2022-2023年陕西省安康市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年陕西省安康市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Sometypesofdepressionareinheritedform.generationtogenerationin______.

2.

Singaporeansbelievethatalackof__________--speakingskillsisadisadvantageinthe21stcentury.

3.

Thereisscientificevidencethatthe"hippocampi"deepwithineachhalfofthebrainarethe"memorycenter,"wherelong-termmemoriesareprocessedandstored.

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4.Calories

Foryearsnow,calorieshavebeenalltherage—peopleareCountingthemandcuttingthem,andyou'dbehardpressedtofindsomethingatthesupermarketthatdoeshotlistitscaloriesperservingsomewhereonthepackage.Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatexactlyacalorieis?

WhatisaCalorie

Acaloricisaunitofenergy.Wetendtoassociatecalorieswithfood,buttheyapplytoanythingcontainingenergy.Forexample,agallon(about4liters)ofgasolinecontainsabout31,000,000calories.

Specifically,acaloricistheamountofenergy,orheat,ittakestoraisethetemperatureof1gramofwater1degreeCelsius(1.8degreesFahrenheit).Onecaloricisequalto4.184joules(焦耳),acommonunitofenergyusedinthephysicalsciences.Mostofusthinkofcaloriesinrelationtofood,asin"Thiscanofsodahas200calories."Itturnsoutthatthecaloriesonafoodpackageareactuallykilocalories(1,000calories=1kilocalorie).Thewordissometimescapitalizedtoshowthedifference,butusuallynot.Afoodcaloriecontains4,184joules.Acanofsodacontaining200foodcaloriescontains200,000regularcalories,or200kilocalories.Agallonofgasolinecontains31,000kilocalories.

Thesameappliestoexercisewhenafitnesschartsaysyouburnabout100caloriesforeverymileyoujog,itmeans100kilocalories.Forthedurationofthisarticle,whenwesay"calorie",wemean"kilocalorie".

WhatCaloriesDo

Humanbeingsneedenergytosurvive—tobreathe,move,pumpblood—andtheyacquirethisenergyfromfood.

Thenumberofcaloriesinafoodisameasureofhowmuchpotentialenergythatfoodpossesses.Agramofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)has4calories,agrainofproteinhas4calories,andagramoffathas9calories.Foodsareacompilationofthesethreebuildingblocks.Soifyouknowhowmanycarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsareinanygivenfood,youknowbowmanycalories,orhowmuchenergy,thatfoodcontains.

Ifwelookatthenutritionallabelonthebackofapacketbfmaple-and-brown-sugaroatmeal(麦片),wefindthatithas160calories.Thismeansthatifweweretopourthisoatmealintoadish,settheoatmealonfireandgetittoburncompletely(whichisactuallyprettytricky),thereactionwouldproduce160kilocalories(remember:foodcaloriesarekilocalories)enoughenergytoraisethetemperatureof160kilogramsofwater1degreeCelsius.Ifwelookcloseratthenutritionallabel,weseethatouroatmealhas2gramsoffat,4gramsofproteinand32gramsofcarbohydrates,producingatotalof162calories(apparently,foodmanufacturersliketorounddown).Ofthese162calories,18comefromfat(9cal×2g),16comefromprotein(4cal×4g)and128comefromcarbohydrates(4cal×32g).

YourCaloricNeeds

Justhowmanycaloriesdoourcellsneedtofunctionwell?Thenumberisdifferentforeveryperson.Youmaynoticeonthenutritionallabelsofthefoodsyoubuythatthe"percentdailyvalues"arebasedona2,000caloriediet—2,000caloriesisaroughaverageofwhataperson.needstoeatinaday,butyourbodymightneedmoreorlessthan2,000calories.Height,weight,gender,ageandactivitylevelallaffectyourcaloricneeds.Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedincalculatinghowmanycaloriesyourbodyneedsperday:

-Basalmetabolicrate(基本新陈代谢率)

-Physicalactivity

-Thermic(热的)effectoffood

Yourbasalmetabolicrate(BMR)istheamountofenergyyourbodyneedstofunctionatrest.Thisaccountsforabout60to70percentofcaloriesburnedinadayandincludestheenergyrequiredtokeeptheheartbeating,thelungsbreathing,thekidneysfunctioningandthebodytemperaturestabilized.Ingeneral,menhaveahigherBMRthanwomen.

