2023年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2023年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AHighschoolprogramsattheNationalGalleryofArtvaluedepthoverbreadth，exploringoriginalworksofartthroughasinglespecificquestionortheme.

StudioWorkshops

Singlemuseumvisit，2.5hoursGrades9-12

Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries，followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio，wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesandcomeupwiththeoriesbasedontheirobservations.

Studentswillhavethechancetocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.

MuseumMakersExploringArtandMuseums

Grades11-12

TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience，understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgainaninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10：00a.m.to3：00p.m.

Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.

CreativeWriting

Grades7-12，90minutes

Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhiletheyarelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation，groupdiscussionandpersonalreflection，theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms，includingfree-formpoetry.

Amaximumof30students（minimumof15）willbeacceptedateachsession.1.WhatcanstudentsdoatStudioWorkshops？______A.Getbasictrainingasanartist.

B.Putforwardtheirownarttheories.

C.Discusswithartistsabouttheirworks.

D.Learnaboutartists，inspirationfortheirworks.2.WhatcanstudentsgetfromMuseumMakers？______A.Methodsofhowartworksarecreated.

B.Experienceinrunninganartmuseum.

C.Knowledgeabouthowanartmuseumworks.

D.Academiccreditsforcompletingtheprogram.3.WhichgroupcanattendCreativeWritingatasession？______A.15collegestudents. B.10Grade9students.

C.25Grade10students. D.40highschoolstudents.BIneverimaginedthatsomeonetellingmeIlookedskinnywouldangerme.Andyet，Iwasmadeveryangrywhenacolleaguepinchedmywaistandscreamed，"Rosa，you'velostweight.Youlookgreat."InThetruthisthatIwastiredandnottakingcareofmyself.Idecidedtostartaproperweight-lossprogram.

Thefirsttogowouldberoadrage.Iaminfarlesscontrolofthisweightthananyother.Everytimesomethinggetsinmypath，Iflyoffthehandle.Ineedtolosetheroadrage，andfast!No，nomorespeed.Instead，Inowrepeatthewords："Iamnotinahurry."Thisyear，Iwilldrivesafely，allowing"stupid"tohappenallaroundme.Fromthat，Ihopetogainpatience.

Nextisguilt.Whenguiltdrivesmyconsciencetodobetter，it'sfunctional.Butwhenitpresentsitselfasaninternaldialoguethatgoesnowhere，it'suseless.Thisyear，Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepingacleanerhouse，forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends，fornotattendingeverypartybecauseI'dratherbeathome，orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading.Myimageandperformancearenotatthefrontofanyoneelse'smindbutmyown.Fromthis，Ihopetogainfreedomtobemyself.

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearofembarrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiminghigherinmylife.Fearofregrethasledmeintosituationsthatmademeuncomfortable.IfIcanloseanyoneofthesefears，Istandtogainexperience.

So，ifIcanlosetherage，shakeoffsomeguilt，andtakefearoffmyplate，Istandtogainpatience，freedom，andexperience.PoundforpoundIhavenotlostathingbutIwillbemuchlighter.Nexttime，IhopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingtodowithhowgreatIreallylook.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"flyoffthehandle"inparagraph2probablymean？______A.Pickupspeed. B.Driveoff.

C.Feelquitenervous. D.Becomeveryangry.5.Whathasmadetheauthorfeelguiltybefore？______A.Attendingtoomanyparties.

B.Readingmuchwithherchildren.

C.WastinghertimeinwatchingTV.

D.Spendinglittletimewithherfriends.6.Howhasfearaffectedtheauthor？______A.Ithaspreventedherachievinghergoals.

B.Ithasstoppedherfurtheringhereducation.

C.Ithasmadeitdifficultforhertomakefriends.

D.Ithascausedhertoquitherdreamofbeingateacher.7.Whatdoestheauthorexpecttogainfromherweight-lossprogram？______A.Respect. B.Independence. C.Optimism. D.Tolerance.CSixmonthsbeforeshedied，mygrandmothermovedintoanoldpeople'shomeandIvisitedherthere.Theroomwascleanandwarm，andthecareassistantswerekindandcheerful.Ageneralknowledgequizshowwasonthetelevision，andtheonlyothersoundwassnoring.Peoplemovedonlywhentheyneededtobehelpedtothebathroom.Itwasdisappointing.Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeinghergrandchildren，butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.

SoIwasinterestedtoreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconceptinoldpeople'shomesinFrance.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary—combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingortellingstoriestothechildren，andifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositon.

Theadvantagesarehugeforeveryoneconcerned.Thechildrenarehappy，becausetheygetalotmoreindividualattention.Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.Andthestaffarehappybecausetheyseeanimprovementinthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthoftheresidentsandhaveanarmyofassistantstohelpwiththechildren.

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberofcountries.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，familiesthathavemovedaway，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame-increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren，andmoreoldpeoplewhoarelonelyandfeeluseless，alongwithmoreandmorefamilieswithyoungchildrenwhodesperatelyneedmoresupport.Ifsamajorprobleminmanysocieties.

That'swhyintergenerationalprograms，designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether，aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"residents"inparagraph2probablyreferto？______A.Oldpeople. B.Schoolteachers.

C.Assistants. D.Staff.9.Howweretheoldpeopleatthehometheauthor'sgrandmotherwasin？______A.Theyfeltlonelyanduseless.

B.Theyweren'tallowedtobevisited.

C.Theyweren'tlookedafterproperly.

D.Theylivedinadirtyanduncomfortableroom.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisamajorprobleminmanysocietiestoday？______A.Theextendedfamilyisbrokendown.

B.Thereisn'tmuchroomforgrandparents.

C.Workingparentshavenotimetocarefortheirchildren.

D.Thereisn'tmuchcontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.11.Whatwillbeprobablytalkedaboutlaterinthepassage？______A.Adviceonhowtocommunicatewithchildren.

B.Plansforsettingupmorehomesforoldpeople.

C.Examplesofsuccessfulintergenerationalprograms.

D.Waysofteachingentertainmentskillstooldpeople.DMicroplasticpollutionisincreasinggreatlyaroundtheglobe，accordingtoastudyofplasticparticles（微粒）carriedintheair.

Peoplearealreadyknowntobreathe，drinkandeatmicroplastics，andresearchsuggeststhatpollutionlevelswillcontinuetoriserapidly.Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.

ProfessorNatalieMahowald，atCornellUniversityintheUSandpartoftheresearchteam，said，"Butmaybewecouldsolvethisbeforeitbecomesahugeproblem，ifwemanageourplasticsbetter，beforetheyaccumulateintheenvironmentandmovearoundeverywhere."

Theresearch，publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcadenryofSciences，examinedairborne（空气传播的）microplastics，whichhavebeenfarlessstudiedthanplasticsinoceansandrivers.

Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewesternUS.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources（来源），anditwasthefirstsuchstudytodoso.

Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）inthewesternUS，linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.Thesearelikelytoincludeparticlesfromtiresandbrakepadsonvehicles，andplasticsfromlitterthathadbeenbrokendown.

TheresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealsolikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope，SouthAmericaandAustralia，plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.

ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid，"Thestudyconfirmstheglobal-scale（全球规模的）natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities，butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources."12.Whatcanbeknownaboutmicroplasticpollutionfromthistext？______A.Theparticlescandogreatharmtoourlungs.

B.Airbornemicroplasticshavebeenwidelystudied.

C.Ithasbecomethemostpressingenvironmentalproblem.

D.Thereislessplasticintheairthaninoceansandrivers.13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutmicroplasticpollution？______A.Itsresultsdifferacrossmanycontinents.

B.AfricaandAsiaaresufferingmostfromit.

C.Roadsandfieldsarelargelytoblameforit.

D.Itspreadsfastfromonecontinenttoanother.14.WhatshouldtheresearchersdonextaccordingtoProfessorAndreasStohl？______A.Topredictthepotentialdamageofmicroplastics.

B.Tounderstandthenatureofmicroplasticpollution.

C.Toimprovethemethodofcollectingsamplesofmicroplastics.

