitytofindtheirwaysouthontheirown.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?

逻辑链分析：

ACroton'sjayslaytheireggsinthenestsofcrookbeakswhichbreeduponcompletingtheirsouthernmigration

BThethreespeciesmostcloselyrelatedtocrookbeaksdonotmigrateatall

CInthespring,Croton'sjaysmigratenorthinthe

warblers

ofTattersall

DSpeciesotherthanCroton'sjaysoccasionally

crookbeaks

panyflocksofmigrating

EInthespring,crookbeaksmigratenorthbeforecroton'sjaysdo

Juniorbiomedicalresearchershavelongassumedthattheirhiringsandpromotionsdependsignificantlyontheamountoftheirpublishedwork.Peopleresponsibleformakinghiringandpromotiondecisionsinthebiomedicalresearchfield,however,areinfluencedmuchmorebytheoverallimpactthatacandidate'sscientificpublicationshaveonhisorherfieldthanbythenumberofthosepublications.

Theinformationabove,ifaccurate,arguesmoststronglyagainstwhichofthefollowingclaims?

逻辑链分析：

AEvenbiomedicalresearcherswhoarejustbeginningtheircareersareexpectedalreadytohavepublishedarticlesofmajorsignificancetothefield.

BContributionstothefieldofbiomedicalresearcharegenerallyconsideredtobesignificantonlyiftheworkispublished.

CThepotentialscientificimportanceofnot-yet-publishedworkissometimestakenintoaccountindecisionsregardingthehiringorpromotionofbiomedicalresearchers.

DPeopleresponsibleforhiringorpromotingbiomedicalresearcherscanreasonablybeexpectedtomakeafairassessmentoftheoverallimpactofacandidate'spublicationsonhisorherfield.

EBiomedicalresearcherscansubstantiallyincreasetheirchancesofpromotionbyfragmentingtheirresearchfindingssothattheyarepublishedinseveraljournalsinsteadofone.

Wolvesgenerallyavoidhumansettlements.Forthisreason,domesticsheep,thoughessentiallyeasypreyforwolves,arenotusuallyattackedbythem.InHylantiapriorto1910,farmersneverthelesslostconsiderablenumbersofsheeptowolveseachyear.Attributingthistothelargenumberforwolves,in1910the ernmentbeganofferingrewardstohuntersforkillingwolves.From1910to1915,largenumbersofwolveswerekilled.Yetwolfattacksonsheepincreasedsignificantly.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoex intheincreaseinwolfattacksonsheep?

逻辑链分析：

APopulationsofdeerandotherwildanimalsthatwolvestypicallypreyonincreasedsignificantlyinnumbersfrom1910to1915.

BPriorto1910,therewerenolegalrestrictionsinHylantiaonthehuntingofwolves.

CAfter1910huntersshotandwoundedasubstantialnumberofwolves,therebygreatlydiminishingthesewolves'abilitytopreyonwildanimals.

DDomesticsheeparesignificantlylessablethanmostwildanimalstodefendthemselvesagainstwolfattacks.

EThesystematichuntingofwolvesencouragedbytheprogramdrovemanywolvesinHylantiatomigratetoremotemountainareasuninhabitedbyhumans.

ThenumberofapplicationsforteachingpositionsinNewtown'spublicschoolswas5.7percentlowerin1993thanin1985and5.9percentlowerin1994thanin1985.Despiteasteadilygrowingstudentpopulationandanincreasingnumberofteacherresignations,however,Newtowndoesnotfaceateachershortageinthelate1990's.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldcontributemosttoanexnationoftheapparentdiscrepancyabove?

逻辑链分析：

AManyofNewtown'spublicschoolstudentsdonotgraduatefromhighschool.

BNewhousingdevelopments nnedforNewtownareslatedforoccupancyin1997andareexpectedtoincreasethenumberofelementaryschoolstudentsinNewtown'spublicschoolsby12percent.

CTheNewtownschoolboarddoesnotcontem teincreasingtheratioofstudentstoteachersinthe1990's.

DTeachers'collegesinandnearNewtownproducedfewergraduatesin1994thanin1993.

EIn1993Newtown'spublicschoolsreceived40percentmoreapplicationsforteachingpositionsthantherewerepositionsavailable.

Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheargument?

Thegrowingpopularityofcomputer-basedactivitieswaswidelypredictedtoresultinacorrespondingdeclineinevisionviewing.Recentstudieshavefoundthat,intheUnitedStates,peoplewhoowncomputerswatch,onaverage,significantlylessevisionthanpeoplewhodonotowncomputers.Initself,however,thisfindingdoesverylittletoshowthatcomputerusetendstoreduce

evisionviewingtime,since .