The

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5.

Inallhostagesituations,thehostage-takerinvariablywantssomethingandtherealtargetisathirdparty.

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6.

GooglecanoverwhelminglyenterothermarketslikeMicrosoftbymeansofits______.

7.

In1940Hughespublished______.

8.

Itisstatedintheconclusionthatbytranslatinglifeinto______,televisionisfalsifyinglife.

9.HealthCareandEpidemics

Everyonesuffersfromdiseaseatsometimeoranother.However,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodhealthcare.Sometimestheyhavenomoneytopayformedicaltreatment.Sometimestheyhavemoney,butthereisnodoctor.Sometimesthedoctordoesnotknowhowtotreatthedisease,andsometimesthereisnotreatment.Somepeopleareafraidofdoctors.Whentheseconditionsarepresentinlargepopulationcenters,epidemicscanstart.

EpidemicsChangeHistory

Explorationsandwarscausedifferentgroupsofpeopletocomeintocontactwithother.Theycarrystrangediseasetoeachother.Forexample,whentheEuropeansfirstcametoNorthandSouthAmerica,theybroughtdiseaseswiththemthatkilledabout95percentoftheNativeAmericanpopulation.

People'sFear

Peopleareveryafraidofunknownthings,especiallydiseases.Peoplehaveallkindsofideasabouthowtopreventandtreatdisease.Somepeoplethinkthatifyoueatlotsofonionsorgarlic,youwon'tgetsick.Otherssayyoushouldtakehugeamountsofvitamins.Scientificexperimentshavenotprovedmostofthesetheories.However,peoplestillspendmillionsofdollarsonvitaminsandotherprobablyuselesstreatmentsorpreventatives.Somepeoplewantantibiotics(抗生素)whenevertheygetsick.Someantibioticsareveryexpensive.Muchofthismoneyiswastedbecausesomediseasesarecausedbyavirus.Virusesareevensmallerthanbacteria,andtheycausedifferentkindsofdiseases.Antibioticsareuselessagainstviruses.

Becauseoftheirfear,peoplecanbecrueltovictimsofdisease.Sometimestheyfirethemfromtheirjobs,throwthemoutoftheirapartments,andrefusethemtransportationservices.Intheplague(瘟疫)epidemicsafewhundredyearsago,peoplesimplycoveredthedoorsandwindowsofthevictim'shousesandleftthemtodieinside,allinanefforttoprotectthemselvesfromgettingsick.

TheWaysEpidemicDiseasesSpread

Doctorsknowhowmostepidemicdiseasesspread.Some,liketuberculosis,arespreadwhenpeople'ssneezesendsthebacteriashootingoutintotheair.Thentheyenterthemouthornoseofanyonenearby.

Othersarespreadthroughhumancontact,suchasonthebands.Whenyouaresickandblowyournose,yougetvirusesorbacteriaonyourhands.Thenyoutouchanotherperson'shand,andwhenthatpersontoucheshisorhermouth,nose,oreyes,thediseaseentersthebody.Somediseasesspreadwhenpeopletouchthesamedishes,towels,andfurniture.Youcanpickupadiseasewhenyoutouchthingsinpublicbuildings.Otherdiseasesarespreadthroughinsectssuchasflies,mosquitoes,andticks.

Onediseasethatcausesfrequent,worldwideepidemicsisinfluenza,orfluforshort.Thesymptomsofinfluenzaincludeheadacheandsometimesarunnynose.Somevictimsgetsicktotheirstomachs.Thesesymptomsaresimilartosymptomsofother,milderdiseases.Influenzacanbeamuchmoreseriousdisease,especiallyforpregnantwomen,peopleoversixty-five,andpeoplealreadysufferingfromanotherdisease,suchasheartproblems.Abouthalfofallflupatientshaveahighbodytemperaturecalledafever.Fluisverycontagious.Onepersoncatchestheflufromanotherperson.Itdoesn'tbegininsidethebodyasheartdiseasedoes.

Prevention&TreatmentforDiseases

Sometimesmedicinecanrelievethesymptoms.Thatis,itcanmakeapersoncoughless,makeheadacheslessintense,andstopnosesfromrunningforawhile.However,medicinecan'talwayscurethedisease.Sofar,thereisnocureformanydiseasesandnomedicinetopreventthem.Peoplehavetotrytopreventtheminotherways.

