ABI+亚洲5G生态系统回顾、采用情况和工业使用案例

REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,

ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIAL

USECASESINASIA

______________________________

AreqorttorDSIT

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVESUMMARY 4

5GDEPLOYMENTSANDACTIVITY 6

INTRODUCTION 6

KEY5GTECHNOLOGIESANDSOLUTIONS 7

5GCAPABILITIESFORENTERPRISEVERTICALS 8

AUSTRALIA 10

CHINA 15

INDIA 21

JAPAN 25

SINGAPORE 30

SOUTHKOREA 34

THAILAND 39

VIETNAM 43

SUMMARYCONCLUSIONS 46

SOURCES 47

5GTOBUSECASE:MANUFACTURING 49

OVERVIEW 49

USECASES 49

REAL-TIMEDATAANALYTICS 50

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 51

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 54

KEYTAKEAWAYS 56

SOURCES 56

5GTOBVERTICALS—LOGISTICS 57

OVERVIEW 57

KEYUSECASES 57

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 58

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 59

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 60

KEYTAKEAWAYS 62

SOURCES 62

5GTOBVERTICALS—TRANSPORTATION 63

OVERVIEW 63

KEYUSECASES 63

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 64

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 65

5GANDVEHICLE-TO-EVERYTHINGDEPLOYMENT 66

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 69

KEYTAKEAWAYS 70

SOURCES 70

5GTOBVERTICALS—HEALTHCARE 71

OVERVIEW 71

KEYUSECASES 71

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 72

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 73

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 75

KEYTAKEAWAYS 76

SOURCES 76

5GTOBVERTICALS—MEDIA&ENTERTAINMENT 77

OVERVIEW 77

KEYUSECASES 77

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 78

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 79

UHDVIDEO:CHINAMEDIAGROUP(CMG)

