名词和数量词

名词和数量词一、名词★名词的定义：名词是指人或事物的名称，例如：人的姓名与称呼，物品的名称，地点，时间，品行或行为以及抽象概念，等等。★名词的分类：分为普通名词和专有名词其中普通名词包扌舌可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。1） 可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police）。2） 不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,theGreatWall，theSpringFestival，France，theUnitedStates）（一）名词的数名词分为可数与不可数名词。不可数名词（1） 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。如：health,advice,information,glass,wood,English,China.（2） 表示学科名称的以-ics结尾的名词常用作单数，如：politics,physics.（3） 表示以-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词用作单数，如:theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations.注意:1）不可数名词前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2）不可数名词表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语修饰。可数名词可数名词包括个体名词，有单复数形式。（1）规则名词复数构成的方法：①以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es.如：dressdresses,watch—watches,box—boxes.但stomach—stomachs除外。以“辅音字母+-o”结尾的名词后加-es。如：mosquito—mosquitoes,hero—heroes,但一些特殊的以-o结尾的名词后加-s。如：radio—radios,photo—photos,piano—pianos.有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero—zeros（zeroes）,volcano—volcanos（volcanoes）但以-oo结尾的名词只加-s。如：bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般把“f”或“-fe”改成“v”再加-es,读作/vz/。如：leaf—leaves,life—lives但是roof—roofs,chies—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,serf—serfs,belief—beliefs,proof--proofs除外。以-th结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s。如：mouth—mouths,path—paths,youth—youths（2）不规则变化（特殊变化）：1） 单复数形式相同的名词。如：asheep一twosheepadeer—twodeer2） means,fish,works,以及由汉语英译表示度量衡、币制等单位的名词,它们用作主语，其谓语动词用单数。如：yuan（元）,jiao（角），fen（分）jin（斤），mu（亩）3） 只有复数形式。如：trousers,glasses（眼镜），compasses,thanks,clothes,remains（遗物、遗体），ashes,contents（内容），goods（货物）。4） 表示“某国人“的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。单、复数形式相同，如：aChinese—twoChinese,aJapan—twoJapaneseo还包括以-ese（或-ss）结尾的表示某国人的词，如：Swiss,Portuguese等。词尾加-s,如：aGerman-threeGermans,anAmerican-twoAmericans。这类词还有Frenchman,Irishman等。5） 复合名词的复数形式因词而异。如：A．主题名词变成复数形式looker（s）-on,sister（s）-in-lawB.两个组成部分皆变成复数形式Manservent-menservents womandoctorwomendoctors6）单数和复数意思不同sight（视力）一sights（名胜）；water（水）一waters（水域）；custom（习惯）一customs（海关）；spirit（精神）一spirits（情绪）;7） 有些名词的复数形式表示特别意义。如：Papaers报纸，文件manners礼貌goods货物works工厂，著作looks外表glasses眼镜greens青菜 hairs几根头发times时代sands沙滩，沙地irons脚镣，手铐drinksforces军队spirits酒精，情绪8） 一些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同类别。如：vegetables各种蔬菜，silks各种丝绸,fruits各种水果9） 有些名词形式上是单数但具有复数的意义，谓语动词要用复数：police,people,public,cattle,staff,the+adj.,the+分词;（表示一类人）等.10） “word”作“消息”或“通知”解时，前面不加“a”或“the”，也不用复数形式。如：WordcamethatthemeetingwillbeheldonFriday.通知说，星期五开会。Pleasesendmewordofyourarrival.你来的时候请告诉我。注意下列词组中名词的单、复数：keep/breakone'sword守（失）信leaveword留言amanofhisword有信用的人inaword简言之wordfor/byword逐字地uponmyword说实在的话eatone'sword收回前言，认错inotherwords换句话说thelastwords临终的话wasteone'swords白费口舌havefewwords/awordwith与某人说句话（二）名词的用法集合名词的单、复数用法（1）集合名词指整个集合体，则视为单数，动词用单数形式。（2）集合名词指集合体中的个体，则视为复数，动词用复数形式。如：Theclassistohaveitspicturetakenthisafternoon.（theclass指整体）今天下午全班照相。Thisclassarehvinglunchnow.（thisclass=thestudentsofthisclass）这个班级的同学在吃午饭。名词用作形容词有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式，因此常直接以该名词作形容词，用来修饰另一个名词。有些直接用名词来修饰名词金戒指goldring;物理实验室physicslab;咖啡杯coffeecup;油壶oilpot;苹果籽appleseeds；名词数量表达1）可用来修饰可数名词的数量表达：some,afew,several,agroupof,alotof,lotsof,many,alargenumberof,thousandsof,twohundred/thousand,apairof,agreatmany等。可用来修饰不可数名词的数量表达：some,alittle,alotof,lotsof,much,hugeamountsof,ahugeamountof,abottleof,plentyof,agreatdealof等。eg.Heisoneofthebestchemistryteachersintheschool.