Somediseasescanbepreventedbyvaccination(接种疫苗).Aliquidvaccineisinjectedintothearmortakenbymouthandthepersonissafefromc

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10.

Thebookhasmorethanoneauthor.

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11.

Thereleaseoflargequantifiesofthegreenhousegasmethaneaspermafrostmeltswillspeedup______.

12.Bysharingimportantapplianceswithneighbors,youcancommunicatewiththemaswellas______.

13.

MonkeyBaileyoncelivedinLittleRiverZoo.

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14.

Youcanseethesnowballingeffectbothinan_________________economyanda_________________economy.

15.

ThankstotheEuropeananti-GMfoodcampaign,anofficialstoppingofthegrowthandimportofGMcropswasresultedinEurope.

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16.

Accordingtocritics,itwillcostmuchmorespendinginourpursuitof______.

17.

Inordertosaveresources,sustainablecommunitiesencouragepeopleto______.

A.usetelecommutingmethodstocontactfriends

B.cookathomeinsteadofoutsidetoavoidairpollution

C.integratethefunctionofworkingandlivingfortheirhome

D.forbiddrivingwithinthesustainablecommunities

18.

Itisadvisabletoeliminatethoseactivitiesthatare______andyoudon'tlike.

19.

AccordingtoDavidVaughan,theAntarcticisshrinkingduetoclimatechange.

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20.

Stockinvestmentsarebettertoearlyretireesthanothercommonretirementinvestmentsinthatwhencashedin.theyrequireonly______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B5】

22.听力原文：W:HiStan,wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Oh,justattheStudentUnionofficetryingtoseeifIcancatchyouthere.IalsotriedtofindoutifprofessorSteinfieldhasanyoldexamsfromyearsago.

W:Whydon'tyoujustaskme?Itookthatclasslastsemesterandacedit.

M:Yeah...youaceallyoursubjects.Buttheexamschangefromyeartoyear,don'tthey?

W:True,butthestyle.isprettymuchthesamefromyeartoyear.

M:Sotellmeallabouttheprocessofprostaglandin.Icanbarelyevenpronounceit,letaloneexplainit.

W:Hey,Iamnoexpertbutwhatshe'llbemainlylookingforisthatyouknowhowitaffectthedigestion,reproduction,andimmunesystems.

M:Whatkindsofquestionsmightsheask?

W:Well,forexample,you'llprobablyhavetosayhowprostaglandin,ifover-producedcangiveyouheadachesandfeversandstuff.

M:Talkaboutheadaches.IthinkI'mgettingonenow.Canyougivemeanaspirin?

W:Well,it'sprobablybecauseyouhavetoomuchprostaglandin.Aspirinblocksprostaglandinproduction.

M:Well,I'msureit'sthisBiologyclassthat'sdoingit.

W:Hey,I'veheardyou'renoslouchatpoetry.Yougetmethroughmycoursein19thcenturypoetryandI'llmakeyouanexpertinBiology.

M:It'sadeal.Whereshallwebegin?Poetryisupmyalley.

(20)

A.Tolookforanaspirinforhisheadache.

B.TofindprofessorSteinfield.

C.Tolookforpasttestspapers.

D.Tolookforthewoman.

23.听力原文：M:Well,youseemedtobehavingfunwatchingthemovie?

W:Yeah,itwasgoodfun.Ithinkitkeptmeinstitchesrightfromthestart.

M:Youknow,wheneverIwatchcomedy,Ialwaysliketoknowwhyitisthatpeopleliketolaugh.Imean,whydoesitfeelsogoodtolaugh?

W:Yeah,Iheardfrommybiologyprofessorthatevenaftercenturiesofscientificresearch,nooneknowsforsurewhyhumanbeingsandjustafewotherprimateslaugh.

M:IreadsomewherethatCharlesDarwinthoughtthatlaughter,whichbeginswithsmallbabies,waslikeanevolutionary"reward"tothemotherandfather.Baby'slaughtersoundedandfeltsodifferentfromcrying,hebelieved,thatevenprehistoricparentsmusthaveinterpreteditasasignofwell-being,kindoflikethepurringofakitten.Theparentsenjoyedthelaughter,whichencouragedthemtocontinuecaringforthechild.

W:Yes,apparentlyresearchershavealsofoundthatithasapositiveeffectonmanypatientsandthatitproducescertainhormonesthatactuallyswitchonthebody'simmunesystemandactuallyhelpfightoffdiseases.Soitcouldbetohelpfightoffdisease.

M:IalsoheardthatsomepsychologyprofessorfromtheUniversityofMaryland,studiedthelaughterthattakesplaceinconversationsbetweenmenandwomenandfoundthatmostlaughtertakesplacewhenmalesaretalkingandfemalesarelistening.Menaremorelikelytomakejokesthanwomenare,andwomenaremorelikelytolaughatthemthanmenare.

W:Ifonlyyourjokeswerefunny,Imightlaughmoreandlitthatpattern.

M:Well,I'veheardthatapesalsolikelaughing.

W:Iheardthattoo.Chimpanzees,apes,orangutansandafewotherprimateslaugh,butnootheranimalsdo.I'veseenthemlaughatzoos,whenticklingeachother,andwhenplayingchasinggames.Theirlaughsoundslikerapidpanting,butI'vebeenassuredit'sakindoflaughing.

M:WhichremindsmeI'dbettergobackbeforemyroommateseatallthechickenIleftoutinthekitchen!

(23)

A.Thepurposeoflaughter.

B.Thecauseoflaughteranditseffects.

C.Whoandwhenpeoplelaugh.

D.Theoriginsoflaughter.

24.

【B2】

25.(34)

A.Itisproperfortheparentstofeedthedogs.

B.Hisparentsshoulddecidewhatbreedofdogtobuyiftheirchildrenwantone.

C.Theparentsaretoblameifthedogsaxenotproperlylookedafter.

D.Thefamilymembersshouldattendthedogstogether.

26.(18)

A.Shereallycannotlearnmathwellwithoutother'shelp.

B.Mathematicsisthelastsubjectshewantstolearn.

C.Michaelistheonlystudentwhoeverhelpedherwithmath.

D.ShedoesnotwantMichaeltogotoanotherschool.

27.

【B7】

28.(22)

A.Nancyshouldcalltheneighborstocomplain.

B.Nancyshouldintroduceherchildrentotheneighbors.

C.Nancyshouldasktheneighbor'ssontobabyish.

D.Nancyshouldbringtheneighborsagift.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Maryisworthyoftheprize.

B.Maryhasgrantedtheprize.

C.Maryfailsinthespeechcontest.

D.Themandoesn'tthinkMarydeservestheprize.

30.

【B11】

31.听力原文：M:Iwanttoseeaboutgettingaprivateroomassoonaspossible.Also,pleaseputa"NoVisitors"signsonmydoorwhenyouleave.

W:I'lltakecareofboththings,butfirstIhavetogiveyouanexaminationsothatIcanfilloutyourchart.

Q:Whereisthemanintheconversation?

(17)

A.Athome.

B.Inahospital.

C.Inadentist'soffice.

D.Inahotel.

32.听力原文：WhenMidoriwastwoyearsold,sheoftenclimbedontothepianobenchandreachedfortheviolinthatbelongedtohermother,a38-year-oldprofessionalmusician."Pleasedon'ttouch,Midori,"hermotherscolded.Theviolinwas,afterall,worthmorethan20,000dollars.ButMidoripersisted.Shelongedtohandlethegracefulinstrumentthatmadebeautifulsounds.Finally,onherthirdbirthday,Midoriwashandedapackage,atinyviolin,abouthalfthenormalsize.AlmostfromthemomentMidoriwasborn,hermotherknewshewassensitivetomusic.Forseveralyearsmotheranddaughterpractisedtogetherdayafterday.Shewaseagertolearn.Failureoftenledtotears,though,sheneveronceturnedfromtheinstrument.Instead,Shepersistedtilltheproblemwasovercome.Oneday,Johnson,anAmericanmusician;heardMidoriplaytheviolin.Hecouldn'tbelieveshewasjusteightyearsold."ShemustmakeatapeandIwilltakeittotheUnitedStates,"theAmericanmusiciansaid.AfamousAmericanviolinteacherheardthetape.He,too,haddifficultybelievinghisears.Theplayingwasabsolutelyastonishing.Heimmediatelyacceptedherasapupilandrecommendedherforfullscholarship.In1982,MidoriandhermothermovedtoNewYorkCity,leavingbehindacomfortablelifeinJapan.