GUANGHUAROADOFFICECASESTUDY,CHINA 80

XRMUSEUMEXPERIENCE:HUNANMUSEUM

CASESTUDY,CHINA 81

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 81

KEYTAKEAWAYS 82

SOURCES 82

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

5GTOBVERTICALS—EDUCATION 83

OVERVIEW 83

KEYUSECASES 83

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 83

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 84

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 85

KEYTAKEAWAYS 86

SOURCES 86

5GTOBVERTICALS—ENERGY 87

OVERVIEW 87

KEYUSECASES 87

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 88

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 89

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 91

KEYTAKEAWAYS 92

SOURCES 93

5GTOBVERTICALS—MINING 94

OVERVIEW 94

KEYUSECASES 94

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 95

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 96

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 97

KEYTAKEAWAYS 98

SOURCES 99

5GTOBVERTICAL—AVIATIONANDAGRICULTURE 100

OVERVIEW 100

KEYUSECASES 100

USECASEADOPTIONHOTSPOTS 101

KEYCASESTUDYEXAMPLES 102

5GROICONSIDERATIONS 104

KEYTAKEAWAYS 106

SOURCES 106

5GTOBGVAIMPACTASSESSMENT 107

OVERVIEW 107

PRODUCTIVITYASSESSMENT 107

COSTIMPACT 108

CARBONEMISSIONSASSESSMENT 109

HEALTHANDSAFETYASSESSMENT 110

SUMMARYCONCLUSIONS 111

SOURCES 111

5GTOBTOTALCOSTOFOPERATIONSANALYSIS,

2022TO2027 112

AGGRESSIVEANDCONSERVATIVETCOANALYSIS 113

BENEFITSANALYSIS—OPERATIONALCOSTSAVINGS

RETURNSONTCOINVESTMENT 116

5GTOBTCOACROSSINDUSTRIES 118

SOURCES 118

U.K.INDUSTRIES5GTOBANALYSISAND

RECOMMENDATIONS 119

OVERVIEW 119

U.K.TELECOMMUNICATIONSSECTOR 119

PRIVATENETWORKSPECTRUM 120

COMPARISONWITHASIA-PACIFICMARKET

SPECTRUMALLOCATIONS 120

POPULATIONCOVERAGE 121

5GRANINFRASTRUCTURE 121

5GCNETWORK 121

OPERATIONSSUPPORTSYSTEMAND

BUSINESSSUPPORTSYSTEM 122

MECANDCLOUDCOMPUTING 123

U.K.INDUSTRIES 125

KEYTAKEAWAYS 126

SOURCES 127

APPENDICES 128

METHODOLOGIES 128

APPLIEDEXCHANGERATES 129

SAMPLETCOBREAKOUTFOR

SMARTMANUFACTURING 130

GLOSSARY 132

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,

ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

AreqorttorDSIT

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

5Gisthenextstepinmeetingthegrowingdemandforincreaseddatathroughput,enhancedsignalreliability,bettercoverage,andimprovednetworkefficiencies.5Gisalsocapableofsupportingenterprise-gradeapplications,suchasenablingautonomousoperations,MachineVision(MV)withArtificialIntelligence(AI)supportfromthecloud,real-timeanalysisofInternetofThings(IoT)connectionsatscale,etc.AsofJuly2022,ABIResearchfoundthatoutofeightAsiancountriesstudied,fiveofthemhaveachievedover50%of5Gpopulationcoverage.Comparedto2020,onlyChinaandSouthKoreaopenlyannouncedhavingachievedacertainlevelof5Gpopulationcoverage.Consequently,thenumberofpubliclyannounced5Genterprisedeploymentshasincreasedby114%acrosstheeightcountriesstudiedduringthisperiod.

JakeSaunders

VicePresident,Verticals/

EndMarkets

Table1:Key5GStatisticsSummarybyCountryinJuly2022

(Source:ABIResearch)

VARIABLES

AUSTRALIA

CHINA

INDIA*

JAPAN

SINGAPORE

SOUTHKOREA

THAILAND

VIETNAM

5GPopulationCoverage

75%to85%

87%

0%

30%to35%

95%

90%

77%

0%

AssignedSpectrum

850/900MHz,3.6GHz,

26GHz

700MHz,

2.5GHz,

3.5GHz,4.8GHz

700MHz,

800MHz,

900MHz,

1.8GHz,

2.1GHz,

2.5GHz,

3.3GHz,

26GHz

3.7GHz,

4.5GHz,

28GHz

2.1GHz,

3.5GHz,26&28GHz

3.4GHz,

3.5GHz,

3.6GHz,

28GHz

700MHz,

2.6GHz,

26GHz

Notyet

awarded

5GSubscriptions(million)

4.5

899.3

0

27

0.7

23

2.2

0

TotalARPU(GBP)

85.5

19.1

6.17

46

45.52

45.96

16.35

9.17

5GBTSDeployments

>4,000

1,850,000

0

>87,000

1,100

>215000

<17,244

350

AverageDataThroughput(5G)

209Mbps

300Mbps

Notapplicable

158.5Mbps

246Mbps

425Mbps

109Mbps

Notapplicable

No.ofBusinessesinCountry

(millions)

2.51

>150

21.8

5.27

0.562

6.3

>3.14

0.761

No.of5GCaseStudies

21

83

0

24

4

17

5

0

NetNeutralityStatus

NotEnforced

NotEnforced

Enforced

Enforced

Enforced

Enforced

NotEnforced

NotEnforced

*Note:Updatedtoreflecttheresultsofthe5GspectrumauctionthatconcludedinAugust2022.

Countriesthathavestrong5Genterprisedeploymentshavehadverystrongtop-downsupportfromgovernmentpolicies.Thishasbeendoneinnumerousways,generallyintheformoflowerbarrierstoentryofacquiringspectrum,governmentsubsidiesfor5Genterprisedeployments,government-led5Genterprisetestbedsandtrialswithenterprises,anda5Gpolicyplanwithclearlydefinedtargets.

Throughthestudyof1545GenterprisedeploymentsinAsia,ABIResearchfoundthat5Gnetworkshaveshowntoimproveproductivityforenterprisesbyincreasingaveragetaskproductivitybetween52%and245%.5Gwasalsoshowntoreducecostsforenterprisesofbetween10%and90%.Thisstudywasdoneacrosseightmainverticalsandanadditional“other”vertical.Theeightmainverticalsaremanufacturing,