他是学校里最好的化学老师之一。（三） 名词的所有格表示有生命的东西的名词这类名词的所有格一般在词后加“'S”，其构成形式如下：（1） 一般名词后加“'s”。如：mybrother'sbag（2） 以-s或-es结尾的名词的所有格，只在名词的右上方加“'”。如：theworkers'club（3） 以-s结尾的专有名词的所有格，一般可在名词的右上方加“'”，也可以加“'”。如：Dickens'/Dickens'sbooks.（4） 复合名词所有格的词尾“'”加在后面的名词之后。如：hisdaughter-in-law'spicture（5） 如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后面的名词后加“'s”；如果不是共有，两个名词后都要加“，s”。如：JaneandMary'sroom（共有）Jane'sandTom'sbooks（不共有）或Jane'sbooksandTom'sbooks（6） 在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的词。如：atMr.Green's在格林先生家tomyuncle's到我叔叔家atthetailor's在裁缝店（7） 用作修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用“'s”。如：roomnumber,atoothbrush,coffeecup；若仅表示一种类别或类型时，名词往往用单数形式。四；考点体悟命题考点1物质名词和抽象名词具体化Hegainedhis byprinting offamouswriter.（NMET1995）A.wealth;workB.wealth;works C..wealths;worksD.wealth;works解析：本题主要考查了可数名词和不可数名词的用法。wealth财富，是不可数名词；work“工作”时是不可数名词，但表示“著作”时则是可数名词。本句意思是：他通过印刷著名作家的著作而获得了财富。答案为D。命题考点2名词作定语The isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.（上海2001）A.bicycle'sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycle'sshops解析：本题考查名词修饰名词。答案为B。考点完全解读：名词作定语是高考重点，也是语用焦点。其表达方法有：（1） 表示时间：eveningpaper（2）表示地点： schoollife;railwaystation;collegestudents（3） 表示材料或物资来源：stonebridge;furhat（4） 表示目的和用途：shoestore;bookshop;toothbrush（5） 表示职业、身份和性别等：girlfriend;penname;busdrivers;manteachers;（6） 其他类别：stampcollection;animallife;bodytemperature;telephonenumberYou'llfindthismapofgreat inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.（NMET1998）A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness解析：本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“beof+抽象名词”结构。Price（价格），cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作“qualityofbeingusefulordesirable，解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为'有用，有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“of+抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。答案为C。命题考点3特殊名词作主语与谓语的关系；主谓一致的各种形式理解1．Everypossiblemeans topreventairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析：means单复数同形的名词，意思是“方法”，此处由Every断定此处表示单数，谓语动词应该用单数；再依据后半句提示谓语时态应该为现在完成时。答案为【C】2．（2004北京卷28）Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass, visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe解析：名词、代词与介词短语连用作主语时，谓语动词形式由前面的名词、代词决定。答案【A】【注意】集合名词；单复数同形的名词；复数形式单数概念名词；所有格后省略的名词；度量衡名词；成双成套的名词（apairof...+V.single）；every/no/each修饰的名词；morethenone.../manya...构成复数意义，谓语要用单数［morethan+n.（pl.）+one+V.（pl・）］;oneortwo+n.（pl.）+V单数；。形容词/分词作主语时，复数集合/一家/夫妻，谓语用复数，但表示抽象概念/一个人时，谓语动词一般用单数；主语是句子、短语时，谓语动词一般用单数；强调句It+be+...that/who中be总是单数形式,that/who后的谓语必须跟被强调部分一致；定语从句中的谓语动词形式必须与先行词的单、复数形式保持一致（”oneof+名词复数+定从”谓语动词复数形式，但当one前有theonly/very或形容词最高级修饰时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式）;therebe结构中be动词的形式由紧跟be后面的名词形式决定;在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是什么，be动词习惯上总是were形式。命题考点4与动词或介词构成的固定搭配［例］Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.（2006江西高考）A.safety B.company C.house D.friend的keepsbcompany就是一个典型的固定搭配式，意为“与……为伴”。命题考点5名词搭配的语境限定［例］Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof .(2006广东高考)A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balance［析］outofdate意为“过期，不时髦”;outofshape意思是“不成形的”;outoforder就是indisorder,意为“乱七八糟的”。搭配并无问题，而意义决定了B是正确答案。命题考点6名词的同、近义词辨析［例］I'msureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood ofdirection.(2005浙江高考)A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense［析］名词的同、近义词辨析，不仅仅较多地应用于书面表达，而且还可以较为灵活地设题于单项填空、完形填空或短文改错题中。本题的四个近义词选项中，sense的“意识”性更强，因而答案选D。