逻辑链分析：

Amanypeoplewhowatchlittleorno evisiondonotownacomputer

BeventhoughmostcomputerownersintheUnitedStateswatchsignificantlyless evisionthanthenationalaverage,somecomputerownerswatchfarmore evisionthanthenationalaverage

CcomputerownersintheUnitedStatespredominantlybelongtodemographicgroupsthathavelongbeenknowntospendlesstimewatchingevisionthanthepopulationasawholedoes

DmanycomputerownersintheUnitedStateshaveenoughleisuretimethatspendingsignificantamountsoftimeonthecomputerstillleavesampletimeforwatchingevision

Emanypeopleusetheircomputersprimarilyfortaskssuchascorrespondencethatcanbedonemorerapidlyonthecomputer,and ngsoleavesmoreleisuretimeforwatching evision

X:Inordertoreducetheamountofsticinlandfills,legislaturesshouldimposeabanontheuseofsticsforpackaginggoods.

Y:Impossible!sticpackagingisnecessaryforpublicsafety.Consumerswillloseallofthesafetyfeaturesthatsticoffers,chieflytamper-resistantclosuresandshatterproofbottles.

WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheweakpointinY'sresponsetoX'sproposal?

逻辑链分析：

AYignoresthepossibilitythatpackaginggoodsinmaterialsotherthan sticmightprovidethesamesafetyfeaturesthatpackagingin sticoffers.

BTheeconomicdisadvantagesofusing sticsasameansofpackaginggoodsarenottakenintoconsideration.

CYattemptstoshifttheblameforthelargeamountof sticinlandfillsfromtheusersof sticpackagingtothelegislators.

DYdoesnotconsidertheconcernofsomemanufacturersthatsafetyfeaturesspoilpackageappearances.

EYwronglyassumesthatXdefendstheinterestsofthemanufacturersratherthantheinterestsoftheconsumers.

Inacertainwildlifepark,parkrangersareabletotrackthemovementsofmanyrhinocerosesbecausethoseanimalswearradiocollars.When,asoftenhappens,acollarslipsoff,itisputbackon.Puttingacollaronarhinocerosinvolvesimmobilizingtheanimalbyshootingitwithatranquilizerdart.Femalerhinocerosesthathavebeenfrequentlyrecollaredhavesignificantlylowerfertilityratesthanuncollaredfemales.Probably,therefore,somesubstanceinthetranquilizerinhibitsfertility.

Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?

逻辑链分析：

AThedoseoftranquilizerdeliveredbyatranquilizerdartislargeenoughtogivetherangersputtingcollarsonrhinocerosesagenerousmarginofsafety.

BThefertilityrateofuncollaredfemalerhinocerosesintheparkhasbeenincreasinginthepastfewdecades.

CAnystressthatfemalerhinocerosesmaysufferasaresultofbeingimmobilizedandhandledhaslittleornonegativeeffectontheirfertility.

DThemalerhinocerosesinthewildlifeparkdonotlosetheircollarsasoftenasthepark'sfemalerhinocerosesdo.

EThetranquilizerusedinimmobilizingrhinocerosesisthesameasthetranquilizerusedinworkingwithotherlargem ls.

Editor:ArticlesinGardeningMagazineoftenspursalesofthentstheydescribe,particularlyamongpeoplenewtogardening.Accordingly,wewillnolongerpublisharticlesoracceptadvertisementspraisingthebeautyofrarewildflowers.Mostsuchntssoldtogardenershavebeendifficulttopropagateundercultivation,sontsellersoftencollecttheminthewild.Ournewispartofoureffortstohaltthisyearlyplunderingofournativentpopulations.

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,caststhemostdoubtonthewisdomofthemagazine'snew asawayofpursuingtheintendedeffect?

逻辑链分析：

AWhenpeoplenewtogardeningbuy nts,theyoftenfailtotakeadequatecareofthe ntsthattheybuyand ediscouragedfrombuyingthosevarietiesagain.

B ntsellerswhosellrarewildflowershavenoreasonablyinexpensivealternativewaytooffertheirwaresdirectlytonewgardeners.

CThedemandforrarewildflowersrarelyexceedsthenumberofsuch ntsthatcanbecollectedinthewildby ntsellers.

DThepropagationofrarewildflowersoftendependsonthe nts'in ctionwithotherorganismsintheirenvironment,suchas ntsthatcreatesuitablesoilconditionsorinsectsandbirdsthatdisperseseeds.