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

logistics,transportation,healthcare,media&entertainment,education,energy,andmining.The“other”verticalincludesananalysisofverticalsthataremorenascentandniche,suchasaviation.Manufacturingwasthemostpopulardeploymentfor5G,with5Gbeingabletoenableavarietyofusecases,suchasAugmentedReality(AR)/VirtualReality(VR),autonomousrobotslikeAutomatedGuidedVehicles(AGVs)andAutonomousMobileRobots(AMRs),real-timedataanalytics,MV,andmore.Theseusecasesutilizedthecapabilitiesof5Ginprovidinglowlatencyforreal-timeroboticcontrolandfeedbackloopstoenableautonomousoperations,gigabytebandwidthstoprocessHigh-Definition(HD)imagesforbetterAI-basedqualitychecks,andtheabilitytoconnectamassiveamountofsensordatathatallowforthebuildingofdigitaltwinsandmoreaccuratepredictivemaintenance.Beyondmanufacturing,remotelyoperatedandsemi-autonomouscraneswereabletosignificantlyimpactproductivityinports,miningfacilities,warehouses,andfactories,wheremovingandtransportingheavyandhazardousmaterialswerecoreoperationalneeds.MValsohasavarietyofapplications,fromAI-basedequipmentinspectiontodroneandARHead-MountedDisplay(HMD)surveillance,inverticalsliketransportation,energy,logistics,manufacturing,andmining.

Toenablethese5Gusecases,ABIResearchestimatesthecostforatypical5GprivatenetworkdeploymenttobebetweenGBP335,000andGBP533,000overa5-yearperiod,withbetween54%and58%oftheTotalCostofOwnership(TCO)drivenbyCapitalExpenditure(CAPEX).Theaboveanalysisfindsthatdeployinga5GprivatenetworkinanenterprisewithoutusecasescancostbetweenGBP13andGBP21perSquareMetre(m2)overa5-yearperiod,afterconsideringsystemintegrationandreplacementcosts,aswellasOperationalExpenditure(OPEX)andCAPEX.Beyondproductivitygainsandcostsavings,5Genterprisedeploymentswerealsoshowntoreducecarbonemissionsbyimprovingfuelefficiencybyenablingautonomouscapabilities,andimprovingefficiencyofequipmentthroughdataanalytics.Accidentratesacrossmultipleverticals,includingmining,transportation,andmanufacturing,werealsodecreasedduetotheabilityof5GpairedwithAItoidentifypotentialhazardsandemployremoteoperationstocreateasaferworkingenvironment.

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

5GDEPLOYMENTSANDACTIVITY

INTRODUCTION

Wirelesscommunicationstechnologiesareacriticaldriverfordigitaltransformationandarequicklychangingthedigitallandscapeofregionsthroughouttheworld.In4Q2021,therewereanestimated8.2billionglobalmobilesubscriptions.ABIResearch’sstudyof30keycountriesrevealedAsia-Pacifictobethelargestmarketintheworldforwirelessmobiletechnologyand5G,accountingformorethanhalfoftheglobalmobilemarketandaround87%oftheglobal5Gmarketin2021.Inthisrespect,5GsubscriptionsinAsia-Pacifichavebeengrowingrapidlywithanestimated571millionsubscriptionsin2021.Chinaisthelargestmarketintheregion,accountingfor91%ofthetotalAsia-PacificmarketanditisexpectedtogrowataCompoundAnnualGrowthRate(CAGR)of11%from2022to2027.

5GstandardizationwascompletedinThe3rdGenerationPartnershipProject(3GPP)Release15,whichprovidedafullsetofstandardstoNon-Standalone(NSA)5Gradiosystems(i.e.,5GthatusesaLongTermEvolution(LTE)network,oftenthefirstphasein5Gdeployment)andStandalone(SA)5Gradiosystems(i.e.,fully5GnetworkthatnolongerreliesontheLTEnetwork).Inthisrespect,theguidanceof3GPPstandardizationhassupportedtherapiddeploymentof5Gwirelesstechnologies.Localgovernmentregulatoryframeworkshavealsoplayedamajorroleininfluencingtheadoptionof5GinAsia-Pacific,asthesepoliciesgovernthedomesticstandardsforspectrumallocationandcreatinginvestmentopportunitiesfor5Gdevelopment.Withmorecountriesintheregionadopting5G,anincreasingnumberofusecasesindifferentverticalsarecomingoutofAsia-Pacific,whichshowsthevalueforboththeconsumerandbusinesssegments.Tothisend,5GhasbeenidentifiedbymanyAsia-PacificcountriesasacriticaltechnologyforIndustry4.0transformationandunlockingeconomicopportunitiesinanincreasinglyconnectedworld.

