2021-2022年甘肃省金昌市公共英语五级(笔试)真题(含答案)

2021-2022年甘肃省金昌市公共英语五级(笔试)真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15题)1.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

听力原文：Lasttimewestartedlookingatthequestionofmanagementandwonderingwhatthetermactuallymeant.Thenwetookabrieflookattheconceptofscientificmanagement.Youremember,wedecideditwasusefulbutnotenoughonitsown.Sotodaywe'regoingtolookatanotheraspect—behavioralmanagement.Youmaynotreallyhavecomeacrossthisword"behavioral"before,thoughI'msureyouarefamiliarwiththeword"behavior".Behavioralsimplymeanshavingtodowithbehavior.Andthatisourstartingpointfortoday:Wearegoingtostartbyrealizingthattheactivityofanyorganizationishumanactivity,designedtoachievehumangoals.Sowearereallytalkingabouthumanbehavior.

Anybusinessconcerndoestwothings.First,itprovideseithergoodsorservicesthatthecustomerneeds.Thatis,iteithermakesthingsordoesthingsforotherpeopleinexchangeformoney.Second,itprovidespeoplewithwork—andmostofushavetoworkinordertomakealiving.

Work,muchaswemaysometimeswishwedidn'thavetodoit,ornotquitesomuchofit,hasinfacttwoadvantages.First—andIspokeaboutthislasttime—itcangiveussatisfaction.Wecanbeproudofwhatwearedoing—likeacraftsmanmakingsomethingbeautiful,oradoctorofanursehelpingpeoplewhoareillorinpain.ThisiswhatIcalledjobsatisfaction,andwithoutitIamsureworkcanbecomeanawfulburden.Andonamorebasiclevel,workearnsusmoney,whichwecanusetobuythethingsweneedinordertolive,likefoodandsomewheretolive,aswellasalltheluxurieswecouldprobablydowithoutbutstillliketohave.

Behavioralmanagementisbasedonaresearchofhowpeoplebehaveatwork.Itusesthefindingsofpsychologistsandsociologists,andsoon.Thesemakeastudyofindividualsandgroupstoseewhatthingsinfluencethewaytheybehaveindifferentconditions.Theresultscanthenbeusedtodesignthebestconditionsinwhichpeoplewillperform—orbehave—inthewaythatamanagerwantsthemtoinordertomakeabusinessmoreefficientandtoachieveitsgoals.Theyhavecollectedalotofevidenceandformulatedalotoftheoriestohelpthemanager,andthereisnodoubtthatproperlyunderstoodandapplied,thiscanbeveryuseful.

Butstillwereturntothefactthatpeopleareindividuals,alldifferentfromeachother,andall—aswesay—withmindsoftheirown.Sonomatterwhatthemanagerknowsaboutthewaypeoplebehaveingroupsandsoon,hehasreallytotreateveryoneonhisstaffasanindividualinhisownright.Ofcourse,hecanbehelpedinthisbyknowinghowtoencouragepeopletodothings,howtostimulatethemtobehaveinacertainway,andsoon.Amanagercanhimselfbetaughthowtodothis,buthoweverunscientificthismaysound,itismorelikelythatagoodmanagerisbornratherthantrained.Hehassomenaturalabilitytorecognizewhatpeoplearelikelytodo,whatabilitiestheyhave,andotherthingslikethat.Realizingthis,andthenapplyingwhathehaslearnedabouthumanbehavior,iswhatmakessomeoneagoodmanager.

Sobehavioralmanagementismanagementbasedonanassessmentofanindividualandtheapplicationofwhatisknownabouthowpeopleingeneraltendtobehave.Likescientificmanagement,itisundoubtedlyuseful,butnot,thecompleteanswer.

Whatdidthespeakertalkaboutlasttime?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewomaninthedialogue?

A.Reporterandfashiondesigner.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Shopassistantandcustomer.

D.Teacherandstudent.

3.StudyinginanEnglish-speakingcountryisaveryeffectivewaytolearnEnglish.

A.TrueB.Fasle

4.PeopleintheCaucasusMountainsnotonlylivelongbutalsohaveagoodphysicalcondition.

A.RightB.Wrong

5.HowmanypeopledependonlocalriceandfoodinSouthAsiacurrently?

A.Morethan150millionpeople.

B.Lessthan150millionpeople.

C.About100millionpeople.

D.About120millionpeople.