D.Tocollectmoredatatounderstandthesourcesofmicroplastics.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext？______A.Effectsofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth

B.Microplasticpollutionontheglobalscale

C.Possiblesolutionstomicroplasticpollution

D.Microplasticpollutionrisingquicklyintheair二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）"Lookingup，Ifindthemoonbright；Bowing，inhomesicknessI'mdrowned."WhenIfeomaGladysfromNigeria，firstreadthelinefromLiBai'sThoughtsonaTranquilNight，thegirlfeltthepoet'sexperiencesandemotions（情感）."Ican'thelpbutfeelhomesick，"saidGladys，22，whoisstudyingChineseLanguageandLiteratureatSouthwestUniversity.

Fromthenon，theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.（1）______Forexample，inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld，Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.WhilereadingCaoCao'sAShortSong，shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficultieswecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.（2）______Inhereyes，itishowitcantraveloverthemountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent，butneverchangeitsoriginalintention，keepingitstruthandemotionalweight.

"Thisiswhatmanypopularnovelsandonlinearticlesareunabletodo，"saidtheNigeriangirl.（3）______Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain."About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（4）______"Behindthebeautifulpoems，IdiscoveredthewisdomoftheChinesepeople，thecharmofChineseculture，andtheworldwidebasisofChinesecultureaswell，"saidGladys.

Now，thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.（5）______

A.ShelearnedChinesecultureandwisdomthroughit.

B.WhatisthemostattractivepartofancientChinesepoetry？

C.ShegraduallyfoundforeignpoemsaredifferenttoChinesepoems.

D.HowcanancientChinesepoetryattractsomanypeoplearoundtheworld？

E.Thepersonbornwithatalentismeanttouseitandwillfindgreathappiness.

F.ShewantstopromoteChinesecultureandconnectChinawiththewholeworld.

G.Butshe'smoresurprisedhowtheculturalqualityofChinesepoetrycanreachaudiencesworldwide.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）Iwassittinginachairhavingcoffeewhenatextmessagefromaformercolleaguewokemefrommydaydreams.

"Doyouwantto（1）______yourrockingchair？"

Itaughtgrades1-2for17years，andmydreamsasateacherweretiedtothatrockingchair.Itwasa（2）______ideatohaveitinmyclass.Everydayafterbreaktime，theclasswould（3）______aroundandlistentothestoryIwasreading.Whenthestudentsareclose，theyfindthe（4）______tosharetheirstories，dreamsandfears.Thechairwaspartofmy（5）______，partofme.

（6）______，Ibecameunwellandcouldn'tkeepteaching.Iexperienced（7）______anxietyandatlastIwasforcedto（8）______thejob.Withmylifeasateacherover，Ineededanewpath.AndIdidn'thavetolookfar.

MyhusbandandI（9）______oneofmyformerstudentsin2017.Thecomplexityofparentingachildwhocametousat9yearsoldchangedourlivesin（10）______ways.Butitinspiredthepartofmethat（11）______beingaparent.Wespent（12）______hoursstayingwithbooks-healing，bondingandsolidifyingourfamily，whichgavemeanewpurpose.

Ijoineda（13）______groupoflocalmoms.Foraboutayear，Imetwiththemweeklyforwalksorcoffee.Wecametogetherto（14）______，andthenIstartedgivingandreceivinghelp，Igavedrivingpracticetoasinglemomwithherlearner'slicenseandreceivedemotionalsupportin（15）______Ialsotookhersononhikesaroundthecity.Anotherwomanencouragedmetobuyastand-uppaddleboardandgavemelessons.

Myfamily，mybooks，（16）______anewpurposeandbelonginginacommunity-thesearefulfillingthesenseofselfIusedto（17）______asateacher.Ilearnedmy（18）______doesn'tneedtochange，I'mstillhonoringthosecore（核心的）values（19）______I'mworkingasateacher.Whataboutthatrockingchair？Ilookedbackatthetextmessage，Myanswerwasno，andIdon'tneedthechair.I'llletitgotoanew（20）______!21.

A.giveaway B.putback C.sendout D.pickup22.

A.ridiculous B.magical C.strange D.simple23.

A.gather B.turn C.look D.run24.

A.excuse B.inspiration C.courage D.comfort25.

A.goal B.job C.furniture D.entertainment26.

A.Unfortunately B.Unusually C.Unbelievably D.Unfairly27.