CommunicationServiceProviders(CSPs)foreachcountryoperateinboththeconsumerandenterprisesegments.In2018,theconsumersegment,whichconsistsofmobilebillingandmobilenetworkcontractsforendusers,makesupmostoftherevenueforAsia-PacificCSPs,accountingforanywherebetween50%and95%oftotalrevenue.Enterpriseasashareofoperatorrevenuegenerallyaccountsforanywherebetween5%and50%,witha30%average,andwiththemajoritycomingfromtraditionalcommunications,suchasfixedandmobileconnectivity.Whileenterpriserevenueisgenerallysmallerincomparisontoconsumerrevenue,thisismoresoareflectionofrunningalargeconsumermobilebusiness,ratherthanhavingasmallpresenceintheenterprisemarket.Withtheadoptionof5Genterpriseapplications,ABIResearchexpectsenterpriserevenuetosignificantlyincreaseoverthenextfewyears.FactorsdrivingthesechangesincludedecliningconsumerAverageRevenuePerUser(ARPU)inthesector,increasingdemandforlow-latencyhigh-capacitynetworkcapabilities,andincreasingdigitaltransformationopportunitiesinvariousindustries.

Astheenterprisesegmentslowlygrows,ithasdriventheadoptionofnewbusinessmodels.Specifically,newgrowthareasthatfocusonservicesbeyondtraditionalcommunications,suchastheIoT,cloud,security,anddataanalytics,havebeencriticalindrivingsegmentadoptionofdedicatedsubsidiaries,verticalsubsidiaries,andjointventuresinordertobetterserveenterpriserequirements.Withtheadventof5G,CSPswillincreasetheirabilitiestoserviceenterprisesthrough5GSAnetworks,slicing,edge,andspectrum,andwillbeabletogeneratemorerevenueopportunities.Verticalspecializationof5GandIoTtechnologiesisakeypieceforunlockinghigh-growthenterpriseopportunitiesandpotential.

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

KEY5GTECHNOLOGIESANDSOLUTIONS

5Gwirelesstechnologiesarethenextstepinmeetingthegrowingdemandforincreaseddatathroughput,enhancedsignalreliability,bettercoverage,andimprovednetworkefficiencies.Mostnotably,5Gbringsforwardmoreversatileconnectivityscenariosrelativetopreviousnetworkgenerations.Thisincreasedversatilityallowsforconnectivityscenariosthatcangobeyondtheenduserandcanmakeameaningfulbusinessimpactonmultipleindustryverticals.

Thefactoryfloor,forexample,standstogainconsiderablevaluefrom5G.Theneedformoreadaptiveandagileprocessesrequiresashifttonetworksthatcanprovidehigherdataratesandlowerlatencies,andcansupportubiquitousconnectivitytomoredevicesandmachines.

DistinctConnectivityScenariosof5G

TheInternationalTelecommunicationsUnion(ITU)hasestablishedthreemain5Gconnectivityscenariosthatcansatisfyadiversescopeofusecasesandspecificcommunicationrequirementsofconsumersandenterprises.ThesethreescenariosareEnhancedMobileBroadband(eMBB),Ultra-ReliableLowLatencyCommunications(URLLC),andMassiveMachine-TypeCommunications(mMTC).

Figure1:KeyFeaturesof5G

(Source:UniversityofLimerick)

EnhancedMobileBroadband

eMBBfocusesonthedata-drivenusecasesthatrequirehighratesofdataacrossalargecoverageareabymobiledevices,includingsmartphones,wearables,tablets,laptops,mobilebroadbanddevices,andmore.eMBBwouldenabledata-intensiveapplications,suchas4K/8KUltraHigh-Definition(UHD)videos,AR/VR,cloudgaming,andenhancedmobilemedia.