常易设题的同、近义名词有如下各组：(1)cause,reason,excuse,explanation;family,home,house,room,space;sign,signal,mark,example,symbol;award,reward,prize,money;value,price,cost,charge;kind,sort,type,variety;range,reach,distance,length;news,word,message,information,notice;energy,force,strength,power;accident,incident,affair,event,business,matter;practice,training,exercise,drill;sight,view,scenery;ache,pain,injury,damage,wound;means,way,method,approach,skill,experience;travel,trip,journey,voyage;idea,sense,feeling,opinion,thought,thinking;job,work,duty,task;pause,stop,rest,break;fact,deed,reality,practice;match,race,contest,competition五：基础练习A1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I'vebeento .A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry'shomeD.Henry's(D)2．InEngland,if isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven'tfoundit.Whynottry .A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once(B)Iopenedtheletteranditcontained A..animportantinformation B.importantinformationC.theimportantinformation D.aimportantinformation(B)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAllofthepeopleatthemeetingare .A.mathematicteachers B.mathematicsteachersC.mathematicsteacher D.mathematic'teachers(B)TheUnitedStates inNorthAmerican, ?A.are;aren'tthey B.is;isn'tit C.was;wasn'tit D.were;weren'tthey(B)Ayoungmancann'thave .A.experienceofworld B.experienceoftheworldC.theexperienceoftheworld D.theexperienceofworld(C)Wewon'thave tonight.A.manyhomeworksB.muchhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomework(D)Juliewenttothe tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoestoreC.shoe'sstoreD.shoes'store(B)Youcanfindthebreadonthe A.counterofthekitchen B.kitchencounterC.kitchen'scounter D.counterofthekitchen's(B) isthelargestofthecontinentsoftheworld.A.AsiaB.AnAsiaC.AAsiaD.TheAsia(A)Nohumanbeingcanchangethelawof .A.thenature B.anature C.annature D.nature(D)Ilookforwardto yournewapartmentsometimenextweek.A.visit B.payingavisit C.avisit D.visitingto(B)Maryhas friendsherethatsometimesshefeelslonely.A.suchfew B.soafew C.veryfewD.sofew(B)Thereareseveralsingersonthestage,but areknowntome.A.nooneB.nobodyC.noneD.all(C)Inanotherepisodethewomanshewasonadatewith whenhecalledherbyanothercontestant'sname.A.burstintotear B.burstintotearsC.burstintocrying D.burstouttearsIfbooksforchildrenarenotwritteninaclear,easyandlovely ,theywillnotliketoreadthebooksstyleB.designC.shapeD.patten(A)AnimportantpartofthenationalgovernmentistheForeignService,abranchoftheDepartmentofState.A.adevisionB.anoffice C.anorganizationD.arole(A)Soilsarerenewableresourcesthatsupportallmankind.A.gentlemenB.humans C.structures D.culture(B)Aliceisnotfondof ,but,toloseweight,shetakesalotof byridingabiketoandfromwork.A.exercise…sportB.sport…exerciseC.sport…practiseD.exercise…practice.Hecannotdriveyet,buthewants .A.theowncar B.thecarofhisownC.anowncarD.acarofhisown(D)___ awonderfulsenseofhumour.A.TheEnglishhaveB.TheEnglishhasC.EnglishhaveD.Englishhas(A) peoepleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileveryday.A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion(A)Only10percentofthestudentsintheclass Leaguemembers.About40%ofJim'sincome totherent.A.are;goes B.are;go C.is;goes D.is;go(A)Onesixofourclassmates frompeasantfamilies.Onefifthofhertime developedtowriting.A.comes;is B.come;are C.come;is D.comes;are(C)B层Althoughthelong-term___ can'tbepredicated,theprojecthasbeenapprovedbythecommittee.A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford(B)Intheadvancedcoursestudentsmusttakeperformancetestatmonthly .A.distance B.gaps C.length D.intervals(D)Everyonesaysthatheisthevery ofhisfather.A.person B.figure C.image D.likelihood(C) hewasonlyinterestedinmakingmoney.A.Ashewasastudent B.AstudentashewasC.Asstudenthewas D.Studentthoughhewas(D)Hispoliticsareratherconservativecomparedwithother .A.politicansB.politican'sC.politicans'D.politicianNowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable tothetotalcostoftheproduct.A．