2022-2023年广东省广州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022-2023年广东省广州市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

ThecollegelifeisregardedbymanyAmericansas______.

2.

Thenexttargettopromotethebenefitsoftaughenedglassshouldbe______.

3.

Bysolvingyourdivorceproblemonline,youneedtopay￡100.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.Whatissaidaboutthespilloccurringfarbelowthesea?

A.Itresultedinthedeathofbirdsthatfeedonfish.

B.Itisathreattothewholeecosystemthere.

C.Itislessharmfulthanthespillonthesurface.

D.Itiseasytoassessthelikelyimpacts.

5.

Peopleshouldknowthatsomeearthquakesareactually______andalargerearthquakemightoccur.

6.

ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover______.

A.problembetweenneighbors

B.problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

C.problemsonairpollution

D.trans-boundaryairpollution

7.

Asameasureofbodyfat,BMI(bodymassindex)iscalculatedaccordingto

8.

IfyouarriveearlyinanAmericanparty,howwillotherpeoplethinkofyou?

A.Youarepunctualandpolite.

B.Youareabusyandimportantpersonwithlotstodo.

C.Youhavenolifeofyourown.

D.Youareleadinganexcitingandproductivelife.

9.WhatisthedifferencebetweenJoostandKaZaAaccordingtoFredrikdeWahl?

A.KaZaAbenefitedtheindustrywhichitentered.

B.KaZaAdidn'timpacttheindustrywhichitentered.

C.Joostdoesn'tthreatentheindustrywhichit'sentering.

D.Joostnegativelyimpactstheindustrywhichit'sentering.

10.

Invitrofertilizationiscompletedinalabandthefertilizedeggissurgicallyimplantedinthewomb.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Dr.Dorisbelievesthateveryoneisbornto______.

A.haveweightproblems

B.liketobebeautiful

C.bethin

D.behappy

12.

Whenyouexperienceandobserveyourinflectionpoint,youshouldstopyourcareeratonce.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Justlikefatigueandweakness,depressionisonesymptomof______.

14.

Peopleconsumemoreandmorecaloriestomakeusfeelthatwearefullatmealsthatarerichin______.

15.

TheFrenchtraditionof______islikelytoposeachallengingproblemtoAmericanvisitors.

16.

RachelCarsonstartedwritingbefore______.

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasforcedtoleavehomethreeyearsago.

B.Hesoldthehousetopayforhisworldtour.

C.Helearnedalotfromtravelingaroundtheworld.

D.HegotaPh.DinGeographyinthreeandahalfyears.

18.

BoeingandWhirlpool,meanwhile,areworkingtomeetemissionsreductiontargetseventhough______.

19.Itwasnotuntil1947thatIndiabecame______.

20.

AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,studentscanprepareforSATby______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B10】

22.(14)

A.Sheisexpectingherturn.

B.Shehasfoundvaluableinformation.

C.Sheneedsanotherweektoprepare.

D.Shehasnotpreparedyet.

23.听力原文：W:Hello,Steve?

M:Hi,Veronica.What'sgoingon?

W:Oh,mycar'shavingproblemsagain,butIdon'thavethetimeorthemoneytogetitfixed.

M:Isitreallybad?

W:It'sstartingtooverheatwheneverI'midlingorinheavytraffic,andtwodaysagoIhadtopullofftheexpresswayandwaituntiltheenginecooleddown.

M:Haveyoutakenitintoashop?

W:Wall,IwenttotwodifferentPlacesyesterday;onemechanicsaidhe'dcheckthecoolantlevelandlookforfluidleaks;theotherguysaidhethoughtitwasthethermostat.Ididn'tleavethecarwitheitherofthem,though,becauseIdidn'thavearideback.

M:Whatareyougoingtodo?

W:Ireallydon'tknow.I'llhavetofigureoutsomething;thebusserviceisterriblearoundwhereIlive.Anyway,couldIaskyouforafavor?

M:Ofcourse,whatisit'?

W:Youknow,tomorrow'sMondayandwe'resupposedtoturninourhomeworkinEnglish,butI'veonlygottenhalfwaythroughitI'vejustbeentoobusy.IfIcameover,wouldyouhelpmefinishit?

M:Sure,I'llbehereallevening.AndactuallyIhaven'tfinishedthehomeworkeither;I'vejustbeenputtingitoff,soit'sgoodyou'recomingover—Ineedsomeonetomotivateme.

W:Thankyousomuch,Steve.It'ssoniceofyou.Seeyoulater.

(20)

A.Shedecidedtothrowitawayandbuyanewone.

B.Shetookittotherepairshopbutrefusedtohaveitrepaired.

C.Shedidn'ttakeittotherepairshopatall.

D.Sheturnedtomechanicsforhelpbuttheycoulddonothingwithit.

24.(24)

A.Toshowhertheplansandexplainindetail.

B.Todemonstratehowtousetheproducts.

C.Toknowherbetterbeforehiringher.

D.Toprovidebetterafter-saleservice.

25.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Smokingmeanssomethingdifferenttovariouscultures.In【B1】______,manypeoplesmoke.Inthewinter,itisoften【B2】______tobreatheinthecafesbecauseofthetobacco【B3】______intheair.InRomania,smokingisan【B4】______socialhabit.Women,【B5】______,donotsmokeonthestreet.Thebrandof【B6】______apersonsmokesshowshis/her【B7】______,especiallyifitisaforeign【B8】______.

InLatinAmericancultures,smokingisverycommon.【B9】______.

InpartsofAsia,tobaccoisusedinweddingceremoniesandinreligiousofferings.Itisalsousedinmanykindsofoccasions.InCambodia,【B10】______.InVietnam,peopleareoftensmokingatbusinessmeetingsandincoffeehouses.MostofthewomeninCambodiaandVietnamtendnottosmoke.Butwhentheyenterafriend'shome,theymaybegivenatobaccoleaftochewon.Duringthewar,Vietnamesesoldierswouldsmoketopassthetimewhilewaitingtogointobattle.【B11】______

Smokingwasacomfortingthingtodo.InbothVietnamandCambodia,peoplewhowerenotsmokersbeforethewar,startedtosmokeduringthewarandbecameaddicted.

【B1】

26.(26)

A.Tofindanotherapartment.

B.TotalktoMs.Black.

C.ToaskTomtorepairthedishwasher.

D.TobuyTomanewdishwasherfortheowner.

27.

【B5】

28.听力原文：W：Somebodyjusttookmybag!Mymoney，mycreditcards--everything'sgone!

M：Allright．Justcalmdownaminute．．．OK，whatdidthepersonlooklike?

Q：Whatisprobablytheman?

(18)

A.Abusinessman.B.Apoliceman.C.Athief.D.Awaiter.

29.

【B8】

30.【B4】

31.

【B11】

32.(47)

33.(35)

A.Nooneexactlyknowswhowastheinventoroftheumbrella.

B.Theumbrellawasfirstinventedtobeusedasprotectionagainstthesum

C.Theeighteenthcentury.

D.InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrella.

34.听力原文：W:Oh,thisisabeautifulcity.I'mreallygladI'vebroughtmycamera.

M:Yes,therearelotsofthingstotakepicturesofhere.ButIhopeyouwillnotplantospendallyourtimesnapping.Ihavesomefriendswhowouldliketomeetyou.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?

(15)

A.Tovisitmoreplacesinthecity.

B.Tosnapasmanypicturesaspossible.

C.Totakegoodcareofhercamera.

D.Tosparesometimetomeethisfriends.

35.

【B6】

36.听力原文：TheanimalsyouwouldhaveseenonatypicalfarminMassachusettsintheearly1800swouldnotlookquitethesameastheonesyoumightseeinthe1980s.IncolonialtimessettlersbroughtcattleandsheepwiththemtoAmericafromvariouspartsofEurope.Becausethesettlerswerebusybuildinghouses,clearinglandandplantingcrops,theyhadlittletimetocarefortheiranimals.Thecattleandsheephadtofendforthemselvesandfemaleswerebredtowhateverbullsorramsintheneighborhood.Thesematingsresultedinmixedbreedsofcattleandsheepthatcanhardlysurviveunderadverseconditions.Astheherdsgrew,theyprovidedthesettlerswithmeataswellasmilkandwool.Thatwasalmostallthe19th-centuryfarmfamiliesneeded,enoughfoodforthemselvesandalittlesurplusthatcouldbetradedforthingstheycouldn'tproduceathome.Nowthesurvivaloffarmanimalsisnotsoprecarious.Breedingismuchmoreselectiveandspecialized,pure-bredcattleandsheeppredominate,somebredfortheirmeat,othersfortheirmilkorwool.

(33)

A.Thedifferencesbetweensheepandcattlebreeding.

B.LivingconditionsinthecolonyofMassachusetts.

C.Foodshortagesintheearly1800s.

D.LivestockraisingonearlyAmericanfarms.

37.(29)

A.Peopleweremoremoney-conscious.

B.Peopleweremorehealth-conscious.

C.Thepriceoffruitdroppeddramatically.

D.Peoplehadtospendmoreontransportationandfurniture.

38.听力原文：W:ProfessorMarnes,IwonderifyoucanfillmeinonyourlecturelastFriday.Ihadtoattendascholarshipawardceremony.

M:Ohwell,congratulations.Ihopeyouwererewardedhandsomely!

W:Well,everybithelps.So,aboutyourlecture,Iunderstandyouweretalkingaboutextinctions.

M:Yes.Well,thecruxofmytalkwasjustthatwetendtothinkofextinctionasadramaticevent,butmostspeciesdieoutoverquiteaperiodoftime.

W:Whydotheydieoff?Ithoughttheywerecontinuouslyimprovingthemselves.Naturalselection,Ithinkyouoncementioned.

M:Ah,butyouseewhilethereisnaturalCompetitionbetweenthespecies,whatdetermineswhichspeciessurviveislargelybychance.

W:Idon'tgetit.Whydospeciesbothercompeting?

M:Well,thereareshort-termadvantages.Butmanyspeciesalsoarehelpedbyothers.Forexample,thecommonhouseflyandcockroachesmighthavediedoffyearsagoifnotforhumans.

W:Butyou'renotsayingthathumansaresosuccessfulmerelybecauseofchance?

M:Toacertainextent,humanswereinitiallyluckyenoughtohavetherightweatherconditionsandalackofpredators,butnow,ofcourse,wesurvivebyingenuity!

W:gowemayneverbecomeextinct.

M:No,becausewemaybeinacrashcoursetoextinctionbyourcontinuousexploitationoftheenvironment.Wearearelativelyyoungspeciesandourtimeishotyetoverdue.

W:Butthereare6billionofus!

M:Yesandthere'remanymorehousefliestoo!Eachwiththecapacitytospreadonediseasefromonepersontoanotherinafastperiodoftime.

(20)

A.Sheiswritingacompetitivepaperforascholarship.

B.Sheisdoingapaper.

C.Shemissedthelecture.

D.Sheisplanningtoattendthescholarshipawardceremony.

39.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Thesumtotalofourknowledgeisverysmallcomparedtothesizeofourignorance.Everyadvanceonthefrontierofknowledgeopensupagreatvistaoftheunknown.Thescientistisnothappyexceptwhenhefindssomethingnew．Scienceisanincompletetaskjustaslifeisincomplete.Hecanonlybehappybecausehehastheopportunitytocontinuethesearch.Fulfillmentcanneverbetheresolongasknowledgeisimperfect.

Thesearchfortruthisnotapeacefuloccupation.ThehappiestpeopleIhaveknownhavenotbeenthemenofgreatworldlyachievementsorwealth.Theyhavebeenthesimplepeoplewhoarehappilymarried,enjoyinggoodhealthandgoodfamilylife.

Idonotthinkwesearchforthestarsormoonbecausewemakeupourmindstodoso,butbecausewecan'thelpourselves.Imaginationisnotanattributeofhappiness.Apersoncanbeveryhappywhenheknowsnothing.

Whileitistrueyoucangethappiness,peaceandserenityfrombeingatthelowerendoftheladder,itisalsotruethatyoucannotenjoytheecstasyofachievement.Successinthegeneralsenseofthetermmeanstheopportunitytoexperienceandtorealizetothemaximumtheforcesthatarewithinus.

(27)

A.Becausewehavemadeupourmindstodoso.

B.Becausewewanttofulfillourdesireforknowledge.

C.Becausewewanttoenjoytheecstasyofachievement.

D.Becausewecannothelpourselves.

40.(34)

A.Nothingaboutthemountains.

B.Therealexperienceofbeinginthemountains.

C.Mountainclimbingwithfamilymembers.

D.Skillsofrockclimbing.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Theauthorofthisessayseemstosuggestthat______.

A.thedevaluationofMalaysia'scurrencyisduetotheAmericanplot

B.theAsianCrisisistheresultofASEANpanderingtoterroristgovernments

C.thereisnotaseriouseconomicproblemsinSoutheastAsiaatall

D.theeconomicproblemsinsomeAsiancountriesispartlytheresultoftheiroverheatingeconomy

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Housingisrecognizedasa"sociallydeterminantvariable".InFrance,housingisthemainitemofexpenditureinthefamilybudget(accountingforanaverageof29percent),andmanyfamilieswouldbeunabletofinddecenthousingwithoutsomehelpfromtheState.Foralongtime,themainproblemwasthehousingshortagebutinrecentyearsthedeteriorationofhousingconditionshasbeengivingevengreatercauseforconcern.

Despiteextensiveconstructionprograms,theproblemofhousingforthemostunderprivilegedpopulationgroupshasnotbeensolved.Accordingtoarecentreport,between2and3millionfamilieshadseriousdifficultiesmeetingtheirhousingcostsandwerelivinginprecariousanduncomfortableconditions.

Policiesdesignedtoaddressthehousingproblemhaveshiftedoverthepastfewdecadesfromamacro-economicapproachpromotingconstructiontohousingsubsidies.Thereasonsforthisshiftcanbetracedtoadeterminationtolimitpublicspendingandtoavoidsomeoftheadversaryeffectsofmacro-economicpolicies.TheStatehastosomeextentceasedtofinancehousing,especiallytheconstructionofnewprojects,withtheresultthatthecostisnowchieflyanddirectlybornebythefamilybudget.Manyunderprivilegedfamilies,whichwereexcludedfromlow-renthousingforvariousreasonssuchasselectionoftenants,saturationofexistingcapacityorbankruptcy,hadnoalternativebuttopurchasetheirownhomeandwereencouragedtodosowithoutrestraintbythetheneasytermsofhousingloans.Thehousingsectorthuscontributedtothedevelopmentofthe"economyofindebtedness".Itshouldindeedbeemphasizedthat"widespreadhomeownershipthroughborrowingcouldonlybeveryharmfultolow-incomefamilies."

InBelgium,thequalityofhousing,consideredtheprimeindicatorofhousingdeprivation,leavesmuchtobedesired.Low-renthousingprojectshavebeencutbackaspartoftheausterity(缩减)policywhichispursuedbythenationalandregionalgovernments,andlow-incomehouseholdsarefindingitdifficulttofindsomewheretolive.Thenumberofhomelesshasalsotakenonalarmingproportions.Anestimated3,000personsspendnightsinrefuges,buttheactualfigureisprobablymuchhigher.Moreover,thenumberofhomelesswomenandyoungpersonsisincreasing.

Inthispassagetheauthormainlyarguesthathousing______.

A.isaproblemthatcanbesolvedsocially

B.isaheavyburdenformostunderprivilegedfamilies

C.isawidespreadprobleminsomeEuropeancountries.

D.changeswithsocialconditions.

43.

Whydidn'tthelaid-offworkersliketodohomeservicesinthepast?

A.Lowsalary.

B.Lowersocialstatus.

C.Dirtyworkingcondition.

D.Toomuchextrawork.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter.

Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganverygradually.Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.

Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.

Theseinventionsanddiscoveries--fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000BCuntilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodevelopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.Therewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime--therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner'scompassbutneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.

Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Fireandthedomesticationofanimalsmakeagriculturepossible.

B.Picturelanguageandorallanguagemightappearatthesametime.

C.Gunpowderandmarine'scompassareasimportantasspeech.

D.Languageandcommunicationarethemostimportantfactorsforhumandevelopment.

45.

Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon______.

A.evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStates

B.theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherself

C.evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologists

D.theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon

46.

WhyhastheJamaicantourismmovedintocarefullyplannedghettosofwealth?

A.Toseparatethetouristsfromthepoorlocalnatives.

B.ToshowtherealsideofJamaicatothetourists.

C.Toimplementaone-pricepolicyintourism.

D.Toallowtouriststomoveunnoticedamongthenatives.

47.

WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbeharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork:somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsoffantasticachievementsthattheyareunabletodealwith;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating--reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators,somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas"goofingoff."Newtonwasn'tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesome"lazy"buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat"laziness"werecausedbytheworker'stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being"lazy"--thatis,takingtimeoffforarest--isgoodfortheoverworkedstudentorexecutive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohard,todoctorwho'ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou'retemptedtocallomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

Themainideaofthispassageis_______________________.

49.

Accordingtotheauthor,______.

A.driversshouldapplycourtesyproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.roadcourtesyshouldbevaluedinanycircumstance

D.driversshouldencourageoldladiestocrosstheroad

50.

Accordingtothepassage,thefivewritersobjecttothescientificmethodprimarilybecausetheythinkit______.

A.isnotthehestwaytoobtainanunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweentheindividualandthecosmos

B.cannotprovideanadequateexplanationofintuitionandimagination

C.misleadspeopleintobelievingtheyhaveanunderstandingoftruth,whentheydonot

D.preventspeoplefromrecognizingthesymbolicnatureofexperience

51.

【C10】

52.

Whichofthefollowingisnottrueforthenewterrorisminthe1990's?

A.Itfocusesonnotonlynationalaffair,butinternationally.

B.Itmayseekoutmilitaryorgovernmenttargets.

C.Informationandcommunicationtechnologyisused.

D.Informationandcommunicationoftheiropponentsarefrequentlyattacked.

53.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor______.

A.ispessimisticaboutthedimfuture

B.isoptimisticaboutthebrightfuture

C.isfascinatedabouttheunknownfuture

D.isscaredabouttheunknownfuture

54.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out'"mean'!

A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".

B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".

C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".

D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".

55.AccordingtoDitlow,theautomakersrefusetorevealthecodesmainlyinconsiderationof______.

56.

Accordingtothepassage,thehabitatofYangchengcrabsis______.

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

TheWebhasbecomesuchaforceincommerceandculturethatagroupofleadinguniversityresearchersnowdeemsitworthyofitsownfieldofstudy.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandtheUniversityofSouthamptoninBritainplantoannouncethattheyarestartingajointresearchprograminWebscience.

Webscience,theresearcherssay,hassocialandengineeringdimensions.Itextendswellbeyondtraditionalcomputerscience,theysay,toincludetheemergingresearchinsocialnetworksandthesocialsciencesthatisbeingusedtostudyhowpeoplebehaveontheWeb.AndWebscience,theyadd,shiftsthecenterofgravityinengineeringresearchfromhowasinglecomputerworkstohowhugedecentralized(分散的)Websystemswork.

"TheWebisn'taboutwhatyoucandowithcomputers,"Mr.Berners-Lee,aseniorresearcheratM.I.T.,said."It'speopleand,yes,theyareconnectedbycomputers.Butcomputerscience,asthestudyofwhathappensinacomputer,doesn'ttellyouaboutwhathappensontheWeb."

TheWebscienceprogramisanacademiceffort,butcorporatetechnologyexecutivesandcomputerscientistssaidtheresearchcouldgreatlyinfluenceWeb-basedbusinesses.TheypointedinparticulartoresearchbyMr.Berners-Leeandotherstobuildmore"intelligence"intotheWeb-movingtowardwhatisknownastheSemanticWeb-asanareaofstudythatcouldyieldabigpayoff.

Webscienceisrelatedtoanotheremerginginterdisciplinary(各学科间的)fieldcalledservicesscience.Thisisthestudyofhowtousecomputing,collaborativenetworksandknowledgeindisciplinesrangingfromeconomicstoanthropologytoliftproductivityanddevelopnewproductsintheservicessector,whichrepresentsaboutthree-fourthsoftheUnitedStateseconomy.ServicesscienceresearchisbeingsupportedbytechnologycompanieslikeIBM,AccentureandHewlett-Packard,andbytheNationalScienceFoundation.

Webscienceresearch,saidIrvingWladawsky-Berger,atechnologystrategistatIBMandvisitingprofessoratMIT,is"aprerequisite(先决条件)todesigningandbuildingthekindsofcomplexhuman-orientedsystemsthatweareafterinservicesscience."Mr.Berners-LeeandhiscolleaguesattheM.I.T.havehadpreliminarydiscussionswithgovernmentagenciesintheUnitedStatesandEuropethatfinancescientificresearch,aswellaswithleadingtechnologycompanies.ButMr.Berners-LeesaidhisgrouphaddecidedtopubliclycirculatetheirideasaboutWebsciencebeforetryingtoattractgovernment,foundationandcorporatefunding.

Comparedwithtraditionalcomputerscience,webscienceincludestheresearch______.

58.Goingtobedearlier,youmaybefrustratedbybody'sinternalbiologicalclockinkeepingyou______.

59.

What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthearticle?

A.Topersuadepeopletomovetosparselypopulatedareas.

B.ToprovethatEdinburghisnotsuitableforpeopletolivein.

C.Toattractgovernment'sattentiontopeople'ssenseofhappiness.

D.Toofferreaderstheinformationofpeople'sfeelingofwell-being.

60.

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothispassage?

A.ChadLakelocatedinthemiddleofChadinnorthernAfrica.

B.