InearlyNSA5Gdeployments,eMBBbuildsontheestablishedLong-TermEvolution(LTE)standardsandtechnologytoprovidehigher-capacitycommunicationstocatertodensely-populatedindoorandoutdoorareas,enhancedall-inclusiveconnectivity(especiallytoruralareas),andimprovedconnectivityinmobilescenarios.IMT-2020minimumtechnicalperformancerequirementsstatethateMBBmust

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

supportacapacityof10Megabitspersecond(Mbps)perm2;downlinkanduplinkof10GigabitsperSecond(Gbps);anddataexchangelatencyof4Milliseconds(ms).TheadventofeMBBserviceswouldfurtherincreasethedemandandconsumptionofmobiledata.OverthecourseofABIResearch’sforecastsacross30countries,mobiledatatrafficisanticipatedtogrowtoaround2,560exabytesby2025.5Gmobilesubscribersareestimatedtogrowto2.1billionby2025andaccountfor48%ofthetotaltrafficgeneratedin2025.

Operatorsaroundtheworldhavealreadybeenmakinglargestridesinrollingouttheirrespective5Gnetworks.5Gnetworkshavebeendeployedin378citiesacross34countries.Emergingmarketsarealsoexhibitingasimilarpacetowards5Gwhencomparedtodevelopedcountries,withregulatorspushingforacceleratedspectrumauctions,initiatingcoveragecommitmentsfromMobileServiceProviders(MSPs),andencouragingnetworkinfrastructuresharing.TheseinitialNSA5Gnetworksare,however,mainlyfocusedondeliveringeMBBservicestoconsumerendmarkets.

5GCAPABILITIESFORENTERPRISEVERTICALS

Thetransformationalfeaturesof5GthatcanimpacttheconnectivityscenariosofenterpriseverticalsaremMTCandURLLC.Thesetwofeaturesareessentialforthewireless,deterministic,andtime-sensitivenatureofIndustry4.0processesthatincludepredictivemaintenance,autonomousrobotics,andstreamlinedproductlifecyclemanagement.

MassiveMachineTypeCommunication

mMTCplaysavitalroleinprovidingcheapandstableconnectivitytoanexponentiallylargernumber(millions,potentiallybillions)ofsmallNarrowbandInternetofThings(NB-IoT)devicesandsensorsacrossawiderangethatdonottransmitalargeamountofdatatraffic,withoutoverloadingthenetwork.Thesedevicesandmodulesincludesensorsthathelpmonitorvariousperformancemetricsfromanobject,machine,person,orenvironmenttohelpautomatesystems,andimprovedatacollectionandprocessefficiencywithinanindustry.

ThehighdevicedensityobjectiveofmMTCcanbeseeninIMT-20205Gstandards,withaminimumrequirementforconnectiondensitybeing1,000,000devicesperSquareKilometre(km2).mMTCapplicationswillprovideincreasedrevenueopportunitiesbyunlockingnewbusinessmodels(as-a-Service),enhancingefficiency(therebyincreasingproductivityandexpeditingtimetomarket),andbyreducingcoststhroughstreamlinedprocessesenabledbyautomateddatacollectionandinstantaneousdecision-making(pertainingtomaintenance,healthcarediagnoses,etc.).

Ultra-ReliableLow-LatencyCommunication

URLLCisarguablythekeyenablerfor5Gtosupportnearreal-timeusecasesforenterpriseverticals.URLLCservicesarecharacterizedbyrobustreliability(<1packetlossin10⁵packets;99.999%)andlatencyrates(theEnd-to-End(E2E)waitingtimefromthemomentthedatapacketisgeneratedtowhenitisreceivedatitsintendeddestination)of1ms.

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

URLLClow-latencyandhigh-reliabilitycapabilitiesprovideafirmfoundationtocreatevalueinenterpriseverticals,suchasmanufacturing,healthcare,transport,andenergy.Specificusecasesincludetheconnectedvehicle(includingcarplatooningandcaravoidance),human-robotcollaboration,CollaborativeRobotics(cobots),andsmartARglasses.Indeed,theautomotiveandmanufacturingsectorsaresettobeprimeverticalsfor5GURLLCgiventheirstringentconnectivityrequirements.ABIResearchforecaststhatthetransportandmanufacturingmarketsareprojectedtobewortharoundGBP14.59billion(US$17.9billion)by2028.

PrivateCellular

Whilethereareseveralwirelessconnectivitytechnologiesthatcanfulfilenterpriserequirements,theseoftenresultintheenterpriseITdepartmenthavingtoemployamultitudeofdifferentconnectivitysolutions,resultinginanunnecessarilyhighamountofinfrastructureinvestmentneededtodeployeachoftheseconnectivitysystems,whileinteroperabilityand,therefore,seamlesslyholisticautomationwouldnotbepossible.