relation B.connectionC.proportionD.reference(C)IfyouwanttogotoChicagointimetogototheopeningceremony,youhaveno buttogobyplane.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative(D)Alltheteachersaswellasthestudentsatthe school Proudoftheirschool.A.medicines...areB.medicalareC.medicine's...areD.medical...is(B)Onewaytoavoidtoomuchexposuretosunlightistoalwaysseek whenyouwalk.A.shadeB.shadowC.darknessD.shallow(A)Afterfailingtopassthetestforthreetimes,Georgefinallysucceededonhisfourth .A.attemptB.displayC.competitionD.trial(A)Theprojecthaditsworkcutoutforitwasfullyrestoringthetempletoits state.A.formerB.firstC.originalD.old(C) explanationshavebeenofferedforitsorigin,butnobodyknowsthetruestoryforcertain.A.AnumberofB.ThenumberofC.AlargeamountofD,.Agreatdealof(A)Violentprogramsontelevisionmayhaveabad onchildren.A.affectionB.pressureC.influenceD.control(C)Punishmenthadverylittle onhim.A.affectB.influenceC.effectD.cause(C) toyou YaleUniversity!A.Congratulations.onentering B.Congratulations.forenteringC.Congratulation.inentering D.Congratulation.toenter(A) ismissedinthesentence.A.AwordortwoB.OneortwowordsC.OneandtwowordsD.Manywords(A)Everymeans beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is(A)Hisfamily allverywell.Hisfamily a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are.(A)Mybluetrousers allwornout.Onepairoftrousers notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is(D)Thepoliceman standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is

Thenewsatsixo'clock nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews tobebroadcast.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is(C)workers.22.Thepopulationoftheearth increasingfast.Onethirdofthepopulationhere workers.A.is;areB.is;is C.are;A.is;areB.is;is C.are;is(A)23.Oneandahalfbanana onthetable.A.areleftB.isleftC.haveleft(B)24.Politics oneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.A.areB.isC.wereD.are;areD.hasleftD.was(B)25.There pricelessjewelleryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.areB.haveC.isD.has(C)Theyoungmanmadea tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.(2008湖北卷)A.predictionB.promise C.plan D.contribution(B)27Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly (2008湖北卷)A.atmosphereB.state C.situation D.phenomenon(A)28Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten,thestudentsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“SaveOur ”(2008安徽卷)A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices(D)29Everytonofthisrecycledpaperuses90litresofwaterinits .(2008上海春招)A.structureB.manufacture C.constructionD.organization(B)verypossiblemeans beentried，andwefindonly thismeanscanwedoitwell．A．have，inB．have，byC．has，inD．has，by(D)mis person,andeveryoneiswillingtobe withhim.A.sokinda,friendsB.soakind,friendsC.sokinda,friendD.soakind,friend(A)MayItakeyourordernow?”“We'dlikethreeblack andtwogreen .”A.coffee,cupsofteas B.coffees,teasC.cupsofcoffee,teaD.cupofcoffees,teas(B) isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Walk B.Walking C.Thewalk D.Towalk(B)Itisreportedthatagreatnumberof diedinthedrought．A．cattleB．policesC．peoplesD．