6.听力原文：Normallyastudentmustparticipateinacertainnumberofcoursesinordertograduate，andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhemaycounttowardsadegree．InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotalworkforadegreeismadeupofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforonesemester．Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks；whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecoursesduringeachsemester．Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryearsattendingtwosemesterseachyear．Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofworkforthedegreeoveralongerperiod．Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomovebetweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecourse，thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasaregularpractice．

Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade．whichisrecorded，andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers．Allthisimposesaconstantpressureandstrainofwork，butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtimeforgreatactivityinstudentaffairs．Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm．Theeffectiveworkofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities．Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebrokentherules，forexample，bycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt．Withtheenormousnumbersofstudents，theoperationofthesystemdoesincludeacertainamountofactivity．Astudentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismuchrespectedanditwillbeofbenefittohimlaterinhiscareer．

What'sthemainobjectiveofastudentwhoattendsacertainnumberofcourses?

A.Tograduateandobtainadegree.

B.Tolearnsomethingheisinterestedin.

C.Toavoidworking.

D.Toobeyhisparents'order.

7.Wanghaslittleknowledgeofthephoneticprocessingsystem.

A.RightB.Wrong

8.听力原文：Inthefieldofmarketing，consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased．Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods．Twolessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods．

Peopledonotspendmuchtimeshoppingforconvenienceitemssuchasgroceries，newspapers，toothpaste，razorblades，aspirin，andcandy．Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinely，assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek．Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples．Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse，forexample，someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday．Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems．

Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch．Theycompareprices，quality，andstyles，andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingdecisions．Buyinganautomobileisoftendonethisway．

Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses：thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent．Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances，televisionsets，andautomobiles．Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired，thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice．Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothing，furniture，anddishes．Quality，style.andfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverprice，ortheywillnotmatteratall．

Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem．Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct．Normally，specialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics．

Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout．Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer'sattention．Theproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketoritmaybeafairlystandardservice．suchaslifeinsurance．forwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershopping．

Accordingtothespeaker，whatareconveniencegoods?

A.Commoditiesthatpeopleareinconstantneedof．

B.Goodsthatareconvenienttouseorpurchase．

C.Itemsthatpeopletendtobuyunderimpulse．

D.Itemsthathavetobeboughtonceaweek．

9.听力原文：DuringtheChristmasshoppingrushinLondon，theintriguingstorywasreportedofatrampwho，apparentlythroughnofaultofhisown，foundhimselflockedinawell-knownchainstorelateonChristmasEve．Nodoubtthestorewasfilledwithlast-minuteChristmasshoppersandthestaffweredeadbeatingandlongingtogethome．Presumablyallthepropersecuritychecksweremadebeforethestorewaslockedandtheylefttoenjoythethree-dayholidayuntroubledbycustomersdesperatetogetlast-minuteChristmaspresents．

Howeverthatmaybe，ourtrampfoundhimselfaloneinthestoreanddecidedtomakethebestofit．Therewasfood，drink，beddingandcampingequipment，ofwhichhemadegooduse．Theremustalsohavebeentelevisionsetsandradios．Thoughitwasnotreportedifhetookadvantageofthesefacilities，whentheshopre-opened．hewasdiscoveredinbedwithalargenumberofemptybottlesbesidehim．Heseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumourandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare．EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas，sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame．Hesubmitted，cheerfullyenough，tobeingtakenawaybythepolice．PerhapshehadabetterChristmasthanusual．Hewasputintoprisonforsevendays．Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed．Theyhad，inhisopinion，alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision．PerhapsthejudgehadagoodChristmastoo．

Thetrampwaslockedinthestore______.

A.forhisownmistakes

B.duetoamisunderstanding

C.byaccident

D.throughanerrorofjudgment

10.PartB

Directions:Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.

听力原文：W:Jim,thankgoodnessyou'vearrived.Theclasspresentationstartedhalfanhourago,andIwasjustbeginningtopanic.

M:I'msorryforbeinglate,Alice.Thismorninghasbeenarealmess.Ididn'tthinkIwasgoingtomakeithereatall.

W:Whyareyoulate?Ourpresentationdependsonthosegraphsyouareholding.

M:Yes,Iknow.I'lltellyouaboutitlater.First,let'sseehowwearedoingfortime.Twogroupsarestillaheadofus,aren'tthey?Thepresentationsontherightsoftheconsumerandtheanalysisofthestockmarket.ThatmeansI'vegottwentyminutestosortout.

W:Youlookcold.Whathappened?

M:I'vebeenstandingoutsideinarctictemperaturesforoveranhourwaitingforabus.