PrivateLTEand5Garetakingthecarrier-gradenatureofthesecellulargenerationstoprivatedeploymentsinanon-premisesenvironment,wheretheyprovidemorefunctionality,robustness,andlowlatencycomparedtootherwirelesstechnologies,suchasWi-Fi.Forexample,therehavebeenseveralsuccessstoriesintheindustrialmanufacturingenvironment.Withalatencyofaround50ms,privateLTEconnectivitysolutionscanbeusedtoprovidemobilecontrolpanelsfor30%ofproductionmachinesonatypicalfactoryfloor,duetoexternalsecurityregulations(specifiedinInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)13850,aswellasInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)61355)regardingthelatencyincaseofanemergencystop.

5Gpresentssignificantimprovementsover4Ginthiscase:byguaranteeingsub-10mslatencieswith5Gdeployment,100%ofafactory’smachinescanbefittedwithmobilecontrolplanes,therebyofferingconsiderableefficiencyenhancementstothefactoryoperator.Furthermore,a5G-basedconnectionsystemwouldbeabletosupportmanymoreusecasesrangingfromremotecontrol,autonomousrobots/vehicles,andgigabitthroughputapplications.Moreimportantly,usingnetworkslicingcapabilities,thenetworkcandedicatedifferentslicestodifferentusecasesdependingontheirrequirements,andthereforeenablesthemtobeaddressedwithinthesamephysicalnetworkinfrastructure,minimizingtheamountofCAPEXneededtoachievecomprehensiveconnectivity.

PrivateversusPublic

While5Gprivatecellularremainsapopularcapabilityforenterprises,limitationsdoexistthatrestrictitspotentialincomparisontopublicnetworks.Chiefly,privatecellularnetworksrequirealargerinvestmentandaremoretargetedforTierOneorTierTwoenterprises,astheyrequiretheirown5GcellularinfrastructureandITteamstomaintainandoperatethem.Alongsidethis,governmentsoftenneedtoexplicitlysupportprivate5Gthroughreservingspectrumthatcanbeboughtorleasedforindependentordependentprivate5Guse.Thetrade-offforthis,however,isthatenterprisescanpreciselyallocatehigh-speednetworkresourcesforspecificcoreoperations,suchasautomation,massiveIoT,anddataanalytics,foranygivenperiodwithon-sitedataprocessing.Tothiseffect,privatecellularisareliableandsecureoptionforenterprisesthatwanttohavemorecontroloftheirnetworkresourcesandhave

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REVIEWOFTHE5GECOSYSTEM,ADOPTION,ANDINDUSTRIALUSECASESINASIA

thetalentandcapitaltoinvestinit.Whilepubliccellularnetworkscanbeutilizedbyenterprises,dataprocessingisdoneinthepubliccloudandnetworkresourcesaremanagedbythenetworkprovider.Inthisrespect,publicnetworkscanbeutilizedbyanyone,andtheoperatormustbewithinthedeploymentrangeoftheoperator-ownednetwork.Whilethesenetworksinherentlyremovetheneedforenterprisestoinvestintechnicalexpertiseandinfrastructure,thiscomesatthecostofbeingdependentonthenetworkoperator.Tothisend,enterpriseswithmorerobustcoreoperationsandnetworkrequirementswilllikelybenefitmorefroma5Gcustomizednetwork.

NetworkSlicing

A“virtualprivatenetwork”canbehostedbythepublicnetworkusingnetworkslicing,wherebyboththepublicandtheprivatenetworkcomponentsareoutsideofthedefinedenterprisepremises.Eventhoughbothtrafficflowsremaininthepublic,theyaretreatedasiftheywerepartofentirelydifferentnetworks;withthenon-publicslicebeingabletobecustomizedaccordingtotheimplementers’requirements,whilethenetworkoperationandmanagementwouldfallundertheCSP’sresponsibility.

Networkslicingisconsideredasakeytechnologyfor5Gcellularconnectivityforenterpriseverticalapplications.Networkslicingenablesenterprisestorunmultiplelogicalnetworksonacommonlyshare