太阳系行星英文简介

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Pluto冥王星DiscoveryItwaspredictedbyPercivalLowell,basedonperturbationtheory（微扰理论）,butlaterdiscoveredbyClydeTombaughin1930byafortunateaccident.*Fromitsdiscoveryin1930until2023,Plutowasclassifiedasa

planet.Inthelate1970s,followingthediscoveryofminorplanetChiron

(喀龙星）intheouterSolarSystemandtherecognitionofPluto'srelativelylowmass,itsstatusasamajorplanetbegantobequestioned.DoubtChangeInthelate20thandearly21stcenturies,whilesearchingformoreTNO,MikeBrowndiscoveredintheouterSolarSystem(太阳系）,anobjectwhichhefinallycalled:

Eris

in2023,whichis27%moremassivethanPluto.

NeveragainwillPlutobetheninthplanet,orthelittlestplanet,orthemostdistantplanet.Rename

Pluto,consideredaplanetfor76years,wasreclassifiedasadwarfplanetin2023.OnAugust24,2023,TheInternationalAstronomicalUnion(IAU),theofficiallydefinesa“dwarfplanet”(矮行星）acelestialbodythat,withintheSolarSystem.(√)hassufficientmassforitsself-gravitytoovercomedigidbodyfaces.(√)质量足够大，能依托本身引力使天体呈圆球状hasclearedtheneighbourhoodarounditsorbit.(×)Planet(definition)Although,plutomatchthefirsttwopoints,donotmatchthefinalpoint.☟☟Plutoshowsa“heart”inamostdetailedphotoyetreturnedbyNASA'sapproachingNewHorizonsprobe,whichhasnowbegunitsfinalrunforitshistoricflybyofpluto.

美国宇航局发射旳“新视野”号探测器传回旳一张冥王星清楚照片上竟有一块心形旳图案，“新视野”号当初正在最终一次历史性飞掠冥王星Ceres, Pluto, and ErisNewmemebersMeaingbelieflonelinessattitude

OthersMovieNovelAfarewelltoplutoMarsisnamedfortheRomangodofwar.

Marsisthefourthplanetfromthesuninthesolarsystem.marsEquatorialradius3398kmRotationperiod1026daysPeriodofrevolution68698

daysMarspolarcap

Polarcapsizeissignificantchangewiththeseasons

MarsatmosphericconcentrationofonlyEarth1%TheMartiandaytimetemperaturedoesnotexceed0℃Thenightminus120℃MarsExploration

“spirit”Marsprobe“opportunity”MarsprobeSpiritroverreturnphotosMountOlympus,thehighestmountaininthesolarsystem.Greatvolcanoofupto25km,radiusof624km.MarinerValleyonMars

ThetwosatellitesofMars

Phobos火卫一Deimos火卫二HumanfaceonMarsMarsColonizationJupiterJupiteristhefifthnewplantfromthesun,andisthebiggestone,theplanetthanallotherbig2timesthequalityof(theEarth318times）Suncycle:11.86yearsPlanetdiameter:142984Equateur:1.90*10^27kgOneofthebrightestobjectsinthenightssky,Jupiterhasbeenobservedsinceancienttimesandwasconnectedtothereligiousbeliefsandmythologiesofmanycultures.TheRomansnamedJupiterafterthekingoftheirgods.Jupiteristhefourth-skyobjectsTheGreatRedSpot--anenomousvoytexthesizeofEarth.theredcolorcomefromredphosphorus

TheGreatRedSpotislocatedinthesouthernhemisphereGasgiantplanetTodayweknowthatJupiterisanenormousswirlingglobe11timeswiderthanEarthand300timesmoremassive.Jupiterismostlymadeofhydrogenandheliumgas,meaningitscompositionissimilartoastar,likeourSun.GasgiantplanetslikeJupiterhavenosolidsurfacethatyoucouldstandon!HerchildrenGalileo’smoons:IoAboutthesizeofEarth’smoon,IoistheclosesttoJupiterofthefourlargemoonsGalileodiscovered.

ImageofavolcaniceruptiononIo’ssurfacetakenbytheGalileospacecraft.ColourfulIo:Blackspotsseenherearelavalakes.Whiteissulfurdioxidefrost.Yellowissulfur.Credit:NASA/JPL/UniversityofArizonaCredit:NASA/JPL/UniversityofArizonaGalileo’smoons:EuropaAlsoaboutthesizeofourMoon,EuropaisthenextlargemoonoutwardfromJupiter.Ithasacracked,icycrustandveryfewcraters,suggestingthesurfaceisnotveryold.Galileo’smoons:GanymedeGanymedeisthethirdlargemoonoutwardfromJupiter.WiderthantheplanetMercury,itisthelargestmoonintheSolarSystem.Galileo’smoons:CallistoCallisto

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