2022-2023年湖北省黄石市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）

2022-2023年湖北省黄石市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Studentsgetmoneyfromnotonlyfederalloansbutalso______.

2.

ResearchesinthewildfieldevaluatingthetwomostcommonBtcornplantsshowedthatthetoxinabsorbedwastoo______.

3.

TheAmericansfoughtfortheirindependencemainlybecauseofheavytaxesimposedbyGreatBritain.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Higher-incomehouseholdspurchasedless______RTEcerealthanlow-incomehouse-holds.

5.

Theindicationofariverthatmustflowdownateachstepfortheessayistis______.

6.

BuildingtheIceHoteleachwintertakes10,000tonsofriverice,plus30,000tonsofsnow.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Thelifeform.between3.8and2.billionyearsagowas______.

8.

Wewillhaveanotherpopulationproblemwhenpeopleget______.

9.

Somecollegesadmitless-qualifiedboystudentsovermore-qualifiedgirlsinorderto______.

A.encouragemoreboystoIvyLeagueschools

B.fightagainsttheUSCommissiononCivilRights

C.removetheimbalancebetweengenders

D.helptheboysgetbettereducation

10.InstantExpert:MentalHealth

Whentheheartbreaksdown,itbeatsirregularlyornotatall.Abonecanchiporsnap.Butwhenthecomplexnetworkofneuronsinourbrainfailstofunctionnormally,theresultcanbeanear-endlessvarietyandcombinationsofmentalillnesses.

It'snormaltosometimesbesad,happy,anxious,confused,forgetfulorfearful,butwhenaperson'semotions,thoughtsorbehavior.frequentlytroublethem,ordisrupttheirlives,theymaybesufferingfrommentalillness.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),about450millionpeopleworldwideareaffectedbymental,neurologicalorbehavioralproblemsatanytime.

However,determiningthatsomeonehasamentalillness,andwhichone,isoneofthechallengespsychiatristsface.Oneefforttocataloguetheseafflictionsisthe"psychiatrists'bible",theDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders--thelatesteditionfillsnearlyonethousandpagesandlistsover400disorders.

Diversityofdisorders

Amongthebestknownandmostcommonmentalillnessesisdepression-aprolonged,weakeningsad-ness,sometimesaccompaniedbyafeelingofhopelessnessandthoughtsofsuicide.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisatypeofdepressionthataffectssomepeopleintheautumnandwinterandistriggeredbythedisappearinghoursofdaylightandcoldertemperatures.Inbipolardisorder(双极性障碍),apersonchangesfromdepressiontoepisodesofexcessiveenthusiasmwheretheyareunrealisticallyconfidentintheirabilities.

Personalitydisordersarebehavior.patternsthataredestructivetothepersonthemselvesorthosearoundthem.Indissociativedisorders,someoneexperiencesasuddenchangeinconsciousnessortheirconceptofself.Indissociativeamnesia,forexample,theresultisalossofpartoralloftheirmemories.Samson,theBiblicalstrongman,mayhavesufferedfromtheearliestrecordedcaseofantisocialpersonalitydisorder.

Anxietydisordersarecharacterizedbypowerfulfeelingsofstressandphysicalsignsoffear-sweating,aracingheart-duetosomecueintheenvironment,orfornoobviousreasonatall.Theseincludepost-traumatic(创伤后的)stressdisorder,panicdisorder,obsessivecompulsivedisorder,angerdisorders,hypochondria,socialphobia,andotherphobiasincludingagoraphobia(openspaces),claustrophobia(smallspaces),acrophobia(heights),andarachnophobia(spiders).

Attention-deficithyperactivitydisorderisamongthemostcommonmentalillnessesdiagnosedinchildren,affectingtheirabilitytofocusandassociatedwithhighlevelsofactivityandimpulsiveness.

Eatingdisordersinvolveanunhealthyrelationshiptofood.Asuffererofanorexianervosa(神经性厌食症)willstriveforthinnesstothepointofstarvation,duetoadistortedperceptionoftheirbodiesanddissatisfactionintheirsenseofcontrol.Theyengageincyclesofgorging(feedgreedily)themselvesandthenpurgingthroughvomitingortheuseofsomedrugs.Muscledysmorphiaissometimesthoughtofasa"reverse"form.ofanorexiathataffectsbodybuilders.Sufferersconstantlyworrythattheyaretooweakdespitebeingextremelystrong.

Enormouscost

Mentalillnessesarequitecommon.Asmanyasoneinfivepeoplearethoughttosufferfrommentalillness,atleasttemporarily,eachyear.Suicide--oftentheresultofuntreatedmentalillness--claims873000livesaroundtheworldeachyear.Theeconomiccostsoftheseconditionsarealsoenormousandgrowing.AccordingtotheWHO,depressionisexpectedtoaccountformorelostyearsofhealthylifethananyotherdiseaseby2030,exceptforHIV/AIDS.

Evenso,thementallyillfacedisgraceanddiscrimination.Studiesfindpeoplearereluctanttoadmittheyhaveatmentalillness,toseekhelp,ortostickwithtreatment.Othersareeagertorejectthelabelofamental

A.irregularityofheart

B.snappedbones

C.themalfunctionoftheneuralnetworkinbrain

D.themalfunctionofthebrain

11.

Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwithcustodyandaccess,youcansolveitby______.

12.

Morethantwodecadesago,peopleshowedmuchconcernovertheethicalissuesinvolving"test-tubebabies".

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Somepeople'spowertosatisfyhisorherurgetoeatcanbeenhancedby______.

14.

Fromhisfindings,Hayhasestablishedsomeflexibleguidelinesforparentsofidenticaltwins.Onesuggestionisforparentsto______sothatcontactwithotherchildrenwill______acceleratelanguagedevelopment.

15.

Laughterisakindofsemiverbalized,socialexpressionofpleasure,developingearlierthanspeech.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

GlotzerandMeyerdecidednottomovetoNewEnglandbecausetheywanttheirchildrentolivein______areas.

17.TheSciencethatImitatesNature'sMechanisms

AEuropeanindustrialistnotlongagobecameverysuspiciousaboutAmericanpurposesandintentionsincertainareasofscientificresearch.HelearnedbychancethattheUnitedStateswassigningcontractswithscientistsinEngland,France,Italy,Germany,Belgium,Sweden,Uruguay,Chile,Argentina,Australia,andothercountries,callingforresearchintosuchmattersasthefunctionofthefrog'seyeandthelearningabilityoftheoctopus.

Itseemedtotheindustrialistthatsuchstudiescouldnotpossiblyhaveanypracticalvalue.HeseriouslybelievedthattheUnitedStateswasemployingtheforeignscientiststodomeaninglessworkandoccupytheirtime,whileAmericanscientistswerebusyinthereallyimportantareasofscience.HewasunawareofthefactthattheUnitedStateswasspendingmuchmoremoneyathomethanabroadforsimilarstudies.

Naturedoesthingsbetterthanpeople

Actually,theresearchhequestionedinvolvesafieldofsciencesonewthatmostpeoplehaveneverheardofit.Namedbionicsin1960,thisscienceisthestudyoflivingcreatures,astudyinsearchofprincipleapplicabletoengineering.Naturehasoperatedavastlaboratoryfortwobillionyears,andbionicsprobesthesecretsofthemarvelous"special-purpose"mechanismsthathavedeveloped.

Takethefrog'seyeforexample.Afrogeatsonlyliveinsects,anditseyeinstantlyspotsamovingflywithinreachofitstongue.Youcansurroundafrogwithdead(thereforemotionless)flies,anditwillneverknowtheyarethere.

Ifwecancompletelyunderstandthemechanicofthefrog'seye,wecandevelopa"mapreadingeye"formissilesanda"pattern--recognitioneye"forourbasicairdefensesystemcalledSAGE(semi-automaticgroundenvironment).SAGEisbadlyoverworked.Itsinternationalnetworkofradar"EYES"suppliesatremendousmassofunimportantdetailsaboutmeteorites,clouds,flightsofducks,geese,andfriendlyplanes,anditsometimesgetsconfused.Untilwecanbuildamechanicalfrog'seyeintoSAGE,itwillremainsomewhatinefficient.

Militaryandcivilianuses

Thefrog'seyeholdspromiseincivilianlife,too.Forexample,atmostmajorairportstheairtrafficproblem--with20millionflightsperyeartohandle--hasreachedacriticalstage.Wemustdevelopbetterdevicesformonitoringandcontrollingairtraffic.

Special-purposemechanismasexcitingasthefrog'seyecanbefoundthroughoutnature.Thebatisunderstudybecausethebat'ssonarismuchmoreefficientthanman-madesonar.Bybouncingsupersonicsqueaksoffobjectsaroundhim,thebatfliesaboutwithremarkableskills.Abatcanflythroughadarkroomstrungwithdozensofpianowiresandnevertouchasinglewire.

ThemosquitoisunderstudybecauseweneedtosolvetheproblemofStaticthatlessenstheefficiencyofourcommunicationssystems.Amosquito,simplybyvibratingitswings,cansetupahumthatwillcutthroughanyinterferingnoise(manornaturecancreateloudwhistlesorthunder,forinstance)andgiveamessagetoanothermosquito150feetaway.

Electricalsystem

Theoreticallyatleastweshouldbeabletocopythesemechanismsfoundinnature,forallbiologicalorganisms-frommosquitotofrogtoman--areinpartactuallyelectricalsystems.Thesenseorgansthat"connect"allanimalstotheoutsideworldaremerelytransducers--instrumentslikeamicrophone,TVcamera,orphonographpickuparm--whichconvertoneform.ofenergyintoanother.Amicrophone,forexample,convertssoundintoelectricalsignalswhicharecarriedtoaloudspeakerandconvertedbackintosoundwaves.Similarly,thenervecellsofaman'searconvertacryforhelpintoelectricalpulseswhicharespedoverhisnervoussystemtothebrain.Thebrainreceivesthes

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Now,thereareabout200,000medicalrepresentativesallovertheworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Manysellerstendtorefusepersonalchecksforfearof______.

20.

SalvadorDaliisafamoussurrealistpainter,whoseworksarehighlycontroversialfromthemodernismorevenpost-modernismperspective.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:HaveyouandyourfamilylivedinChicagoforalongtime?

W:Oh,yes,butonlysince1982.MyoldestchildwasborninSeattleandmysecondoldestchildwasbornoverseaswhenmyhusbandwasteachingEnglish.

Q:WhatdidthewomansayaboutlifeinChicago?

(17)

A.HerhusbandwasteachingEnglishthere.

B.Shewasbornthere.

C.Herchildrenwerebornthere.

D.Shehaslivedtheresince1982.

22.

【B8】

23.(25)

A.Hehassomeknowledgeofthelaw.

B.Hehadthesameproblem.

C.Heknowstheowner.

D.Hecanbringalawsuitagainsttheowner.

24.(24)

A.Makeanappointmentwiththedoctor.

B.Returntheexampaperstohisstudents.

C.Markthelatesthomeworkassignment.

D.Putacancellationnoticeontheclassroomdoor.

25.(34)

A.Peoplearemoredestructive.

B.Peoplearcmoreselfish.

C.Peopledowhattheypreachnow.

D.Peopledonothavemoralprinciplestofollownow.

26.

【B6】

27.(18)

A.Shehasn'tpreparedthecourseoutlineyet.

B.Themancangetthecourseoutlineafterclass.

C.Therearen'tanycopiesofthecourseoutlineleft.

D.She'lldistributethecourseoutlineduringthenextclass.

28.(32)

A.Accordingtothelecture,youshouldtrytoavoiddark,desertedstreetsatnight.

B.Accordingtothelecture,youshouldgivethemuggerwhathewantsandcallthepoliceassoonasheleaves.

C.Accordingtothelecture,it'smuchsaferforamantoputhiswalletinhisfrontpocket.

D.Accordingtothelecture,it'ssafeforyoutogetonemptysubwaycars.

29.听力原文：M:Hi,Iheardyou'relookingforadifferentapartment.

W:Yeah,theplaceI'minnowisarealdown.

M:ItwasOKwhenIwasthere.

W:Oh,theboilerkeepsbreakingandwhenitdoes,weloosetheheatforseveraldaysatthetime.

M:Wilydoesn'ttheownerreplaceit?

W:Well,shesaiditwascheapertokeepfixingit.She'saniceenoughperson,justthesortofmean.Inanycase,I'msickofbeingcold.

M:Canyougetyourdepositbackifyoumove?

W:IfIgivetwo-monthnotice,Icangetthewholethingback.

M:Sowhatkindofplaceareyoulookingfor?

W:IthinkI'lltrytogetintooneofthosehigh-risesneartheuniversity.There'snothingreallyspecialbutatleasttheyarenewandfunctional.

M:Iheardofthosebuildingsareprettynoisy.Thewallsarethinandyoucanheareverythingthat'sgoingonintheotherapartment.

W:Oh,thatwillneverdo.Ineedsomeplacequiettofinishmythesis.IguessI'llhavetolooksomemoreads.ButIstillhavesomeworries.Youknow,maybenewisn'tnecessarilybetter.

M:Whydon'tyoutrysomeofthoseapartmentsinWinsor?They'resupposedtobenice.

W:Oh,aren'ttheyawfullyexpensive?

M:Notreally,you'llbesurprisedathowreasonablesomeofthemare.Theproblemwouldbethatthebusdoesn'trunthatway.

W:That'lldefinitelybeaproblem.Ican'taffordacarrightnow.IguessI'dbettercheckafewoftheplaceshereinthecitybeforeImakeadecision.

(20)

A.Thelandlordalwaysturnsadeafeartohercomplaints.

B.Thelandlordisnoteasytobepleased.

C.Thelandlordcaresaboutmoneyverymuch.

D.Thelandlordisneitherfriendlynorhelpful.

30.【B9】

31.

【B3】

32.

【B2】

33.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Thegovernmenthasadoptedmanyeffectivewaystostoppollution.

B.Thegovernmentcan'tpreventpollutioncompletelybecauseofdevelopment.

C.Therearenoeffectivepurifyingdevicestopreventorstoppollution.

D.Thegovernmentwon'tcontrolpollutionevenforthesakeofpeople'shealth.

34.听力原文：W:I'mgoingovertoseeacarsomeonehasforsale.Withallyourexperienceasamechanic,I'dappreciateyouropinion.

M:Thatwastwentyyearsago.Carshavechangedsomuch.I'mnotsurehowmuchhelpImightbe,butsureI'llcomealongfortheride.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(14)

A.Hemighthelpthewomanmuch.

B.Thewomanshouldn'tbuyausedcar.

C.Hedoesn'tknowalotaboutnewcars.

D.Thewomanisabettermechanicthanheis.

35.听力原文：M:You'regoingtomakeatriptoIceland,aren'tyou?

W:Yes.ButIhaven'tgottheplaneticketyet.I'mthinkingofpostponingthetriptonextmonthsincethisisthebusiestmonthfortheairlines.

Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Shehastochangethetimeforthetrip.

B.Shehasn'tdecidedwheretogonextmonth.

C.Shecan'taffordthetimeforthetrip.

D.Shewillmanagetoleavethismonth.

36.

【B11】

37.听力原文：W:What'sWendydoingheretoday?IthoughtshewassupposedtobeoutoftheofficeonTuesdays.

M:Shedecidedshe'dratherhaveWednesdaysoffinstead.

Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutWendyfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Shehaschangedherschedule.

B.Sheworkslessthansheusedto.

C.SheisgoingtoaskforaleaveonWednesday.

D.SheisgoingtohavehervacationonTuesday.

38.(26)

A.Regularservice,

B.Overnightexpress.

C.Samedaydelivery.

D.Priorityservice.

39.

【B9】

40.(38)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Accordingtothepassage,murderoccursmostfrequentlyinthemonthsof______.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday'smediacompaniesisverticalintegration--anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce,eachparthelpingtheother.Besidespublishingmagazinesandbooks,TimeWarner,forexample,ownsHomeBoxOffice(HBO),Warnermoviestudios,variouscableTVsystemsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCNNaswell.TheJapanesecompanyMatsushitaownsMCARecordsandUniversalStudiosandmanufacturesbroadcastproductionequipment.

Todescribethefinancialstatusoftoday'smediaisalsototalkaboutacquisitions.Themediaarebuyingandsellingeachotherinunprecedentednumbersandformingmediagroupstopositionthemselvesinthemarketplacetomaintainandincreasetheirprofits.In1986,thefirsttimeabroadcastnetworkhadbeensold,twonetworksweresoldthatyear--ABCandNBC.

Mediaacquisitionshaveskyrocketedsince1980fortworeasons.Thefirstisthatmostbigcorporationstodayarepublicly-tradedcompanies,whichmeansthattheirstockistradedononeofthenationstockexchanges.Thismakesacquisitionsrelativelyeasier.

Amediacompanythatwantstobuyapublicly-ownedcompanycanbuythatcompany'sstockwhenthestockbecomesavailable.TheopenavailabilityofstockinthesecompaniesmeansthatanybodywithenoughmoneycaninvestintheAmericanmediaindustries,whichisexactlyhowRupertMurdochjoinedthemediabusiness.

Thesecondreasonfortheincreaseinmediaalliancesisthatbeginningin1980,theFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)graduallyderegulatedthebroadcastmedia.Before1980,forexample,theFCCallowedonecompanytoownonlyfiveTVstations,fiveAMradiostations,andfiveFMradiostations;companiesalsoarerequiredtoholdontoastationforthreeyearsbeforethestationcouldbesold.Thepost-1980FCCeliminatedthethree-yearruleandraisedthenumberofbroadcastholdingsallowedforoneowner.Thistrendofmediaacquisitionsiscontinuingthroughoutthe1990s,aschangingtechnologyexpandsthemarketformediaproducts.Theissueofmediaownershipisimportant.Ifonlyafewcorporationsdirectthemediaindustriesinthiscountry,theoutletsfordifferingpoliticalviewpointsandinnovativeideascouldbelimited.

WhatdoTimeWarnerandMatsushitahaveincommon?

A.TheybothbelongtoRupertMurdoch.

B.TheyarebothbigAmericanmediacorporations.

C.Theyarebothoutletofdifferingviewpointsandinnovativeideas.

D.Theybothownseveraldifferentbutrelatedmediabusinesses.

43.ReneCotyandCharlesDeschanelwerebothinterestedin______.

44.

【C7】

45.(57)

46.

Bysaying"theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious"(Paragraph4),thewritermeansthat______.

A.women'sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat

B.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort

C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners

D.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion

47.

Accordingtothepassagetheworstdiseaseforhumanpopulationis______.

48.

Whyweremanylaid-offworkersataloss?

A.Becausetheydidn'tgetusedtothenewwayoflife.

B.Becausetheyaretoooldtofindanewjob.

C.Becausetheydislikebeinglaidoff.

D.Becausetheythinktheylosttheirsocialstatus.

49.

Ifonevehiclestopsonamotorway,theresultisthat______.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theautomobileisthegreatestconsumerofpublicandpersonalspace.InLosAngeles,theautomobiletown,BarbaraWardfoundthat60to70percentofthespaceisdevotedtocars.Thecarsgobbleupspacesinwhichpeoplemightmeet.

Thereareadditionalconsequencesofthissyndromethatareworthconsidering.Notonlydopeoplenolongerwishtowalk,butitisnotpossibletofindaplacetowalk.Thismakespeopleflabbyandcutthemofffromeachother.Whenpeoplewalk,theygettoknoweachotherifonlybysight.Withautomobilestheoppositeistrue.Thedirt,noise,exhaust,parkedcars,andsmoghavemadetheurbanoutdoorstoounpleasant.Inaddition,mostpeopleagreethattheflabbymusclesandreducedcirculationofbloodthatcomefromlackofregularexercisemakemanmuchmorepronetoheartattacks.

Yetthereisnoinherentincompatibilitybetweenmaninanurbansettingandtheautomobile.It'sallamatterofproperplanningwhichseparatecarsfrompeople.Therearealreadynumerousexamplesofhowthiscanbedonebyimaginativeplanning.

Parisisknownasacityinwhichtheoutdoorshasbeenmadeattractiveandwhereitisnotonlypossiblebutpleasurabletostretchone'slegs,breathe,snifftheair,and"takein"thepeopleandthecity.ThesidewalksalongtheChamps-Elyséeengenderawonderfulexpansivefeelingassociatedwithahundred-footseparationofone'sselfandthetraffic.ItisnoteworthythatthelittlestreetsandalleystoonarrowtoacceptmostvehiclesnotonlyprovidevarietybutareaconstantreminderofthatParisisforpeople.Veniceiswithoutdoubtoneofthemostwonderfullysatisfyingcitiesintheworldwithanalmostuniversalappeal.ThemoststrikingfeaturesofVenicearetheabsenceofvehiculartraffic,thevarietyofspaces,andthewonderfulshops.Florence,isastimulatingcityforthepedestrian.TheautomobiledoesnotfitinwiththedesignofFlorenceandifthetownspeopleweretobanvehiculartrafficfromthecentreofthetown,thetransformationwouldbeextraordinary.

Theautomobilenotonlysealsitsoccupantsinametalandglasscocoon,cuttingthemofffromtheoutsideworld,butithasawayofactuallydecreasingthesenseofmovementthroughspace,notonlybecauseofinsulationfromroadsurfaceandnoisebutofitsvisualaswell.Thedriverinthefreewaymovesinastreamoftrafficwhilevisualdetailatclosedistanceisblurredbyspeed.

BycitingtheexampleofLosAngeles,theauthormeanstodemonstrate______.

51.

Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

52.

Theexampleofgolfballshowsthat______.

A.thegolfhallmanufacturerisignorant

B.thenumberofitemsinapackagecanbecrucialtothesellingprocess

C.thenumberofgolfballsineachpackageismoreimportantthanthequalityoftheproductactually

D.bothBandC

53.

TheaudiencelovedEvelynbecauseofher______.

54.

TheSoilAssociation'sassertedthattheFSA'sreport______.

A.hadnoticedtheimpactoforganicagricultureontheenvironment

B.hadignoredtoexaminetheeffectofpesticideuse

C.shouldbecriticizedforneglectingthebenefitoforganicfood

D.hasentirelydisregardedtheintentofthestudy

55.

Whatdoestheauthormeanby"dressuptheirvoyeurisminfree-speechclothing"?

A.Justifytheevilnatureoftheirbusinessbyclaimingtheyhavetherightofpressfreedom.

B.Covertheirdirtydealsbyofferingfreeproducts.

C.Blameothersfortheirownfault.

D.Distractpublicattentionbygivingfreespeechsothattheirstrangebehaviorscanbeforgotten.

56.

【C2】

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,theharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.

Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionsuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritainworkersbelongtounions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficultto'achieve.

Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeanthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembers'disappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembers'arethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighlypaidjobs.

Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelected,orevenappointed,forlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof"shopsteward"inmanyunions,"shopsteward"beingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.

Britain'sdependencyoncertainessentialserviceshasgreatlywidenedandbecomeakeyroleinthecountry's______.

58.

【C9】

59.WhatdidClotfelter'sstudyrevealabouttheextracurricularactivities?

A.Mostofthemwereexclusivetowhiteandrichstudentsonly.

B.Theycontributedtotheformingofinterracialfriendships.

C.Theydidn'thelpeliminateracialsegregationasexpected.

D.TheyseemedtobeneglectedbyAmericanschooldistricts.

60.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Althoughclichésaboutthe"vulnerability"ofwomenintheeconomyhav