poultry(A)35.Itisreportedthatthefirehascaused tothefactory.D.muchdamageA.adamageB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.muchdamage36.Helikesfurnitureusedinhishometown,which madeof .A.is...wood B.are...wood C.is...wooden D.are...woods(A)37.Itisgood tothankthepersonwhohasdoneyouafavour.attitudesB.attitudeC.mannersD.manner(D)38.. camethattheenemytroopshadgottothefootofthemountain.A.WordB.WordsC.ThewordsD.Aword(A)Theystored foodandwaterinthecavetopreparefortheworst.A.largequantitiesofB.agreatmanyC.aplentyofD.quitealot(A)TanksheavenIhavefinished atlast.A.adayworkB.aday'sworkC.one—dayworkD.aworkoftheday(B)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDuringthespring ,manyyoungplantsbecameburiedin .A.wind.sandsB.winds.sandsC.winds.sandD.wind.thatsands(C)Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,hehasincreasedhismoney .A.bytwothousandmoreB.bytwothousandC.attwothousandmoreD.withtwothousand(B)Therecently—builtlabneeded .A.severalnewequipmentsB.quiteafewequipmentC.anumberofequipmentsD.somenewtypeofequipment(D)44.0urnationalteam reorganized.A.havebeenB.arebeingC.hasbeenD.isto(C)45.Itwas thatwewentcampinginthemountainslastweek.A.suchniceweatherB.tooniceweatherC.soniceaweatherD.niceweatherso(A)C层 hewasonlyinterestedinmakingmoney.A.Ashewasastudent B.AstudentashewasC.Asstudenthewas D.Studentthoughhewas(D)Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofanimalsdependsmainlyon A.instruction B.instinct C.intelligence D.interaction(B)Themoviewascommentedasexcellentinthe publishedinthelocalnewspaper.A.survey B.review C.inspection D.investigation(B)Withtheopeningofthenewcomputerlab,studentshaveeasy tocomputers.A.access B.approach C.accesses D.approaches

Icaughta ofherbeforeshevanishedintothecrowd.A.glimpseB.stareC.watchD.glance(A)Besurethatthegameyouselectiswithinthe ofyourstudents'ability.A.degreeB.rangeC.extentD.limit(B)Atpresent,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical .A.facilities B.instruments C.equipment D.appliances(D)Theresultoftheelectionwasa(n) ofthegreatinfluenceofpublicopiniononstateaffairs.A.meansB.indexC.mediumD.reason(B)Thereaderwillthenbeabletoseeata howyouhavestructuredyourdiscussion.A.glare B.grip C.glanceD.glitter(C)Halfofthematerial Halfofthematerial away.A.hasbeentaken B.aretaken(A)There inthisroom.A.aretoomanyfurnituresC.aretoomuchfurnituresC.havebeentakenD.weretakenaretoomuchfurnitureD.istoomuchfurniture(D)Onlytwohundreddallars enoughtoderalwithit.A.areB.isC.hasD.have(B)Chinese notsodifficulttolearn.TheChinesepeople braveandhardworking.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are(C)Little donetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.Much donetoagainstfightpollution.A.hasbeen;havebeenB.have;hashasbeen;hasbeenD.havebeen;havebeen.Mybrotheraskedmetokeep onthebabywhenshewascooking.A.theeyeB.aneyeC.twoeyesD.mucheyes(B)提高层次C一)D.morefiftyhairTenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad .D.morefiftyhairA.afewwhitehairsB.alittlewhitehairC.somewhitehair—Hi,thisway,please.—OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof whenIarriveatthecrossroad.A.position B.DirectionC.situation D.conditionShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst A.intention B.attempt C.purpose D.desireIdidn'thavetoworkallweekend—Ididitby .A.chanceB.choiceC.accidentD.myself“Didyouget totheparty?”“Yes,Irepliedtoitthismorning.”A.ananswerB.aninvitationC.aquestionD.aletterIpaidhim£50forthepainting,butitstrue mustbeatleast£500.A.price B.money C.value D.importanceHisletterwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeany ofit.A.explanation B.meaning C.sense D.guessYou'vejustmissedyour ,andyouwillhavetowaitforthenextround.A.chance B.turnC.time D.part—LiLinisverybrightandstudieshardaswell.