W:Overanhour?ButIthoughtyourapartmentwasonlyatenminutebusridetocampus.

M:Innormalconditions,butthebuswasdelayedbecauseoftheweather,andwhenIstoppedinadrugstoretocallhomeforaride,thebuswentby.Asluckwouldhaveittherewasnooneathome,soIhadtowaitanotherforty-fiveminutesforthenextbus.

W:That'sMurphy'sLaw,isn'tit?Whatdiditsay?Ifanythingcangowrong,itwill.Well,we'vestillgottwentyminutestogetourwitstogether.

Whatisthewoman'stoneofvoicewhenshefirstseestheman?

A.Frustrated.B.Relieved.C.Sarcastic.D.Apologetic.

11.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Givingupsmoking.

B.Keepingfit.

C.Doingexercises.

D.Eatingsweets.

12.The"feltimage"ismuchmoreimportantbecauseithelpsyoutobemoreconfident.

A.RightB.Wrong

13.WhatdidFranklinsetupbetweenthenorthernandsoutherncolonies?

14.Astrokevictimcanputglovesonbothhishands.

A.RightB.Wrong

15.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

听力原文：Imagineyouareahighschoolprincipal.Ateacherburstsbreathlesslyin-toyouroffice."There'safistfightinthedining-room,"shegasps.Theresponsibilityisyourstostopthefight.Howdoyoumeetit?

(1)Perhapsyou,asayoungster,tookpartinfightsandyourpresent-daytieswithstudentsarewarmandstrong.Youcanstopthefightbecauseyourprestigeishighamongthem.

(2)Youhaveaplanprepared.Otherschoolshavebeendisruptedsoyouhavealreadyplannedawaytostopanyfight.

(3)Youaretotallyconfidentofyourabilityinacrisis.Youarereadytostrideintothelunchroomandtakechargewithoutasinglequalm.Stoppingthefightwillbeeasy.

(4)Youferventlywishthatyoucoulddelegatethejobsinceyouknowthatyou'renotatalentedpeacemaker.Youwishyoucouldreturntothejobofplanningfortheschool'sneedtenyearshence.

Oneofthesefourreactionswouldbethefirstyou'dfeel,butonlyone—nottwoorthreeofthem,saythreepsychologists.Thesepsychologists—Dr.HarrietMann,Dr.HumphreyOsmondandMiriamSiegler—havecomeupwithaschemeforsortingpeopleregardlessoftheireducation,ageorsituation.

Theconceptisbasedonthepremisethatallpeoplehaveabasicwayofseeingtime.Eachofusispredisposedtoseealleventsfromtimevantagepoint.Eitheritremindsyouofthepast(past-oriented),howtheeventfitsintotoday,yesterday,andtomorrow(timeline),whatitistoday(present),orhowitwilldevelop(future).

Thethreebeganworkingin1968whenDr.MannandMrs.SieglerwereassistantstoDr.Osmond,director,attheBureauofResearch,NewJerseyNeuro-PsychiatricInstituteinPrinceton.Dr.OsmondiscurrentlydevisingwaystomakeempiricalstudiesofthetheoryandDr.MannisinCambridge,Massachusetts,writingabookontheWorldsofTime.Theirtake-offpointwasaninterestinobservationsmadebySwisspsychologistCarlGustavJung,whodescribedinthe1920sthetemperamentaldifferencesoffourpsychologicaltypes.Jungisknownasthefounderofanalyticpsychology.SinceJung'sworkin1921.however,noonehadconceivedofatheoreticalframeworkthatwouldaccountforthefourtypes.Withoutsuchaframework,therewasnopossibilityofsubstantiatingthatpeopleofdifferenttypesexperiencetheworldverydifferently.

Timeandspacearethetouchstonesinthesystem.Eachperson,afterall,useshistimesomehowandexistswithinandactsuponthespacearoundhim.Dr.Mann,andcompanyproposethatcertaintraitsaresharedbypersonsfallingineachofthefourcategories.

Thefirsttype,thepasttype,seestimeasbeingcircular.Forhim,thepastcropsupinthepresentandthenreturnstothepastasamemory.Heenjoyscollectingsouvenirsandkeepingdiaries.HetellsstoriesaboutGreatAuntHattieandalwaysremembersyourbirthday.