A.natural B.vague C.severe D.slight28.

A.challenge B.change C.choose D.quit29.

A.adopted B.taught C.rescued D.helped30.

A.flexible B.unexpected C.upsetting D.separate31.

A.imagines B.tries C.enjoys D.considers32.

A.countless B.sleepless C.endless D.speechless33.

A.wisdom B.support C.family D.service34.

A.cooperate B.share C.improve D.learn35.

A.relief B.reality C.response D.return36.

A.finding B.confirming C.accepting D.understanding37.

A.experience B.develop C.train D.prize38.

A.character B.identity C.determination D.sense39.

A.when B.how C.whether D.why40.

A.purpose B.teacher C.position D.parent四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.Fromwritingpoetrytomakingmusic，ChatGPT（1）______（amaze）theworldsinceitslaunchinlate2022bytheUS-basedcompanyOpenAI.ItevenpassedseverallawexamsinfourcoursesattheUniversityofMinnesota，US，accordingtoCNNTheAIprogramcananswerquestionsonalargenumberoftopics，andwriteessays，storiesandanyotherwrittentextsyoucanthinkof.Itdoesthisbydrawingoninformation（2）______（collect）fromalargecorpus（语料库）oftextdata.

WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressive？AsSamAltman，theCEOofOpenAIsaidinaninterview，"It'snotactually（3）______（fundamental）newtechnologythatmadeChatGPThaveamoment."

AccordingtoMITTechnologyReview，ChatGPTisbasedonalargelanguagemodel.Becausetextsaremorecomplex（4）______themeaningofeverywordcombined，languagemodelsrequireatypeofneural（神经的）networkthatcanmakesenseoftexts.

Onebreakthroughbehindtoday'smodels（5）______（be）anetworkcalledTransformer，inventedbyGoogleresearchers.Theneuralnetworkcaninfer（6）______thewordmeansbytrackingwhereitappearsinasentence.Transformercanthereforecollectthemeaningoftextsmoreaccurately.

TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunsupervisedearning，（7）______（mean）thatthemodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingtoldwhattolookat.ChatGPTcannowgeneratehuman-likeresponsesinstantlydue（8）______thelargescaleoftextsitlearnedfrom.

"Oneofthebiggest（9）______（problem）withChatGPTisthatitcomesback，veryconfidently，withfalsecontents，"MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon，UK，toldTheGuardian.ThismeansChatGPTdoesn'tknowthetruthabouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfrom（10）______（variety）resourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，毎句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

TheotherdaymyparentsandItooktriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Asisknown，it'safamousmountainwithdifferentkindofplantsandanimals.Theweatherwasfineandwewereonhighspirits.Itwasaboutnoonwhilewearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Wewereveryexcited.Asweclimbedthemountain，wefeedmonkeys，visitedtemplesandtoldstories.Onthewayup，Iwasbusytookphotossincethescenerywasbeautifulandattractively.Timepassedquickly，andbeforeweknewit，nighthasfallen.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedatthepillow.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.假如你校正在开展主题为"ThePowerofSports"的征文比赛，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇短文参赛。

（1）体育运动的益处；

（2）体育精神的力量。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

ThePowerofSports______________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文High

School

Studio

Workshops部分中的关键句During

the

workshop，National

Gallery

of

Art

educators

will

encourage

students

to

look

carefully

at

works

of

art

and

then

share

their

responses

and

they

will

inspire

students

to

develop

theories

based

on

their

observations.（在研讨会期间，国家美术馆的教育工作者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的反应，他们将激励学生根据他们的观察提出理论。）可知，学生在High

School

Studio

Workshops可以做的是提出他们自己的艺术理论，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。由本文Museum

Makers：Exploring

Art

and

Museums部分中的关键句Participants

will

gain

an

insider's

view

of

how

an

art

museum

works.（参与者将获得一个艺术博物馆如何工作的内部观点。）可知，学生能从Museum

Makers：Exploring

Art

and

Museums这里学到关于博物馆是如何工作的相关知识，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文Grades

7-12，90

minutes（7-12年级，90分钟）部分中的关键句A

maximum

of

30

students

（minimum

of

15）will

be

accepted

at

each

session.（每节最多接纳30名学生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年级学生可以参加创意写作课程。故选C。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、C【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中划线词前面句子Every

time

something

gets

in

my

path（每次有东西挡住我的路。）和后面句子I

need

to

lose

the

road

rage，and

fast!（我得快点改掉路怒症！）推断出作者有路怒症，所以每次有东西挡了作者的路，作者就会变得非常生气。故划线词意思是"变得非常生气"。A．Pick

up

speed.加速；B．Drive

off.开车离开；C．Feel

quite

nervous.感觉很紧张；D．Become

very

angry.变得非常愤怒。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句This

year，I

want

to

stop

feeling

guilty

for

not

keeping

a

cleaner

house，for

spending

time

away

from

my

children

to

be

with

friends，for

not

attending

every

party

because

I'd

rather

be

at

home，or

for

watching

TV

when

I

should

be

reading.（今年，我想不再为没有保持一个干净的房子而感到内疚，为花时间远离孩子和朋友在一起而感到内疚，为因为宁愿呆在家里而没有参加每一个聚会而感到内疚，为在我应该读书的时候看电视而感到内疚。）推断出在此之前，在看电视上浪费时间让作者感到内疚。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句The

last

is

fear.Fear

has

held

me

back.Fear

of

failure

has

prevented

me

from

being

a

writer.Fear

of

embarrassment

has

prevented

me

from

giving

an

opinion.Fear

of

rejection

has

stopped

me

from

aiming

higher

in

my

life.（最后是恐惧。恐惧阻碍了我。对失败的恐惧使我无法成为一名作家。由于害怕尴尬，我不敢发表意见。对拒绝的恐惧让我无法在生活中追求更高的目标。）推断出恐惧阻碍了作者实现自己的目标。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的关键句Next

time，I

hope

my

colleague

looks

me

in

the

eye

to

see

my

glow

instead

of

pinching

part

of

me

that

has

nothing

to

do

with

how

great

I

really

look.（下次，我希望我的同事能看着我的眼睛，看到我容光焕发的样子，而不是掐我身上那些与我看起来有多棒无关的部分。）结合上文提到作者想要克服的三样东西推知，作者期望从她的减肥计划中获得乐观，不再内疚、容易生气和恐惧。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者为了减肥而克服了三样东西。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、C【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中的关键句The

idea

is

simple，but

revolutionary

—

combining

a

residential

home

for

the

elderly

with

a

nursery

school

in

the

same

building.The

children

and

the

residents

eat

lunch

together

and

share

activities.（这个想法很简单，但具有革命性将养老院和幼儿园合并在同一栋楼里。孩子们和_____一起吃午饭，分享活动。）推断出这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故划线词意思是"老人"。A．Old

people.老人；B．School

teachers.学校老师；C．Assistants.助手；D．Staff.员工。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的关键句Grandmother

talked

a

lot

about

how

much

she

missed

seeing

her

grandchildren，but

I

knew

from

my

sister

that

they

hated

going

to

visit

her

there.（祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她。）以及第三段中的关键句The

residents

are

happy

because

they

feel

useful

and

needed.（老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有用的和被需要的。）推断出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句Nowadays

there

is

less

and

less

contact

between

the

old

and

the

young

in

an

increasing

number

of

countries.（如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少。）推断出作者认为当今社会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段的内容That's

why

intergenerational

programs，designed

to

bring

the

old

and

the

young

together，are

growing

in

popularity

all

over

the

world.（这就是为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎。）推断出这篇文章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。由本文第二段中的关键句The

researchers

said

that

breathing

in

these

particles

can

be

harmful

to

lung

tissue

and

lead

to

serious

diseases.（研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒会对肺组织有害，并导致严重的疾病。）推断出这些颗粒会对我们的肺部造成巨大的伤害。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第六段中的关键句They

found

that

roads

were

the

main

factor

（因素）in

the

western

US，linked

to

about

85%

of

the

microplastics

in

the

air.（他们发现，道路是美国西部的主要因素，空气中约85%的微塑料都与道路有关。）以及第七段的内容The

researchers

extended

their

modeling

work

to

a

global

level

and

this

suggested

that

while

roads

are

also

likely

to

be

the

major

driver

of

airborne

plastics

in

Europe，South

America

and

Australia，plastic

particles

blown

up

from

fields

may

be

a

much

bigger

factor

in

Africa

and

Asia.（研究人员将他们的建模工作扩展到全球水平，这表明在欧洲、南美和澳大利亚，道路也可能是空气中塑料的主要驱动因素，而在非洲和亚洲，来自田野的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。）推断出地区之间空气传播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文最后一段ProfessorAndreas

