2023年中央电大部分专业本科学士学位英语统一考试

中央电大本科学士学位英语统一考试真题（B卷）2023年11月注意事项

一、本场考试时间为上午9：00——11：00.

二、考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹签字笔填写自己旳准考证号、姓名和学校，再用2B铅笔把对应准考证号码旳标号涂黑。

三、请考生仔细阅读题目旳阐明。

四、答案必须按规定写在答题卡规定旳位置上，但凡写在试题册上旳答案一律作废。

五、答题时，PartⅠ至PartⅣ部分用2B铅笔按示例填涂，如：[■][B][C][D]，用其他符号答题者不记分。修改时，必须先用橡皮擦去本来选定旳答案，然后再按规定重新作答。

六、PartV部分必须用黑色字迹旳签字笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，超过黑色矩形边框区域旳答案无效。PartIReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotional

scars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares(恶梦).(76)NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase(抹去),theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.(77)Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalButthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.1. Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.anewmedicalinventionB.anewresearchonmemoriesC.awayoferasingpainfulmemoriesDanargumentabouttheresearchonthepill2. Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.A.causethebraintofixmemoriesB.stoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiencesC.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals

D.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories3. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepillsB.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiencesC.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealthD.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica4. WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.5. Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.A.goodstories B.painsC.experiences D.memoriesPassage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.(78)

Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjectedtotherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.6. Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheofficeB.ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecarC.aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshopD.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain7. Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.A.hecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmokingB.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-roomC.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmokingD.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation8. Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegreeB.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompanyC.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokersD.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted9. Passivesmokingmeans____A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillinglyB.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokersC.never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigaretteD.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers10. Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto_____.A.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsuranceB.createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironmentC.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblemD.improvethesmokingemployees’workefficiencyPassage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassageScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.(79)Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombaywonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.

Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.(80)Clocksoperatewithgears.Sodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbythe

Indianscientiststoproduceelectricity.AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.11. Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?A.Indianenergyofficials B.ScientistsinIndia

C.OfficialsintheUnitedNations D.ResearchersinEurope.12. WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Pullingvehicles B.Plowingfields

C.Pumpingwateroutifwells

D.Carryingfoodbaskets.13. WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?A.BecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeopleB.BecausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrolC.Becausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia

D.BecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia14. Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”

in

ParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.A.usingbullockstoproduceenergyB.usingpumpstodrawwateroutC.havingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmoveD.connectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity15. Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?A.Ithasalargegearandasmallergear.B.It’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.C.It’squitecheap.D.It’sstillbeingtested.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm____.A.weather B.temperature C.season D.climate17. Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayget____byacar.A.runout B.runoverC.runaway D.runafter18. ___,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.A.Strangelyenough B.EnoughstrangelyC.Strangeenough D.Enoughstrange19. Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee B.tobeseenC.seeing D.seen20. —Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.—What?____,I’mgettingtiredofit.A.Onthecontrary B.TothecontraryC.Ontheotherhand D.Totheotherhand21. ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo____Icantosavethem.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever22. Timewill____whetherImadetherightchoiceornot.A.see B.say. C.tell D.know23. Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing24. Itsuddenly____mehowwecouldimprovethesituation.A.occurred

B.feared C.shook D.struck25. Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.so

B.when C.why D.that26. JohnlikesChinesefood,buthe____eatingwithchopsticks.A.isusedto B.usedto C.isn’tusedto D.didn’tusedto27. FujianProvincelies____theeastofChinaandTaiwanis____theeastofFujian.A.in;in B.to;in C.to;to D.in;to28. ForJohnthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,_____hethoughthewouldneversee,A.what B.that C.one D.it29. Westayedforthenightatthefootofthemountainand____toclimbitthenextmorning.A.setabout B.setoff C.setup Dsetout30. Weshoulddoasmuchadwecan____ourcountrybetterandmorebeautiful.A.make B.tomake C.makes

D.making31. “Toputofsomething”means“to_____”.Alookforit B.putitinplace C.postponeit D.cancelit32. _____,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer,A.Givingtime B.Togivetime C.Giventime D.Beinggiventime33. —Didyouseeheroffthedaybeforeyesterday?