Pasttypesarepeggedbythissystemasemotionalpeoplewhoseetheworldinahighlysubjectiveway.Forinstance,SchoolPrincipalI(pasttype)couldidentifywiththefightandknowhowtohandleitbecauseofsomepastexperience—whetheritbesimilarfightsasachildhimselforonespreviouslydealtwithastheschoolprincipal.Inaddition,pasttypesusuallyfollowstrictmoralcodesandoftenarevaluedmoreforwhattheyarethanforwhattheydo.Thisqualityitself—becauseitlendsauthoritarianstrengthtoonewhopossessesit—mightcausethestudentstoquitfighting.Pasttypesoftenhavebeenfoundtobeskillfulatassessingtheexactemotionaltenorofaneventan

二、2.UseofEnglish(10题)16.

【C11】

17.

【C17】

18.(34)

19.(47)

20.

【C16】

21.

【C10】

22.(41)

23.(42)

24.(35)

25."Down-to-earth"meanssomeoneorsomethingthatishonest,realisticandeasytodealwith.Itisapleasuretofind【31】______whoisdown-to-earth.Apersonwhoisdown-to-earthiseasytotalk【32】______andacceptsotherpeopleasequals.Adown-to-earthpersonisjustthe【33】______ofsomeonewhoactsimportantorproud.

Down-to-earthpersonsmaybe【34】______membersofsociety,ofcourse.Buttheydonotlettheirimportance"【35】______totheirheads".Theydonotconsiderthemselvestobebetterpersonsthan【36】______oflessimportance.Someonewhoisfilledwithhisownimportanceandpride,【37】______withoutcause,issaidtohave"hisnoseintheair".Thereis【38】______wayapersonwithhisnoseintheaircanbedown-to-earth.

Americans【39】______anotherexpressionthatmeansalmostthesameas"down-to-earth".Theexpressionis"both-feet-on-the-ground".Someone【40】______both-feet-on-the-groundisapersonwithagoodunderstanding【41】______reality.Hehaswhatiscalled"commonsense,"hemayhavedreams,【42】______hedoesnotallowthemtoblockhisknowledgeof【43】______isreal.

Theoppositekindof【44】______isonewhohashis"head-in-the-clouds".Amanwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer【45】______mindisnotintherealworld.

【46】______,suchadreamercanbebroughtbacktoearth.Sharpwordsfromteachercanusually【47】______aday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.

Usually,thepersonwhoisdown-to-earthisvery【48】______tohavebothfeetontheground.【49】______wehavebothourfeetontheground,whenwearedown-to-earth,weacthonestlyandopenly【50】______others.Ourlivesarelikethegroundbelowus,solidandstrong.

(31)

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15题)26.(69)

27.

______mayaffectthedownstreamwaterqualityandhaveanimpactonplantlife?

28.(75)

29.

Accordingtothispassage,whatisthemostexpensiveresourceinacorporation?

A.Product.

B.Humanresource.

C.Rawmaterials.

D.Clientsofthecorporation.

30.

WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofSuperstuff?

A.Itliesinresearch.

B.Itliesininvestment.

C.Itliesininnovation.

D.Itliesinapplication.

31.TheVillageGreeninNewMilford,Connecticut,isasnapshotofNewEnglandcharm:acarefullymanicuredlawnflandedbyscrupulouslymaintainedcolonialhomes.Babysittersdandlekidsinthewoodengazebo,waitingforcommuterparentstoreturnfromNewYork.OnalazyafternoonlastweekCarolineNicholas,16,hadnothingmorepressingtodothandrinkintheearly-summersunshineanddiscusstherecenteventsintown."Idon'tthinkalotofolderpeopleknewtherewereunhappykidsinNewMilford,"shesaid,"Icouldseeitcorning."

Inafive-dayperiodinearlyJuneeightgirlswerebroughttoNewMilfordHospitalafterwhathospitalofficialscallsuicidalgestures.Thegirls,allbetween12and17,triedavarietyofmeasures,includingheavydosesofalcohol,o-ver-the-countermedicinesandcutsorscratchestotheirwrists.Nonewassuccessful,andmostdidn'trequirehospitalization;butatleasttwoattempts,accordingtothehospital,couldhavebeenvital.Theirreasonsseemedasmundaneastheotherhappen-stancesofsuburbanlife."Iwasjustsickofitall,"Onetoldareporter,"Everythinginlife."Mostalarming,emergency-roomdoctorFrederickLohsetoldalocalreporterthatseveralgirlssaidtheywerepartofasuicidepact.Thehospitallaterbackedawayfromthisremark.Butcominginthewakeofatleastsixteensuicideattemptsoverthepreviousfewmonths,thissuddencluster—alongwiththeinfluxofmedia—hassetthiswell-groomedsuburbof23,000onedge.AtatownmeetinglastWednesdaynight,DrSimonSobo,chiefofpsychiatryatthehospital,toldmorethan200parentsandkids,"We'retalkingaboutacrisisthathasreallygottenoutofhand."Laterheadded,"TherehavebeenmoresuicideattemptsthisspringthanIhaveseeninthe13yearsIhavebeenhere."