Stohl

of

the

University

of

Vienna's

Faculty

of

Earth

Sciences

said，

"The

study

confirms

the

global-scale

（全球规模的）nature

of

microplastic

transport

in

the

atmosphere

and

does

a

good

job

in

highlighting

highly

relevant

and

concerning

possibilities，but

more

measurement

data

is

needed

to

get

a

better

idea

of

the

sources."

（维也纳大学地球科学学院的安德烈亚斯•斯托尔教授说："这项研究证实了大气中微塑料运输的全球范围性质，并在强调高度相关和令人担忧的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的测量数据来更好地了解来源。"）推断出根据Andreas

Stohl教授的介绍，研究的下一步是获得更多数据，以了解微塑料的来源。故选D。

（4）标题判断题。由本文第一段的内容Microplastic

pollution

is

increasing

greatly

around

the

globe，according

to

a

study

of

plastic

particles

（微粒）carried

in

the

air.（根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。）以及下文的对研究的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了微塑料污染越来越严重，所以D．Microplastic

pollution

rising

quickly

in

the

air（塑料污染在空气中迅速上升）作为题目最合适。故选D。

本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了根据一项对空气中塑料颗粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范围内大幅增加。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】A、B、G、E、F【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文Fromthenon，theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.（从那时起，这个尼日利亚女孩爱上了中国古诗。）和下文Forexample，inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld，Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.WhilereadingCaoCao'sAShortSong，shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficultieswecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.（例如，在李白的诗《行路难》中，格拉迪斯感受到了诗人的雄心壮志和信念。在阅读曹禺的《短歌行》时，她了解到生命是短暂的，因此我们应该放下无法克服的困难，珍惜现在。）可知，尼日利亚女孩IfeomaGladys爱上了中国故事，并从一些诗中了解到了中国文化和人生哲理。A项"她从中学到了中国文化和智慧。"符合语境，承上启下，下文是对选项的举例说明。故选A。

（2）联系下文题。根据下文Inhereyes，itishowitcantraveloverthemountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent，butneverchangeitsoriginalintention，keepingitstruthandemotionalweight.（在她眼中，就是它如何翻山越岭，从古代传播到现在，但始终不改变初衷，保持其真实性和情感分量。）推知，上文提问IfeomaGladys觉得中国古诗中最吸引她的是什么。B项"中国古代诗歌中最吸引人的部分是什么？"符合语境，引出下文，下文回答了选项的问题。故选B。

（3）联系下文题。根据下文Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we're

notmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain.About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（例如，李白写道："天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来"。大约1000年后，德国诗人歌德也说过类似的话。）可知，让IfeomaGladys感到意外的是中国诗歌所表现的东西在晚些时候的西方也出现过。G项"但更令她惊讶的是，中国诗歌的文化品质能够使世界各地的人都明白。"符合语境，下文是对选项内容的举例说明。故选G。

（4）联系上文题。根据上文Forexample，LiBaiwrote，"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent，morewillturnupagain.About1，000yearslater，Goethe，aGermanpoet，wouldsaysomethingquitesimilar-（例如，李白写道："天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来"。大约1000年后，德国诗人歌德也说过类似的话。）推知，下文应之处歌德说的那句和李白诗歌内容相似的话是什么。E项"天生有天赋的人注定要利用它，并会找到巨大的幸福。"符合语境，该句和李白诗歌所呈现的意义一致。故选E。

（5）联系上文题。空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文Now，thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.（现在，这个女孩希望成为一名专业的翻译。）推知，下文应陈述她想成为翻译的目的。F项"她想推广中国文化，将中国与全世界联系起来。"符合语境。故选F。

这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了尼日利亚女孩Ifeoma

Gladys喜欢中国的古诗，并从古诗了解到了中国的文化和古人的智慧。现在她