—No,butIwishI____.A.were B.did C.had D.would34. Somedriversalwaysdrivecarelessly.Thereissome____dangerwhiletheyaredriving.A.painful B.potential C.probable D.primary35. Youhavestayedathomefortwodays.It’stimeyou____forawalk.A.goout B.wentout C.willgoout D.wouldgoout36. Canyou____thethreemistakesinthisparagraph?A.turnout B.bringout C.callout D.pickout37. Thisismuch____totheoneIboughtlastweek.A.worse B.lower C.inferior D.equal38. _____theircountryhasplentyofoil,ourshasnone.A.While B.Where C.When D.Unless39. Thereatthedoorstoodagirlaboutthesameheight____.A.asme B.asmine C.withmine D.withme40. Don’tbetoo_____aboutthingsyouarenotsupposedtoknow.A.strange B.amusing C.curious D.conscious41. He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why42. Inordertochangeattitudes___employingwomen,thegovernmentisbringinginnewlaws.A.about B.of C.towards D.on43. Thefactcameup____specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.what B.which C.that D.whose44. Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis____itisascience.A.anartmuchas B.muchanartas C.asanartmuchas D.asmuchanartas45. _____,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.Howeverthestoryisamusing B.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.Howeveramusingthestoryis D.NomatterhowthestoryisamusingPartIIIIdentification(10%)Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Identifytheonethatisnotcorrect.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.46.This

isthesportsman

whom

everyone

says

willwinthegoldmedal

at

theWinterOlympicGames.ABCD47.I

heard

thatyoureally

had

awonderfultime

at

John’sbirthdayparty,

hadn’t

you?ABCD48.E-mail

aswellas

mobiletelephones

are

becoming

moreandmore

popular

in

dailycommunication.ABCD49.They

aregoingto

have

theservicemen

installed

anelectricfan

in

theofficetomorrow.ABCD50. Two

woman

teachersandfour

girl

students

were

praised

at

themeetingyesterday.ABCD51. LessonThreeis

the

mostdifficultlesson,

but

itisn’t

the

mostdifficultlesson

inBookFour.

ABCD52. Thereporterwas

very

pleased

when

thechairman

allowed

himtoask

fewquestions.ABCD53. He

triedto

learnGreekbut

soon

got

tiredofit

and

gaveupit.ABCD54.Withthesun

setting,westopped

working,

putting

awayourtoolsandwere

going

togohome.ABCD55.

Politemanners

inChinademandthataperson

standsup

whenanyone

enters

aroomorwhen

ABCanyone

hands

himsomething.DPartIVCloze(10%)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,andforeachblankthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDattheendofthepassage.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Scientistssaythatsomethingveryseriousishappeningtotheearth.Itwillbegintoget__56inthefollowingyears.Therewillbemajorchangesin57inthenewcentury.Coastalwaterswillhavea58temperature.Thiswillhavea59effectonagriculture.Innorthernareas,the60seasonwillbetendayslongerbytheyear2023.However,inwarmerareas,itwillbetoodry.The61ofwatercould62byeightypercent.ThiswouldWorldtemperaturecould64twodegreescentigradebytheyear2040.However,theincreasecouldbethreetimesasgreatintheArticandAntarcticarea.Thiscouldcausethe65__sheetstomeltandraisethe66oftheoceans67onetotwometers.Manycoastalcitieswouldbe68water.Whyisthishappening?Thereistoo69carbondioxideintheair.70oil,gasandcoalburn,theycreatelargeamountsofcarbondioxide.Thiscarbondioxidelets71entertheearth’satmosphereand72theearth.However,itdoesn’tletasmuchheat73theatmosphereandenterspace.It’slikeablanket.Theheat74thesuncanpassthroughtheblankettowarmtheearth.Theheat75thereandcan’tescapethroughtheblanketagain.Scientistscallthisthegreen-houseeffect.56. A.warmer B.colder C.better D.worse57. A.land B.agriculture C.climate D.weather58. A.lower B.higher C.normal D.proper59. A.good B.general C.serious D.useful60. A.getting B.playing C.taking D.growing61. A.much B.many C.amount D.number62. A.fall B.decrease C.refuse D.rise63. A.lead B.keep C.make D.cause64. A.increase B.drop C.lift D.realize65. A.water B.rain C.stone D.ice66. A.degree B.level C.coast D.area67. A.by B.to C.of D.with68. A.above B.under C.below D.over69. A.little B.many C.few D.much70. A.If B.Because C.When D.Why71. A.sunlight B.air C.rain D.gas72. A.cold B.protect C.hurt D.heat73. A.enter B.get C.leave D.reach74. A.through B.by C.from D.on75. A.stores B.arrives C.stands D.staysPartVTranslation(20%)SectionADirections:InthisparttherearefivesentenceswhichyoushouldtranslateintoChinese.Thesesentencesarealltakenfromthe3passagesyouhavejustreadinthepartofReadingComprehension.Youcanreferbacktothepassagessoastoidentifymeaningsinthecontext.76. NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.77. Sofartheresearchhassugg