Sobosaidthatthegirlshetreateddidn'thaveseriousproblemsathomeorschool."Manyofthesewerepopularkids,"hesaid,"Theygotplentyoflove,butbeneaththereassuringsigns,aswathofteensherearenotmakingit."Somesaythatdrugs,bothpotand'realdrugs',arecommonplace.KidshaveshownupwithLIFESUCKSandLONGLIVEDEATHpennedontheirarms.Afewgirlscasuallydisplayscarsontheirarmswheretheycutthemselves."You'dbesurprisedhowmanykidstrysuicide,"saidonegirl,17."Youdon'twanttoputpainonotherpeople;youputitonyourself."Shesaidsheusedtocutherself"justtoreleasethepain".

Emily,15,afriendofthreeofthegirlstreatedinJune,saidonewashavingfamilyproblems,onewas"upsetthatday"andthethirdwas"justupsetwitheverythingelsegoingon".Shesaidtheyweren'treallytryingtokillthemselves—theyjustneededconcern.AsSobonoted,"What'sgoingoninNewMilfordisnotuniquetoNewMilford."Thesameunderlyingcultureofdespaircouldbefoundinanytown.Butteensuicide,headded,canbea"contagion".RightnowNewMilfordhasthebug—andhasitbad.

Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

A.EightgirlscommittedsuicideinNewMilford.

B.ThevillageGreenisnotacharmingplace.

C.Teenagersuicide.

D.Dr.SimonSobo'sachievements.

32.PartB

Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions66-70,choosethemostsuitableparagraphfromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicageingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK'scurrentnumberof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbornintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.

66.______

Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.

Decreasingmortalityrates,increasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsrequiredforEuropeanpopulationstobeabletoreplacethemselveswithoutsubstantiveimmigration.Butagain,ratherthanseeingthisasadoomandgloomscenario,weneedtoexplorethepositiveaspectsofthesedemographics.Thenext50yearsshouldprovideuswithanopportunitytoenjoythemanyadvantagesofasocietywithamaturepopulationstructure.

67.______

ThefirstoftheseisthecurrentpoliticalrhetoricwhichclaimsthathealthservicesacrosstheWesternworldarecollapsingunderthestrainofdemographicageing.

68.______

Thesecondmythistheviewthattheratioofworkerstonon-workerswillbecomesoacutethatWesterneconomieswillcollapse,compoundedbyamassivegrowthinpensiondebt.Whilethereareundoubtedconcernsovercurrentpensionshortfalls,itisalsoclearthatworkingliveswillthemselveschangeoverthenextfewdecades,withapredictedincreaseinflexibleandpart-timeworkandtheprobableextensionofworkinglifeuntiltheageof70.Indeed,wehavetorecognizethatwecannotexpecttoretireattheageof50andthenbeabletosupportourselvesforanother40orsoyears.Neitherasolidpensionschemenorsavingscancarrypeoplethatlong.

69.______

Afurthermythisthatwewillallliveinloose,multigenerationalfamilies,experiencingincreasedemotionaldistancingfromourkin.Evidencefromavarietyofstudiesacrossthedevelopedworldsuggeststhat,ifanything,themodernfamilyisactuallybecomingmoreclose-knit.WorkcarriedoutbytheOxfordInstituteinScandinaviaandinaPan-EuropeanFamilyCareStudy,forexample,showsthatdespitedieinfluenceofthewelfarestate,overthepast10years,peoplehavecometovaluefamilyrelationshipsmorethanpreviously.

70.______

Inthedevelopedworld,therefore,wecanseeactualbenefitsfrompopulationageing:abetterbalancebetweenagegroups,matureandlessvolatiles

33.

WhatisNOTtrueabouttheeightgirls?

A.Theyareallbetween12and17.

B.Theyhavetriedavarietyofmeasures.

C.Theyattendasuicidesquad.

D.Alltheirattemptstocommitsuicidearevital.

34.(67)

35.(80)

36.

Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat______.

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtravelledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

37.

Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor______.

A.didn'tlikeRaoul'swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn'trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn'tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyinthemorning

D.didn'tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

38.Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacentury-longstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter;theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen'sneedsandabilities,andemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWar,forexample,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacate