农学、园艺试验统计方法课后答案(主编：盖钧镒)

习题1P47/1(1)总体是指所研究的金针虫总体；(2)样本是指从金针虫总体中随机抽取的6个个体组成的样本；(3)变数是指金针虫的头数；(4)观察值是指变数的6个取值为6个观察值。2组

限组中值（y）划线计数

次数（ƒ）24.5—27.526║227.5—30.529╫╫║730.5—33.532╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫║║2433.5—36.535╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫│4136.5—39.538╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫│2139.5—42.541║║442.5—45.54445.5—48.547│1P47/2

极差=46-26=20；组数=7；组距=20/7=2.8571≈3

100个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表3

100个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图P47/3⑴4

100个小区水稻产量资料的多边形图⑵5P47/4直接法:加权法:6P47/5等级差法:假定y0=35，7P47/6BS24：金皇后：8P47/7

10株小麦的分蘖数为：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3，y2–1=6–1=5P47/89P72/2⑴⑵⑶10P72/3⑴在回交后代200株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出现的概率各为1/2，即杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有100株。⑵F1自交得F2代的分离作3:1遗传比率，即非糯稻为0.75，糯稻为0.25，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概率分布——二项式分布。11P72/4非糯稻：Np=2000×0.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=2000×0.25=500受害株数概率函数P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92调查单位为5株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.0012样本平均数(成数)的抽样分布:样本总和数(次数)的抽样分布:13P73/6⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸14⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽15P73/7N(16，4)⑴⑵⑶⑷16P73/8N=5，n=2⑴⑵17⑶次数（ƒ）1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152个样本平均数分布的次数分布表18

52个样本平均数分布的次数分布图19⑸

平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。⑷由25个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差:20P73/9

⑴⑵⑶21P73/10结果为：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0⑴⑵22P97/4⑴⑵23P97/5否定无效假设，接受备择假设。24P97/6

否定H0接受H025P97/7

接受H026P97/8

接受H027P97/9

⑴28⑵29⑶⑷接受H030P97/10⑴去雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-19212531⑵⑶否定H0去雄28303135303430283432未去雄2528292931252827322732⑷⑸

成组数据(t=2.905)＜成对数据(t=3.444)，即成组数据容易犯第二类错误。33P97/11⑴接受H034⑵令属真实差异35P127/5

4组数据编

号Ti

ni

12345678组1810164782465.758组292115.502组3650737284.676组41686114110.25436组1组2组3组4⑴⑵37⑶两种计算方法结果完全相同。⑷与总变异平方和完全相同。38种植密度(株、667㎡)千

粒

重123420002472582562511012253400023824424623696424160002142272212188802208000210204200210824206测定4种密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重结果P128/6

3940方差分析表变异来源DF

SS

MS

F

F0.05

F0.01

处理间35304176869.79**

3.495.95误

差1230425.33

总

变

异155608

41

多重比较时的LSRa值计算

种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著的差异，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。p

SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.4743.334.688.3911.79

处

理平均千粒重差异显著性5%1%

2000253aA

4000241b

B

6000220

cC

8000206dD42P128/7

3个稻田的农药残留量T=27.0稻

田123水

样123123123残留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.01.9水样Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.004344方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻田间22.371.19148.7**5.1410.92水样间60.050.008＜1水样内90.160.018总变异172.5845

多重比较时的LSRa值计算

种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：水样间无显著差异；稻田间有极显著的差异，稻田3农药污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田1最轻。p

SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.191333.585.510.13070.2011处

理平均残留量差异显著性5%1%

稻田32.00aA

稻田21.35b

B

稻田11.15

cC46P128/85个水稻品种干物质的干物质积累量密度样点千粒重TijTi甲17.88.99.211.410.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙37.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.112.61615.215.112.312.512.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.914.691011.717.215.615.115.871.44748方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01品种间4435.1308108.782724.37**5.1911.39样

点间522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51样

点内4069.11601.7279总变异49526.564849

多重比较时的LSRa值计算

5个水稻品种干物质的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：5个水稻品种间有极显著的差异。其中，戊与丙、甲与乙、乙与丁间无显著差异；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著水平。p

SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563.813.984.084.13处

理平均干物质量差异显著性5%1%戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88aabbccAABBCCC50P128/95个小麦品种的黑穗病率（%）反正弦转换ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.279.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.0→0.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.1810.7818.7266.891.73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.313.3151.5180.238.0445.34157.51169.33T=357.3T=410.2251方差分析表结论：品种间差异不显著。变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品种间34767.331589.112.453.24误差1610365.32647.83总变异1915132.6552方差分析表结论：数据转换后,品种间差异显著。说明转换后各品种的均方得到改进，从而提高了测验的灵敏度。变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品种间32982.94994.313.34*3.24误差164767.96298.00总变异197750.0953P143/1接受H0：差异不显著54P143/26个方差同质性测验的计算

133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516Σ

24282.9210.903443.613655否定H0：差异显著56P143/3测验下表各样本观察次数是否适合各相应的理论比率样本号理论比率观察次数A

an⑴⑵⑶⑷3:13:11:115:113424076240

36120561317036013225357P144/4接受H0：差异不显著58P144/5200个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验每穗粒数次数(O)理论次数(E)组限(y)组中点25.5～30.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.201030.5～35.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.5～40.53810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.5～45.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.680.087245.5～50.54832-4.35-0.430.157431.480.008650.5～55.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.5～60.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.5～65.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.5～70.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.5～75.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.5～80.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.5～85.583230.653.040.00551.110.713659P144/6接受H0：差异不显著60P144/7杂交F3代在室内与田间对某种病害反应的相关研究H0:两个变数相互独立；HA:两个变数彼此相关否定H0：差异极显著田

间

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