—It'sno healwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.question B.doubtC.problemD.wonder—HowcanIusethiswashingmachine?—Well,justrefertothe .A.explanationsB.ExpressionsC.introductions D.directionsJimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe .roomsnumber B.roomnumberC.room'snumbersD.roomnumbers—Hello,I'dliketospeaktoHenry.—Oh,which ?Therearetwo inouroffice.A.Henrys,Henrys B.Henries,HenriesC.Henry,HenrysD.Henrys,HenriesElectricity,likeotherformsof ,hasgreatlyincreasedinpriceinrecentyears.A.pressure B.forceC.strength D.energyInordertolearnthe ofthefamilybusiness,Billtookajobasmessengerboyinoneoftheoffices.A.insandoutsB.dosanddon'tsC.headsandtailsD.t'sandi's—I'vegotan“A”intheexamination.—That'sagood .Youwillsurelywinasecond.A.result B.news C.start D.idea【答案与解析】选A。hair可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说There'sahairinmysoup（我的汤里有根头发）；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。选B。需根据句意来分析。havenosenseofdirection意为“没有方向感”。选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt在此表示“尝试”。选B,由于上文说didn'thavetowork，所以下文相应的语境应是diditbychoice。类似地，下面一题应选D,也是因为choice与下文的havetodoit相呼应：Wereyougivena ,ordidyouhavetodoit?jobdutyrequestchoice选B。注意其后的totheparty和repliedtoit。选C。value指“价值”。选Comakesenseof意为“明白"、“理解”。比较：makesense意为“有意义"、“意思清楚"、“有道理”。如下面一题选D：Whathetoldusaboutthesituationsimplydoesn'tmakeany .A.usereasonvaluesense选Bomissone'sturn电为“错过机会”，注意下文的...havetowaitforthenextround所表示的语境。选Doit'snowonder（+that从句）的意思是“难怪”，也可说成Nowonder（+that从句）。选D。directions的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的referto意为“查看”、“参考”。选D。room为无生命名词，不用room's这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B,也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用单数不用复数）：Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata yesterday.shoesshopshoeshopshoes'sshopshoe's选C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星职week）内，只有一个星期六（Saturday）,—个星期日（Sunday）等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：WehavespentmanyhappySundaysthere.我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将y改为i。选D。从常识来考虑，electricity属于energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：选A。insandouts意为“细节”，dosanddon'ts意为“注意事项”，headsortails为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p'sandq's主要用于mindone'sp'sandq's，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适。选C。从语法上看，news不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C,选C最合适，因为start与下文的asecond相吻合。二）选词填空concealbeneficialproceedemphasisvirtueenergeticperspectiveadventurousefficientstrengthenbeliefemotionstickstimulatecomplimentInthenextfiveyearsmore shouldbeputonelementaryeducationinruralareas.Afterallthemisunderstandingsandmistrust,weallhopedthetwosidesshouldlookatthematterfromabrand-new .Itisquitenaturalthatwomenliketohear ontheirappearances.Yogaisoneofthemost andoneofthemostbeautifulformsofexercise.Thenewcomputerismuchmore andisabletodonearlytwicetheworkinaunitoftime.Hisvoicewasfilledwith whenhespokeofwhathehadseenintheearthquakestrickenarea.Myfatherhadmuch indoctorsoftraditionalChinesemedicine.Althoughshefeltangry,shetriedto herangerfromherfriends.Theexercisesaredesignedto yourstomachmuscles.Sincewe'vesettledthefirstproblem,nowlet's tothenextinthelist.Jackiskind,honestandcourageous.Heisamanofgreat .Thegovernmentwilldoeverythinginitspowerto economicgrowth.Mygrandpaisas asayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday.Johnisvery ,alwayswillingtotrynewthingsandunafraidofrisks.Hejust tohisowntheory,nomatterwhatotherssaid.参考答案：1.ceed11.virtue12.stimulate13.energetic14.adventurous15.stick二．数量词数量词的重难点1．序数词的一些特别的用法一些特殊数量词的用法归类与考点总结数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。一．基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：从1——10one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten．从11——19eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。从21——99整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21twenty-one76seventy-six百位数个数基数词形式力『'hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and.101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight千位数以上从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“，”前面的数字后添加million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion，twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion，onehundredandsixty-sixthousand，twohundredandthirty-four基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall.大厅里有数以百计的人。ThousandsandthousandsofpeoplecometovisittheMuseumofQinTerra-CottaWarriorsandHorseseveryday.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。Theywenttothetheatreintwosandthrees．他们三三两两地来到了剧院。表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties．他三十多岁时成为了教授。Shediedoflungcancerinforties．她四十来岁时死于肺癌。Itwasinthe1960s．那是在二十世纪六十年代。基数词的句法功能基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。Thetwohappilyopenedthebox．两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）Ineedthreealtogether．我总共需要三个。（作宾语）Fourstudentsareplayingvolleyballoutside．四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）Wearesixteen．我们是16个人。（作表语）Theythreetriedtofinishthetaskbeforesunset．他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式：从第一至第十九其中，one—first， two—second，three—third，five—fifth，eight—eighth，nine—ninth，twelve—twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如：six—sixth、nineteen—nineteenth.从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieththirty——thirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“－”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first第三十一fifty-sixth第五十六seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand，threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lstsecond——2ndthird——3rdfourth——4thsixth——6thtwentieth——20thtwenty-third——23rd其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。ThesecondiswhatIreallyneed．第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语）Hechoosethesecond．他挑选了第二个。（作宾语）Wearetocarryoutthefirstplan．我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语）Sheisthesecondinourclass.在我们班她是第二名。（作表语）注:序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再——”,“又——”。We'llgooveritasecondtime.我们得再念第二遍。We'vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson——LessonOnethefifthpage——Page5（five）thetwenty-firstroom——Room21（twenty-one）★由基数词和序数词构成的分数讲解分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird24/25twenty-fourtwenty-fifths31/4threeandonefourth或threeandonequarter1/2ahalf1/4onequarter或aquarter11/2oneandahalf11/4oneandaquarter当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1/2hours一个半小时（读作oneandahalfhours）3/4meters二又四分之三米（读作twoandthree-fourthsmeters）4/5meter五分之四米5/6inch六分之五英寸表示“n次方”的说法：指数用序数词，底数用基数词。10的7次方theseventhpoweroften（tentotheseventhpower）6的10次方thetenthpowerofsix（sixtothetenthpower）常用表示法一、时刻表示法表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock5:00读作fiveo'clock或five表示几点过几分，在分钟后加past，再加小时fivepastseven七点过五分halfpastsix六点半aquarterpasteight八点过一刻sevenpasteight八点过七分表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加to,再加小时tentoeight差十分八点（七点五十分）aquartertotwelve差一刻十二点（十一点四十五分）twenty