2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲四

2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲（四）万圣节的由来和影响There'snothingparticularlydifferenceaboutthewayCanadianscelebrateHalloween,yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.FolkloriststraceHalloweenbacktotheCelticfestivalofSamhain.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNight,saysthefeastmarkedthemidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.HalloweencametoNorthAmericawithIrishandScottishmigrationinthe19thcenturyandunderwentmanyrepeats.“Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodpositionatatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalizedanddomesticated（驯服的），"arguesMr.Rogers.Itchangedfromafamilyaffairtoapartyunitedbyadults.Inpopularculture,HalloweenisviewedasanAmericansecularholiday.AccordingtodigitalcouponcompanyRetailMeNot,73%ofAmericansplantocelebrateitthisyear,andifsaphenomenoninCanadatoo."It'sbecomebiggerandmorecelebratedthaniteverhas，'‘saysChrisAinsworth,whofoundedtheCanadianHauntersAssociation,agroupofhardcoreHalloweenenthusiastswhoturntheirhomesintodetailedhauntedhouseseachyear.In2018,theRetailCouncilofCanadamadenewssayingCanadianswerenowoutspendingAmericansonHalloween,tothetotalof$1billionannually.Theestimatehasremainedstable,saysDianeBrisebois,thecouncilpresident.That,snotbecauseenthusiasmhasdeclinedbutbecausepriceshavebeendrivendown.Somehereareunsatisfiedwiththecommercialinthefestivities.Butinsomewaystheholidayhasalsoreturnedtoitsrootsasacommunity-centeredactivity.Andperhapsthat,swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolisthatisknownasa“cityofvillages”.1.WhatdotheCanadiansseemtolikeaboutHalloween?Itenrichespeople'slife.Itmakespeopleexcited.Itprovidespeopleget-together.ItmarksthefalloftheAutumn.2.WhydoestheHalloweenkeepasteadypositionaccordingtoParagraph2?Itgoesthroughreformation.Itcangiveaspaceforsocialdevelopment.Itprovidespeoplewithdifferentideasaboutholidays.Itcanchangeotherholidaysintomorereasonableones.tcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_.theHalloweenalwaysmakepeopleexcitedpeopleinTorontoliketocelebrateHalloweentheHalloweenisgraduallyreturningitstraditionpeoplearen'tcontentwithcommercialactivitiesinHalloween4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.A.Abiologytextbook.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Aculturemagazine.文章语言点学习重点词汇和短语词汇和短语释义讲解tracebackto追溯到……【相关短语】datebackto...追溯到datefromi始于feastn.盛会；宴会feast作动词,表示“参加宴会;赴宴”【常见表达】aweddingfeast婚宴afeastfortheears视觉盛宴markV.纪念;庆贺标志;意味着mark作名词，表示“记号，符号，标志”【常用搭配】marksth.withsth用...给做标记marksb.downas将某人看作;认定某人为stock-taking库存盘点migration迁移，移居［衍生词］migraten.迁移，移居migrantn.移居者immigratev.（从夕卜地）移居immigrantn.（外来）移民者undergo经历,经验；遭受potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地【衍生词】potentialadj.潜在的，有可能的potentialn.潜力，潜能potentialcustomers潜在的客户institutionalizeadj.约定俗成的;成惯例dviewas把……看作……；认为……是……【相关短语】inviewofsth.鉴于；考虑到；由于abird's-eyeview（ofsth.）鸟瞰;俯视comeintoview进入视野secular世俗的;现世的;非宗教phenomenonn.现象，事件复数形式为phenomenaenthusiastn.热情者，热心者enthusiasmn.热情enthusiasticadj.热心的;热情的beenthusiasticaboutsb./sth.对 热情anenthusiasticwelcome热烈欢迎haunted（被认为）闹鬼的，有鬼魂出没的haunt”时常萦绕心头，使困窘outspend花费超过范围out-前缀，构成动词，表示“超越，超过”outnumber在数量上压倒outgrow长得比快stableadj.稳定的；沉稳的【常见表达】astablerelationship稳定的关系stableprices稳定的价格decline（太阳）落下（在品格、价值上）降低；衰落，谢绝decline作名词，表示“下降;减少;衰退;衰落”indecline/onthedecline下降语法和长难句.NicholasRogers,inhisbookHalloween:FromPaganRitualIoPartyNight, saysthefeast_marked主语状语 谓语宾语从句主语 谓语themidpointbetweentheautumnequinox（秋分）andthefallofwinter,atimeofstock-takingandpreparations.宾语 定语 同位语（第一段第三句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。says后接宾语从句。【译文】NicholasRogers,在他的Halloween:FromPaganRitualtoPartyNigh书中说道，这场盛宴意味着秋分过半，储备的日子——冬天，即将来临。Halloween'sabilitytoprovideapublicspaceforsocialdevelopmenthelditingoodposition主语 定语 谓语宾语宾补atatimewhenotherpotentiallywildholidayswerebecomingmoreinstitutionalized时间状语定语从句引导词 主语 系动词 表语anddomesticated（驯服的），"arguesMr.Rogers.（第二段第二句）【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。【译文】Rogers先生争论道:“在其他潜力十足的节日变得更习俗化和本土化情况下，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位。”Andperhapsthat'swhyeveryonegetssoexcitedaboutHalloweeninToronto,ametropolis主系 表语从句 同位语

thatisknownasa“cityofvillages”thatisknownasa“cityofvillages”.（最后一段最后一句）定语从句引导词 系动词 表语【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。why引导表语从句;that引导定语从句。【译文】也许这就是每个人都对多伦多的万圣节如此感兴趣的原因，多伦多…个被称为“乡村之城”的大都市词汇巩固练习一、根据英文提示，填写单词正确形式［训练词汇正确运用及词性转换能力］China's70thbirthday（mark）withagrandceremonyattheTiananmenSquare.Swallowsbegintheir（migrate）southinautumn.Clearlythisisa （potential）dangeroussituation.Thelawshould （view）asawayofmeetingcertainsocialgoals.BobDoleseemedlessthan（enthusiasm）abouttheproposedmove.二、根据汉语提示，完成句子［训练词汇、短语在语境中的写作应用1It'ssaidthatthesetomatoes （追溯至U）thesouthernUkraineduringtheearly19thcentury.Thisnewseriespromisesa（盛宴）ofspecialeffectsandsetdesigns.Thememoryofthatdaystill（萦绕着）me.Theinjuredmanwasina （稳定的）condition.Anincreaseincarshasresultedinthe （下降）ofpublictransport.答案速查:1-4CBCD词汇巩固练习wasmarkedmigrationpotentiallybeviewedenthusiastictraced/datebacktofeasthauntsstabledecline【背景知识】万圣节前夜源自古代凯尔特民族（Celtic）的新年节庆，又名万圣夜。其英语名称中的，出山0亚”源于中古英语的“halween"，与“holy”词源很接近，意思是在纪念所有圣人（AllHallows）的那一天要举行的弥撒（Mass）。欧洲传统上认为万圣节前夜是灵异世界最接近人间的时间。现在，万圣夜已经变成一年中最流行和最受欢迎的节日之一，许多人都以极大的热情来庆祝这一节日。万圣夜在11月1日的前一夜，其实是赞美秋天的节目。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了万圣节的由来、影响以及加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。【语篇结构】结构划分具体信息第一段万圣节的历史。第二段万圣节的影响。第三段一第四段加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。

【试题解析】题目答详解1C细节理解题。［定位句］...yetperhapsatleastinmyneighborhood,itseemstobemoreabouttogethernessthananygreatpassiontowearawitch'shatorstringsomenetsaroundthebush.（第一段第一句）［