(33)

A.Ahousewife.B.Asinger.C.Amusician.D.Ateacher.

33.(28)

A.Bread,cheese,rawandcookedvegetablesandbeans.

B.Bread,butter,rawvegetablesandbeans.

C.Bread,cheese,beefandrawvegetables.

D.Bread,butter,rawandcookedvegetablesandpeas.

34.(45)

35.听力原文：M:What'sthelaughterandmusic?Itsoundslikeyouarehavingawonderfulnight.

W:It'sJohn.Hehasguestsover,playingthepianoandhavingalotoffun.

Q:Whatarethemanandwomantalkingabout?

(18)

A.Theyarehavingaparty.

B.Theyareplayingthepiano.

C.Someoneelseishavingaparty.

D.Someoneelseisfunny.

36.【B8】

37.(42)

38.听力原文：M:Haveyouseenmyglasses?Ican'tfindthemanywhere.

W:Gointhebathroomandlookinthemirror.

M:YoumeanI'vegotthemonHowaboutthat?

W:You'rethemostabsent-mindedpersonI'veeverknown.

M:Ican'tdenyit.I'dlosemyheadifitweren'tattachedtomyshoulders.

W:I'llneverforgetthetimeyouwentfishingandforgottotakeyourrodandreel.

M:Iwon'tforgetiteitherbutthat'snotthemostmemorableexampleofmyforgetfulness.

W:Howaboutthetimeyoustartedtoleavewithouthavinganypantson?

M:No,that'snotit.

W:Itcouldn'tbeforgettingyouwallet.You'vedonethatahundredtimes.I'mtiredofguessing,tellme.

M:Youneverwouldhaveguessed.Idon'tbelieveI'veevertoldyouaboutitthoughyouwereindirectlyaffectedbytheincident.Ialmostmarriedmycollegesweetheart.

W:You'reright.You'venevertoldmeabouther.

M:Well,anyway,thedayweweresupposedtogetmarriedwassuchabeautifuldaythatIforgotallabouttheweddingandwentfishinginstead.Thegirlneverforgaveme.

W:Ihardlyblameher,thoughI'mgladthingsturnedoutdifferently.

(20)

A.Onhisface.

B.Nearthemirror.

C.Inthebathroom.

D.Inthewoman'shands.

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Alotofpeoplethinkthatsittingis【B1】______ontheirbacksthanstandingorlifting.Nottrue.Peoplewhosejobsrequirethemtositforlongperiodsoftime【B2】______asmuchfrombackpainaspeoplewholiftalldaylong.Manyworld-classresearchersbelievethatthehuge【B3】______inbackpainoverthepastcoupleof【B4】______—anditishuge--hasalottodowiththefactthatmoreandmoreofusarespendingourworkdaysinchairs.Manypeoplehavethe【B5】______that,iftheirbackpaingetsbadenough,theycanalwaysresortto【B6】______.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Theamountofpainsomeoneisinhasverylittletodowithwhetherornotheorshecould【B7】______fromsurgery.OneBritishresearcherhas【B8】______thatforevery10,000peoplewhoexperienceaboutbackpain,onlyfourneedsurgery.【B9】______.Nolonger.Twoorthreedaysofbed-restisnowthenorm.Afterthat,peopleareadvisedtoreturntotheirnormalactivities,graduallyifnecessary.Thereasonsforthe180°shiftarewhat'sinteresting.Foropeners,【B10】______.Inournextlecture,weshalllookattherelationbetweendepressionandchronicbackpain.【B11】______.

【B1】

40.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Therearemanywaystoloseweight.Firstofall,startsmall.Smallchangesarealoteasiertostickwiththandrasticones.Tryreducingthesizeoftheportionsyoueatandgivingupregularsodaforaweek.Onceyouhavethatdown,startgraduallyintroducinghealthierfoodsandexerciseintoyourlife.

Second,stopeatingwhenyou'refull.Lotsofpeopleeatwhenthey'rebored,lonely,orstressed,orkeepeatinglongafterthey'refulloutofhabit.Trytopayattentionasyoueatandstopwhenyou'refull.Slowingdowncanhelpbecauseittakesabout20minutesforyourbraintorecognizehowmuchisinyourstomach.Sometimestakingabreakbeforegoingforsecondscankeepyoufromeatinganotherserving.

Avoideatingwhenyoufeelupsetorbored,trytofindsomethingelsetodoinstead(awalkaroundtheblockoratriptothegymaregoodalternatives).Manypeoplefindit'shelpfultokeepadiaryofwhattheyeatandwhen.Reviewingthediarylatercanhelpthemidentifytheemotionstheyhavewhentheyovereatorwhethertheyhaveunhealthyhabits.Aregistereddietitiancangiveyoupointersonhowtodothis.

Third,eatlessmoreoften.Manypeoplefindthateatingacoupleofsmallsnacksthroughoutthedayhelpsthemtomakehealthychoicesatmeals.Stickacoupleofhealthysnacksinyourbackpacksothatyoucanhaveoneortwosnacksduringtheday.Addinghealthysnackstoyourthreesquaresandeatingsmallerportionswhenyousitdowntodinnercanhelpyoucutcalorieswithoutfeelingdeprived.

(27)

A.Becauseittakestimebeforeyourbrainrealizesthatyou'refull.

B.Becausethesloweryoueat,thelessyouabsorb.

C.Becauseit'shealthiertoeatslowly.

D.Becauseithelpstohumthefatinyourbody.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Theauthorfeels______towardstheextortionoftheseso-calledattorneys.

A.outrageousB.ridiculousC.surprisedD.acceptable

42.

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheteachersbanharmfulexperimentstoanimalsinorderto

A.maintainecologicalbalance

B.pleaseanimalwelfaregroups

C.getfinancialsupportfromtheirsponsors

D.protectnecessaryharmlessexperimentsonanimals

43.Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,formationofaerosols(悬浮微粒)intheatmospherewillcausetheonset(开始)ofaniceageinaboutfiftyyears'time.Thisconclusion,reachedbyDr.S.RasoolandDr.H.SchneideroftheUnitedStatesGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionsofwhetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxidecontentoftheatmospherewillcausetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentwillcauseittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusivelythattheaerosolquestionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospectthatenvironmentalpollutionmightleadtotheplanet'sbecomingunbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid,becauseitseemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreaseintemperatureofonly2℃.whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticlesdispersedinairorsomeothermedium.Theparticlesareallsotinythateachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycanfloatintheairforaverylongtime.PerhapsthemostcommonlyexperiencedaerosolisindustrialsmogofthekindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAngelestoday.ThesecollectionsofaerosolsreflecttheSun'sheatandtherebycausetheEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.SchneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffectofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceinthetemperatureoftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandtheamountradiatedfromtheEarthisdisturbed.TheaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfraredradiationfrombelow.So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheatremainshighuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.

Withinfiftyyears,ifnostepsaretakentostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5℃seemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyearsitwouldstartanothericeage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselvesreflectmuchoftheSun'sradiationitwouldprobablycontinuetodevelopeveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.

TheonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehopeexpressedbyDr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplacefossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrombecomingcritical.

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleistowarnof______.

A.warmweatherB.hotweatherC.anewiceageD.anewiceberg

44.

Whatdidthegirlaskhim?

A.Sheaskedifhefeltpurposefulinsociety.

B.Sheaskedifhehadanyspecialpurposeinpainting.

C.Sheaskedifhehadfulfilledacertaintask.

D.Sheaskedifhethoughthehadaspecialdutyinsociety.

45.

Whydoespromotionmattersomuchforthosewhohavealreadyacquiredhighsocialstatus?

46.

Fromthedevelopmenthistoryofthetoywecanknowthat______.

A.itwasthefirstproductthatappearedinanadvertisementonTV

B.itwasentirelymadeofplasticin1960

C.manyformsofithavebeendesignedbefore1982

D.itisnotonekindoftoyanymoreatlast

47.Thetelecityisacitywhoselife,direction,andfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwenty-firstcentury,citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity'sarchitecture,shape,andcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.Intheageofthetelecity,NewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthan,say,NewYorkandArkadelphia,Arkansas.

Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasons,includingthedrivetowardcleanair,reducingpollution,energyconservation,morejobsbasedonservices,andcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.

Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCentreinNewYork